"Free Energy" mid-IR LED
Paul
Does anyone have access to a long wavelength LED >= 1300 nm? If so
then I would ***very much*** appreciate it if you could perform a
simple voltage measurement experiment, or better yet I would be more
than happy to purchase the mid-IR LED.
Regards,
Paul Lowrance
James Taddeo
I'll let you know early this coming week, after I get back into the
shop.........Jim
Paul Lowrance
long wavelength, but I'll hold off on purchasing it because they are $108 each!!
I can't understand why an LED is so expensive. There are probably other
companies that sell similar LED's for at least 1/10th that price.
4500 nm is a long wavelength, and longer the better in this case, but even a
1300 nm would be great.
Does anyone have any idea how I could make such an LED? It seems they grow
certain chemicals on a surface.
Regards,
Paul
Paul Lowrance
I had an idea of trying to get that LED company to perform the simple test,
rather than pay $108 + S&H to buy one LED. Here's the idea -->
If anyone has the time, could you please send an email to the company requesting
the same experiment, perhaps in your own words? I would like to give them the
idea that physicists around the world are interested. And it's true, physicists
would be interested if these leading edge ultra long wavelength LED's could
indeed capture a part of the 460 Watts/m^2 blackbody radiation that's peak at
~15000 nm at room temperature.
As an example, here's the email I sent to in...@deepredtech.com
---
Hi,
Thanks for the reply! Could you possibly have someone take a quick measurement
on your LED46 since I did not see it in the datasheet? I would like to know the
rms voltage noise the LED46 generates when it's pointed at a wall of the same
temperature. So if the LED46 temperature is 300 Kelvin then the wall
temperature should also be close to 300 Kelvin. If you do not have a sensitive
rms meter capable of measuring down to 0.1 mV then even an eyeball reading of
the peek to peek voltage over say 1 minute would be great. Actually I am hoping
your LED46 generates a lot of noise. If your LED generates a lot of voltage
noise then a great deal of physicists around the world that I'm in contact with
and I would purchase the LED's.
---
If you want, you could make reference to your colleague (me).
Regards,
Paul Lowrance
James Taddeo
No luck at our shop.........850nm - 950nm communication IR LED's. I ran a
quick Google and found several LED makers offfering a wide range of IR band
diodes. Paul, you can probably get a few samples from manufacturers. Show
them a possible ROI (return on investment) by projected usage of devices
that would be built using their devices. I'll send a little more later on in
answer to some of your other questions.
Regards,
JT
Paul
wrote:
> Hello,
> No luck at our shop.........850nm - 950nm communication IR LED's. I ran a
> quick Google and found several LED makers offfering a wide range of IR band
> diodes. Paul, you can probably get a few samples from manufacturers. Show
> them a possible ROI (return on investment) by projected usage of devices
> that would be built using their devices. I'll send a little more later on in
> answer to some of your other questions.
>
> Regards,
> JT
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Paul Lowrance"
>
> Sent: Monday, March 12, 2007 12:27 PM
> Subject: [EM:160] Re: "Free Energy" mid-IR LED - A Request.
>
> > Hi,
>
> > I had an idea of trying to get that LED company to perform the simple
> test,
> > rather than pay $108 + S&H to buy one LED. Here's the idea -->
Hi,
I can get 1300 nm LED's for about $10, but after seeing that another
company makes 4500 nm LED's ($108) I'm a little spoiled now since that
would exponentially help the experiment. After doing some research
and math crunching it seems a 0.3 eV band gap germanium diode should
provide the same results in a watered down version of my experiment as
the $108 4500 nm LED. Can you image that, a $108 for one little LED,
lol? Perhaps we're all in the wrong business and should be making
LED's.
Anyhow, perhaps over the weekend I'll see if the local stores have a
good germanium diode capable of withstanding 250 C temperature. I've
seen large silicon diodes capable of handling those temps, but don't
know much about germanium diodes. The experiment is about measuring
the photovoltaic effect caused by blackbody radiation. It seems that
such a 0.3 eV band gap diode at 250 C should allow a sensitive meter
to measure a DC voltage. In fact, it seems very possible a high-gain
FET amp could detect the DC photovoltaic effect caused by the correct
diode at root temperature.
