Advanced Calculus By P.m. Fitzpatrick Pdf

[Jacinda Saleeby]

Ecologyand Evolutionary Biology is a broad discipline that seeks to understand the origins, diversity, and distribution of organisms. The Department offers a very wide range of courses that deal with biological diversity, conservation biology, molecular evolution, population and quantitative genetics, genomics, animal behaviour, population, community, and ecosystem ecology, evolutionary and ecological theory, environmental biology, and systematics. Students exposed to these subjects come to realize that the ecological and evolutionary underpinnings of life present a host of scientific problems that are both intellectually challenging and critical to our future.

The Department offers six programs: a Specialist program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Major programs in Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Environmental Biology; and two Minor programs in Environmental Biology. The Department also jointly offers programs with other departments: Specialist, Major, and Minor programs in Biology (with Cell & Systems Biology), and a Major program in Genome Biology (with Cell & Systems Biology and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology).

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates biological, chemical, and physical sciences to study human interactions with their environment. The Environmental Biology Major (8 FCEs) provides a broad background in biology that is essential to understand the impact of humans on other organisms and their environments. It provides students with an understanding of ecology, the diversity and function of living organisms, the physical and chemical environment, and the ways organisms interact with, and affect, ecosystem processes. Students are exposed to ecosystem management, issues related to environmental change, and the consequences of interactions between humans and the environment.

The two Environmental Biology Minor programs (4 FCEs) offer students an introduction to ecology, evolution, environmental biology, and organismal diversity. One Environmental Biology Minor program is offered jointly with the National University of Singapore): students complete 2.0 FCEs at the University of Toronto and 2.0 FCEs on exchange in Singapore, including a field course (NUS342H0) in tropical conservation biology. The courses at the National University of Singapore that are available to students in all EEB programs are listed below in this section of the Calendar, and are given NUS course descriptors (and not EEB).

Students interested in law, economics, policy, or environmental studies may choose to pair their Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Major with another Major, such as Economics, Environmental Ethics, or Environmental Studies (all three are Arts program), or Science programs (e.g., Environment programs).

This program has unlimited enrolment and no specific admission requirements. All students who have completed at least 4.0 courses are eligible to enrol. Consult Undergraduate Office in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

This Type 3 minor program represents a unique opportunity to study environmental biology in a different cultural environment. For more information, contact the Centre for International Experience (cie.utoronto.ca).

Scientific study of marine life and the marine environment. Physical characteristics of oceans, marine habitats and ecosystems, diversity of marine life and their adaptations to marine environments, impact of human activities and management systems. (Co-listed as LSM 4261 at National University of Singapore)

The impact of habitat loss on biodiversity, conservation management strategies, ecological theory of conservation, socio-economic issues, and conservation options and challenges, especially in SE Asia. (Co-listed as LSM 4262 at National University of Singapore)

Introduction to field biology including sampling design and execution, data management and analysis. Includes a 7-day field experience (currently on Pulau Tioman, Malaysia) with trips to coastal, mangrove and freshwater habitats, and primary and secondary forests. Students will work in small groups to conduct mini-projects. (Co-listed as LSM 4263 at National University of Singapore)

The relationships that organisms have with each other and with the environment. Key concepts and ultimate and proximate explanations of animal interactions and other life history characteristics, with examples from diverse animals and ecological systems. Students also evaluate contemporary literature on relevant current issues. (Co-listed as LSM 4253 at National University of Singapore)

Aspects of current environmental change and its effects on biological systems, including rising carbon-dioxide concentrations, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and eutrophication. Global warming, land-use changes, invasive species, fire, carbon sequestration, carbon mitigation, and global (macro) ecology. Classroom projects, discussions, and debates. (Co-listed as LSM 3272 at National University of Singapore)

An examination of the physiological and biochemical adaptations of animals which permit them to thrive in diverse environments. Focuses on how animals adapt to natural (e.g., oxygen availability, salinity changes, water availability) and anthropogenic (e.g., greenhouse effect, UV radiation and oxidative stresses, xenobiotics) environmental challenges. Includes applications to biomedicine, agriculture, ecology, and environmental conservation. (Co-listed as LSM 3262 at National University of Singapore)

An introduction to the study of inland waters. Lectures, directed readings and discussions, field trips, and project work focus on aquatic biodiversity and ecology, aquatic conservation, freshwater ecosystem services, threats to freshwaters, anthropogenic effects, sustainable water use, invasive species, and policies, regulation and management of freshwater resources in local and international contexts. (Co-listed as LSM 4264 at National University of Singapore)

Principles and concepts of evolution and ecology related to origins of adaptation and biodiversity. Mechanisms and processes driving biological diversification illustrated from various perspectives using empirical and theoretical approaches. Topics include: genetic diversity, natural selection, speciation, physiological, population, and community ecology, maintenance of species diversity, conservation, species extinction, global environmental change, and invasion biology. (Lab Materials Fee: $25).

Applications of mathematics to biological problems in physiology, genetics, evolution, growth, population dynamics, cell biology, ecology, and behaviour. Mathematical topics include: power functions and regression; exponential and logistic functions; binomial theorem and probability; calculus, including derivatives, max/min, integration, areas, integration by parts, substitution; differential equations, including linear constant coefficient systems; dynamic programming; Markov processes; and chaos. This course is intended for students in Life Sciences.

Dynamics of genetic and ecological change in biological systems, from genomes to ecosystems. Evolutionary genetic and ecological perspectives on wide-ranging topics including disease, aging, sexual conflict, genetics of human differences, conservation, and global climate change. Applications of evolutionary, ecological, and molecular-genetic principles and processes. Responsibilities of human societies in a changing world. (Lab Materials Fee: $25).

Introduction to structure, function, and ecology of vegetative and reproductive processes in plants with a focus on flowering plants and gymnosperms. Lectures and labs emphasize photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition, transport processes, patterns of plant growth and development, the role of hormones in development, photomorphogenesis, and plant reproduction. (Lab Materials Fee: $25).

The importance of plants to society. Topics include: plant biology, domestication of crop plants, plant breeding and genetic engineering, biological invasions, conservation, biodiversity and genetic resources, ecological implications of advances in modern plant science, macroevolution of plants, forest utilization. For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

Introduction to the diversity of living organisms, including microorganisms, fungi, plants, and animals, with an emphasis on evolution, ecology, and conservation. For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

Evolution and adaptation through natural selection. Concepts and application based on faunal life goals of habitat survival, food acquisition, predator avoidance, and reproduction. Topics include: speciation, mutation, co-evolution, symbiosis, pollination, cannibalism, parasitism, eusociality, and sexual and parental conflict. Essays, debates, and reading required. For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

Introduction to the scientific discipline that deals with threatened species and habitats. Topics include: biodiversity, extinction, threats, demography, genetic diversity, protecting, managing and restoring ecosystems (e.g., nature reserves, captive breeding, conservation corridors), sustainable development, and global warming. Ties between the study of conservation biology and environmental law, economics, and policy will also be covered. For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

A statistics course designed especially for life science students, using examples from ecology and evolution where appropriate. Students learn to choose and use statistics that are appropriate to address relevant biological questions and hypotheses. Lectures and computer labs will be used to cover the following methods: sampling and experimental design, data exploration, correlation, regression, ANOVA, Chi-square, and non-parametric tests.

This multidisciplinary course draws on elements from geology, soil science, and ecology to understand past and present environments and human impacts on landscapes and ecosystems. Emphasis on the structure, functioning and connectivity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Field trips and labs. Mandatory weekend day-long field trip (total cost about $20). (Lab Materials Fee: $25).

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