angujane sandir fenian

[Juanjo Pollreisz]

My husband and I are quite selective about what our children watch. In fact, they don't watch any live television, but they've seen their share of Pixar films. For entertainment and language comprehension, though, my four-year-old daughter and I occasionally watch French cartoons on YouTube while her little brother naps. Here are my top four favorite French cartoons (dessins anims) for young children, selected for their clear language, amusing and age-appropriate plots, and entertainment value:

Trotro is a young donkey character originally from children's books by Bndicte Guettier. The three- to four-minute TV episodes revolve around his interactions with his parents, his friends Lili and Boubou, and Nana, his curly-haired love interest. The episodes only date from 2004 but their simple animation makes them seem like a nostalgic cartoon from your own childhood. You'll find a list of all the episodes in order at Planet Jeunesse. YouTube also includes episodes translated into German.

Lo is a two-year-old boy with a stuffed monkey ("Popi"), both characters originally from Helen Oxenbury's Tom and Pippo book series from the late 80s and 90s. What I appreciate about the animated series is the clear and descriptive narration, which is a great example of how to use French with children who aren't speaking yet. The two-minute episodes have prompted the sale of many stuffed Popi dolls in France as well as subscriptions to Popi magazine, which is great for toddlers--you'll find my review here).

Hands down, T'Choupi is my daughter's favorite French cartoon. T'Choupi is a penguin-like boy created by Thierry Courtin in the 1990s. His book series has sold more than 6 million copies and inspired a full-length film in 2004. (The books are good for learning basic vocabulary as they usually include a brief visual dictionary of the nouns used.) Doudou (a generic French term for a soft, cuddy toy) is the animated teddy bear who accompanies T'Choupi on his adventures along with Pilou and Lalou.

Had I grown up in a Francophone environment, I'm sure Petit Ours Brun would have been part of my childhood memories. Dating from 1975, Petit Ours Brun was originally a character for Pomme d'Api magazine. While I find the episodes simplistic, the stories are perfect for reading to babies and toddlers. (You can also find his stories in Popi magazine, mentioned above.)

Charlie Hebdo (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-smallfont-size:85%.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-smallfont-size:100%French pronunciation: [ʃaʁli ɛbdo]; meaning Charlie Weekly) is a French satirical weekly magazine,[4] featuring cartoons,[5] reports, polemics, and jokes. The publication has been described as anti-racist,[6] sceptical,[7] secular, libertarian[8] and within the tradition of left-wing radicalism,[9][10] publishing articles about the far-right (especially the French nationalist National Front party),[11] religion (Catholicism, Islam and Judaism), politics and culture.

The magazine has been the target of three terrorist attacks: in 2011, 2015, and 2020. All of them were presumed to be in response to a number of cartoons that it published controversially depicting Muhammad. In the second of these attacks, 12 people were killed, including publishing director Charb and several other prominent cartoonists.

Charlie Hebdo first appeared in 1970 after the monthly Hara-Kiri magazine was banned for mocking the death of former French president Charles de Gaulle.[12] In 1981, publication ceased, but the magazine was resurrected in 1992. The magazine is published every Wednesday, with special editions issued on an unscheduled basis.

In 1960, Georges "Professeur Choron" Bernier and Franois Cavanna launched a monthly magazine entitled Hara-Kiri.[14] Choron acted as the director of publication and Cavanna as its editor. Eventually Cavanna gathered together a team which included Roland Topor, Fred, Jean-Marc Reiser, Georges Wolinski, Gb, and Cabu. After an early reader's letter accused them of being "dumb and nasty" ("bte et mchant"), the phrase became an official slogan for the magazine and made it into everyday language in France.

Hara-Kiri was briefly banned in 1961, and again for six months in 1966. A few contributors did not return along with the newspaper, such as Gb, Cabu, Topor, and Fred. New members of the team included Delfeil de Ton [fr], Pierre Fournier [fr], and Willem.

In November 1970, the former French president Charles de Gaulle died in his home village of Colombey-les-Deux-glises, eight days after a disaster in a nightclub, the Club Cinq-Sept fire, which had caused the death of 146 people. The magazine released a cover spoofing the popular press's coverage of this disaster, headlined "Tragic Ball at Colombey, one dead."[14] As a result, the weekly was banned.