Regards,
Paul Lowrance
Paul Lowrance
The following is an important consideration for those interested in the very
real upcoming technology that will capture significant continuous energy day or
night from ambient temperature (surrounding air and Earth).
Silicon and Germanium are what is called *Indirect band gap* material. This
means Si and Ge are inefficient at emitting and receiving radiation. Although
recent technology has made it possible to make Si LED's, but that's more complex.
The following link contains a very nice table of different semiconductors
showing which materials are Indirect and Direct band gap -->
http://www.chemistry.patent-invent.com/chemistry/semiconductor_materials.html
Therefore, it seems highly advantageous to perform experiments using the
following materials -->
* Indium Antimonide (InSb) 0.17 eV
* Indium Arsenide (InAs) = 0.354 eV
InSb is the best choice for capturing room temperature black body radiation. I
believe the above are direct band gap materials, which means they are efficient
at receiving and emitting radiation.
It's too bad Germanium is indirect band gap. Sure glad I discovered this before
heading out to buy various Ge diodes. :-) Tom Schum placed 32 germanium diodes
in series, which resulted in ~1 uV. What would be terribly interesting is to see
the vast difference an InSb or InAs LED would make.
It seems unrealistic to use a $108 to $175 MID-IR LED for a replicable
experiment. Very few people would spend $108 just to verify that ambient
temperature energy is capturable. People who already believe don't need it. One
almost needs to pay a skeptic to view an experiment that goes against their beliefs.
There is one alternative, and that's the $10 1550 nm LED, made of InGaAsP, but
I'm not sure present instruments could measure the effect at room temperature. I
calculate the effect would be ~100 million times less than the $175 4900 nm LED.
The presence of Ga greatly increases the band gap, unfortunately, which is why
this LED is only 1550 nm.
I'll probably spend another week on this stuff before going back to the simulations.
Regards,
Paul Lowrance
Paul Lowrance
material for this research. It has a band gap of zero eV! Various amounts of Cd
(Hg[x-1]Cd[x]Te) increases the band gap to whatever value you want. Here are
some interesting quotes -->
Quote #1 from WikiPedia:
---
Owing to its cost, the use of HgCdTe has so far been restricted to the military
field and infrared astronomy research. Military technology depends on HgCdTe for
night vision. In particular, the US air force makes extensive use of HgCdTe on
all aircraft, and to equip airborne smart bombs. A variety of heat-seeking
missiles are also equipped with HgCdTe detectors.
---
Quote #2 from WikiPedia:
---
The main limitation of LWIR HgCdTe-based detectors is that they need cooling to
temperatures near that of liquid nitrogen (77K), ***TO REDUCE NOISE*** due to
thermally excited current carriers
---
Note the bold text in Quote #2. This material is so noisy they need to cool it
to 77K, otherwise the voltage noise is incredible ... bingo!
This is so ironic. Why are most desirable things come at such high cost?
Everyone loves ice cream, but the calories. I would give just about anything to
experiment with a p-n HgTe photodiode, but it's ridiculously expensive. Would
they even sell it to me?
Furthermore, this material has ultra wide bandwidth.
Mercury(II) cadmium(II) telluride (HgCdTe):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HgCdTe
band gap image diagram:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HgCdTe_Eg_vs_x.PNG
Regards,
Paul Lowrance
> Regards,
> Paul Lowrance
>
Paul Lowrance
been a self runner. Hopefully those people who were working on the MEG could
get back to such important work.
BTW, a few days after Mike first announced his bombshell I spent two days
analyzing his videos and pics, and created an LTSpice file of Mike's circuit. I
sent Stefan the results basically showing a lot of what John discovered.
Personally I stopped thinking about Mike's motor when he began showing signs of
being a disinformation agent. One of such signs is being evasive. It's
understandable people kept trying to replicate Mike's machine because we all
have hope and want the "smoking gun."
