Easy Harmony Et6

[Roman Bayramdurdiyev]

Thislesson deals with the triads and seventh chords found in the key of C major. The chord labels (based on the baroque system of figured bass or Basso continuo) are relevant to the triads and seventh chords of all major keys, making it a wonderfully diverse system. As the building blocks of music harmony, chords are best studied in their simplest form in order to understand their use in music. So without further ado, I present to you An Introduction to Chords in Music!

When it comes down to it, lots of harmonies are sung in the interval of a 3rd. What is an interval? An interval is simply the distance between two notes. We could have a large interval like a 7th or a small interval like a 2nd. Once creates the interval of a 3rd by skipping over one of the notes in the scale. For example, if the melody were on the 1 note, a 3rd above that would be the 3 note. In the key of C, this would be the equivalent of singing C and E. If the melody were on 2 then a 3rd above would be 4. If the melody were on a 7 the 3rd below would be a 5. You can create a 3rd above the melody or below the melody. Watch the video at 4:16 for some demonstrations. Training your ear to hear 3rds is a great place to start when it comes to finding your own harmony parts. You will simply find a 3rd above or below the melody and then try to follow the melody staying a 3rd apart from it. This method can work on parts of the melody, but sometimes it may clash with the chords and you may need to sing the interval of a 4th at those points.

I advise that you drill all of the intervals up to an octave so that you are familiar with how each one sounds. There are many ways you can practice getting these into your ear. You can check out my favorite way over in the Harmony Challenge. If you want to take your harmony singing to the next level, it is very important to know all of the intervals so that when they show up in songs you can pick them out quickly.

I am quite capable of singing the lead vocal but have a difficult time finding the 3rd or 5th harmony in order to harmonize with someone else. Is there a method of learning to hear or find the harmony notes in order to be able to sing them or must this ability be a God given gift?

You didn't specify what type of context you're planning on singing harmony in (a choir? a home studio? a band? just driving around in the car?), nor what your current level of musical knowledge/experience is (Do you play any instruments? Can you read music? Do you know any music theory? Have you done any ear training?). Both of these factors will influence the answer to some degree. But here are some tips that might help you:

Sing frequently...They say practice makes perfect. You should try singing harmony as often as you can, and at every opportunity you get. This will give you lots of chance to experiment with trying things in different ways. This is probably the most important thing you can do.

With other people...If you haven't already, try finding someone else who sings a harmony part well, and try to follow their lead. Listen to what they're doing and try to match what they do. This is useful in a choir setting, where you've got other people around singing the same part.

From written music...If you can at all, try singing the part from written music notation. This will allow you to look at the notes and form a correlation between the graphical notes on the page, and the audible notes that you hear. You aren't listening for absolute notes ("that's a D"), so much as for relative contours ("this part goes up, then jumps down low") and general ranges ("notes above this line feel high to me").

While actively listening.Whenever you have time to listen to music, do not just listen passively, to the superficial sound of the music. Really listen "deeply" or "actively" -- try to hear all the intricate details in the music. What is the bass line doing? What is the rhythm. Are the any countermelodies or little riffs? If you can do this while reading through the written music (as above), so much the better. That little countermelody that you just heard... stop the recording and try to sing it back without the melody. This may involve rewinding and replaying several times.

Now, if you're singing material for which you don't have the score, than listening is even more super-important, because you will have to learn to improvise a harmony. This isn't as hard as it sounds, but it depends on being very aware of what is going on in the music around you.

Find the tonic (key note) and the dominant (fifth)If you can find the 1st and 5th notes of the scale you're in (also called the tonic and dominant, or 'do' and 'so'), you can often use those notes as anchor points in your harmony, as they tend to sound the most stable, and be the easiest to find. All the other notes in the scale (except one) are within a step of these two notes, so if you can find one, and it isn't the right note, chances are good that you can go up or down a step to find a good note.

Practice with an instrumentFirst try playing some random series of notes on an instrument (probably not a woodwind or brass, and stay in a single key, and move stepwise), and try singing in unison with it. Then try singing in parallel thirds, fourths, fifths, and sixths. To do this, play the starting note of the instrument part (such as a C), then play the starting note of the singing part (such as an E), to get it in your head, then while singing this pitch, go back and play the C. Do this a couple of times. Now move your voice, and the note on the instrument, each up one scale degree (playing C goes to D, while singing E goes to F). Then bring them both back down one. Try repeating that a couple of times. Then try bringing them down one and back up. Repeat both of those a few times until you're comfortable. Then try expanding your range beyond that, scalewise at first, then gradually by small intervals. For a really Medieval Church sound, try doing it with fifths.

No single melody is likely to be harmonized completely in a single interval, but by doing this exercise, you're getting used to the feel of singing something other than what's being played, and getting used to the sound of consonant intervals. This ties back in with the ear training, and with learning music theory should you happen to do so (theory's not strictly necessary to sing harmony, but it certainly doesn't hurt, especially just the basics).

The simplest harmony part is a third harmony -- that is, whatever the melody part is, you sing a third higher, within the major or minor scale of the key signature. Because of how major and minor scales work, sometimes you'll be 4 semitones higher than the melody, and sometimes 3 semitones higher.

Many choirs use sol-fa to teach harmony parts, and this works well. Because moveable sol-fa is diatonic, working out the harmony part is easy -- if the melody goes do-re-mi, the harmony goes mi-fa-so. If you're used to singing from sol-fa, you can read that part and sing it straight away.

Keep doing this with more and more songs. It will become easier the more you do it. Over time you will find that the preparation becomes more and more easy, and eventually you'll find that you don't need to prepare at all -- you'll be able to harmonise to a known melody on-the-fly.

One key concept in singing harmony is knowing what chord you're singing. You can't always just sing a third or a fifth. For example, if the melody note is an E and you want to sing one chord tone below that, the note you sing could be:

Of course, you don't have to know any theory in order to sing harmony. I'd wager a vast majority of singers have no knowledge of theory whatsoever. But after singing for decades and learning more theory as I go, I've found harmony singing to be a blend of doing it by ear and analyzing the harmonic structure. For many years I did it strictly by ear. But learning theory has made me much better at building harmony lines.

Sing arpeggios for common chords and recognize the third and fifth to begin with. Listen to the end of Twist and Shout from the Beatles and you will hear how harmony works. Each voice comes in right after each other building the chord.

One thing to help your harmony singing skills is to begin understanding and recognizing intervals. This will really begin to strengthen your ear! One trick is to match certain intervals with popular tunes. I will give just a couple examples here.

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