In order to sidestep the ban, the editorial team decided to change its title, and used Charlie Hebdo.[2] The new name was derived from a monthly comics magazine called Charlie (later renamed Charlie Mensuel, meaning Charlie Monthly), which had been started by Bernier and Delfeil de Ton in 1969. The monthly Charlie took its name from the lead character of one of the comics it originally published, Peanuts's Charlie Brown. Using that title for the new weekly magazine was also an inside joke about Charles de Gaulle.[16][17][18] The first issue featured a Peanuts strip, as the editors were fans of the series.[19]

In 1991, Gb, Cabu, and others were reunited to work for La Grosse Bertha, a new weekly magazine resembling Charlie Hebdo, created in reaction to the First Gulf War and edited by singer and comedian Philippe Val. However, the following year, Val clashed with the publisher, who wanted apolitical humour, and was fired. Gb and Cabu walked out with him and decided to launch their own paper again. The three called upon Cavanna, Delfeil de Ton, and Wolinski, requesting their help and input. After much searching for a new name, the obvious idea of resurrecting Charlie Hebdo was agreed on. The new magazine was owned by Val, Gb, Cabu, and singer Renaud. Val was editor; Gb was publication director.

The publication of the new Charlie Hebdo began in July 1992 amidst much publicity. The first issue under the new publication sold 100,000 copies. Choron, who had fallen out with his former colleagues, tried to restart a weekly Hara-Kiri, but its publication was short-lived. Choron died in January 2005.

On 26 April 1996, Franois Cavanna, Charb and Philippe Val filed 173,704 signatures, obtained in eight months, with the aim of banning the political party Front National, since it would have contravened the articles 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.[21]

In 2000, journalist Mona Chollet was sacked after she had protested against a Philippe Val article which called Palestinians "non-civilised".[22] In 2004, following the death of Gb, Val succeeded him as director of publication, while still holding his position as editor.[23]

Controversy arose over the publication's edition of 9 February 2006. Under the title "Mahomet dbord par les intgristes" ("Muhammad overwhelmed by fundamentalists"), the front page showed a cartoon of a weeping Muhammad saying "C'est dur d'tre aim par des cons" ("it's hard being loved by jerks"). The newspaper reprinted the twelve cartoons of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy and added some of their own. Compared to a regular circulation of 100,000 sold copies, this edition enjoyed great commercial success. 160,000 copies were sold and another 150,000 were in print later that day.

In response, French President Jacques Chirac condemned "overt provocations" which could inflame passions. "Anything that can hurt the convictions of someone else, in particular religious convictions, should be avoided," Chirac said. The Grand Mosque of Paris, the Muslim World League and the Union of French Islamic Organisations (UOIF) sued, claiming the cartoon edition included racist cartoons.[25] A later edition contained a statement by a group of twelve writers warning against Islamism.[26]

The suit by the Grand Mosque and the UOIF reached the courts in February 2007. Publisher Philippe Val contended "It is racist to imagine that they can't understand a joke," but Francis Szpiner, the lawyer for the Grand Mosque, explained the suit: "Two of those caricatures make a link between Muslims and Muslim terrorists. That has a name and it's called racism."[27]

Future president Nicolas Sarkozy sent a letter to be read in court expressing his support for the ancient French tradition of satire.[28] Franois Bayrou and future president Franois Hollande also expressed their support for freedom of expression. The French Council of the Muslim Faith (CFCM) criticised the expression of these sentiments, claiming that they were politicising a court case.[29]

On 22 March 2007, executive editor Val was acquitted by the court.[30] The court followed the state attorney's reasoning that two of the three cartoons were not an attack on Islam, but on Muslim terrorists, and that the third cartoon with Muhammad with a bomb in his turban should be seen in the context of the magazine in question, which attacked religious fundamentalism.[31]

In November 2011, the newspaper's office in the 20th arrondissement[32][33] was fire-bombed and its website hacked. The attacks were presumed to be linked to its decision to rename the edition of 3 November 2011 "Charia Hebdo", with Muhammad listed as the "editor-in-chief".[34] The cover, featuring a cartoon of Muhammad saying: "100 lashes of the whip if you don't die laughing" by Luz (Rnald Luzier), had circulated on social media for a couple of days.

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