Regards,
Paul Lowrance
Paul Lowrance
process. Below is my latest description and perhaps the easiest to understand -->
In a very small nutshell, there are countless micro magnetic avalanches. When a
core is magnetized the ferromagnetic atoms actually flip. It turns out that the
rate of flip has no influence on the induced voltage. Example, apply a voltage
on an inductor and the current increases at rate determined by the RL time
constant. On a macro scale the induced voltage caused by the magnetic material
seems smooth, but on a micro scale it's not. As you probably know, the voltage
is caused by almost countless tiny voltage spikes. If we analyze each spike
caused by one avalanche we'll see there's a base frequency, which is the
frequency we see on the scope. IOW, if we apply a 1 KHz signal on the inductor
then that's the base frequency. If we had a micro probe and analyzed the
electromagnetic signal generated one small area micro area on the magnetic
material (one avalanche) we would see the base frequency plus a lot of harmonics.
Understandably at first glance it seems obvious it requires energy from the
source of power connected to the coil to generate these avalanches, and that is
correct, but there's more to it. The ferro atoms want to align. In fact when two
magnetic moments rotate to align they are gaining kinetic energy. So the ferro
atoms gain energy when they become aligned and it requires energy to break that
bond. That's the reason for MCE (Magnetocaloric effect); i.e., material heats up
when magnetized and cools down when field is removed. MCE is now used for deep
freezing. So then you may ask why it requires energy to magnetize a core. A
quick answer is in studying magnetic cores at near absolute zero temperature.
Because such a core has very little thermal activity such a core behaves like a
switch. That's a lot of remanence. IOW, the core prefers to always be saturated.
As we slowly increase the cores temperature then the cores remanence will
decrease. Hard steel has a lot of remanence at room temperature. Stick a PM on
hard steel and remove the PM and the steel is noticeably magnetized. Now slowly
heat up the core and the steal will slowly lose its remanence.
Remanence is obvious on a macro scale, but on a micro scale there's still
domains, until the material reaches Curie temperature. Briefly stated, the
amount of PME (potential magnetic energy) in the core is equal to the core type
of course and the net internal magnetic disorder. At Curie temp there's a lot of
internal disorder. IOW, the ferro atoms are pointing in random directions. So
what happens if you place two magnets facing each other so they repel? If the
two magnets were on swivels and you let go they would snap in to magnetic
alignment. That's PME. So magnetic material has maximum PME above Curie
temperature, which is why MCE is maximum above Curie temp.
What this means is there's a lot happening inside magnetic materials, lol.
There's some research that shows nanocrystalline magnetic cores far below Curie
temperature have high MCE. In fact, some core temperatures can change by 1/10
Celsius far below Curie. So far I haven't seen any research showing any cores
that change that much at room temperature, but it requires a lot of energy to
increase a core to 1/10 C. These are cores that have incredibly high
permeability, close to a million and in some case above one million. Such cores
require hardly any energy to saturate, yet they contain a lot of PME.
So even though it took say 1 mJ to magnetize a core, there was a lot more energy
exchanges occurring inside. Getting back to begging, the speed at which the
ferromagnetic atoms flip has nothing to do with the base frequency. All that
matters as far as the circuit is concerned is that X amount of atom flip per
unit of time.
Lets get to the nitty gritty on how to capture this PME. It's always been easier
to explain this on a macro scale. Imagine an array of magnets on a board. Due to
temperature the magnets are not forming perfectly closed magnetic loops. A
perfectly close loop equates to no PME. Remember that at Curie temperature when
the atoms are in disorder point in random directions this equates to high PME.
The amount of PME in any degaussed core is a good question. I wish there was
such a PME meter, lol. All we can know is there will always be some amount of
PME unless the core is at absolute zero Kelvin and the entire core is fully
saturated, as such a fully saturated core equals zero PME. So we have an array
of magnets, that are somewhat rotating due to our simulated temperature. We
would see domains if our grid of magnets is large enough. So if imagine a coil
wrapped around and through the middle of the grid to form a typical toroid and
applied enough current we would see all the magnets flip to form one big closed
loop. This closed loop would be close to zero PME, but not zero PME unless all
the magnets were still. Now that PME energy went somewhere! It turns out as the
magnets flip they will oscillate/ping until they dissipate their energy. In this
case the friction of air and the swivel would consume the energy if we left the
magnets alone. In real life the ferro atoms emit radiation up to a few GHz's,
which is one way they release this energy, and also by atomic friction. So the
question is, how do we capture some of that energy. This is where I've gone over
this too many times in my head, and it really seems legit. If we quickly pulse
the core so a high percentage of ferro atoms are rotate/flip at the same time
then we have a coherent pulse. Now normally temperature fights us. It is
temperature that constantly breaks X ferro atomic bonds per unit of time. One
thing interesting about temperature is that it has no preference in which
direction it applies a rotational force. In one atom it may knock it clockwise.
In another atom it may knock it counterclockwise. So as an avalanche of atoms
are rotating, the temperature on average does not hinder or aid such
rotations/flips. Although there is atomic friction, but that's a limit of
material type. Essentially temperature is like a nag, that picks away at the
bonds. A bad analogy is a can filled with water that has a lot of tiny holes.
The water leaks out of the holes at a certain rate. The holes would represent
temperature. So in this poor analogy, it's better to quickly fill the bucket.
Lets go back to analyzing the array of magnets on a board. If we quickly pulse
the magnets to create a coherent pulse then at approximately half way during the
rotation/flip this entire process will be ***self-sustaining!*** IOW, the
magnets will angularly accelerate to alignment. Now obviously if we sit around
and let temperature nit pick our magnet bonds we'll lose it. So, at the point
(somewhere near half the rotation process) we switch from forcing the flip to
extracting energy. So this one big flip generates a large EMP.
The above theory sounds simple. Time will tell as I begin to test the theory.
Experience and simulations tells me that an *internal* pulse inside magnetic
material is quickly absorbed, especially at high frequencies. Also, it could be
difficult to create an efficient circuit to allow rapid short duration high
energetic pulses.
Getting into more details, I came up with various methods to increase the
efficiency of collecting PME. One is to nearly saturate the core. Consider a
fully saturated core. Note that it would be difficult for an electromagnetic
field to flip the ferro atoms because it's saturated. Simulations indicate
nearly saturated cores absorb less internal radiation.
Other possibilities include using eddy currents to slow the flip rate. So
materials that have appreciable low electrical resistance such as Metglas could
greatly drop the flip rate, thereby making it easier to design an appropriate
circuit. One nice thing about Metglas cores is they allow micro eddy currents,
but prevent macro eddy currents because they use extremely thin laminated sheets.
Another advantage is material with high permeability such a Metglas.
On a more technical note, I've theorized, but could be wrong that smaller
domains possess more room for internal disorder. Well, nanocrystalline and
amorphous cores have very small domains, or so I'm told, which agrees with my
theory. There's a paper that shows a nanocrystalline and amorphous core
possessing extraordinarily high MCE well below Curie temperature. Since MCE is a
factor of internal disorder it makes sense such a core has high internal
disorder. Metglas cores are nanocrystalline and amorphous.
... Saturated cores, micro eddy currents, ultra high permeability, micro but no
macro eddy currents, small domains ... it's starting to sound like the MEG.
Notice the MEG uses permanent magnets, which would bring the material close to
saturation.
As for the MEMM ... actually I was never fond of that name and have thought of
other possibilities such as BEFREE (By Electricity Free Recyclable Energy).
Anyhow, there are various designs. The first was something almost exactly like
the MEG. Other simple versions were described at peswiki. Still the simplest
design is a toroid-like-transformer with a zener diode & load circuitry on the
secondary matched to conduct and draw power at approximately half way in to the
primary pulse. The primary delivers a quick energetic pulse at the correct
duration (depending on material type) the cause a significant coherent group
magnetic avalanche in the entire toroid. At a certain point, approximately half
the average avalanche flip duration, the avalanche flip is self sustained due to
PME (Potential Magnetic Energy), in which case the primary shuts off and the
voltage breaks down the zener diode thereby allowing the secondary circuit to
absorb as much PME as possible.
More complex MEMM designs would include a magnet to bring the material close to
saturation thereby decreasing the materials ability to absorb the high frequency
PME radiation. Furthermore the magnet helps in other areas such as guiding the
magnetic avalanches to prevent the ferromagnetic atoms from precessing-- an
effect IBM recently discovered.
Again, the MEMM designs are untested. What is know through my experiments is
that PME is real. Now we just need to find an efficient design to capture such
PME. Hopefully those who were working on the MEG can continue so that I can
continue with the simulation program, which when complete will be an unmatched
aid in finding a design to allow cheap and common cores such as silicon iron
capture such PME efficiently enough to overcome the great losses associated with
high speed energetic pulses.
Regards,
Paul Lowrance