S10 Bootloader Unlock

[Juanjo Pollreisz]

Abootloader, also spelled as boot loader[1][2] or called bootstrap loader, is a computer program that is responsible for booting a computer. If it also provides an interactive menu with multiple boot choices then it's often called a boot manager.[2]

Some earlier computer systems, upon receiving a boot signal from a human operator or a peripheral device, may load a very small number of fixed instructions into memory at a specific location, initialize at least one CPU, and then point the CPU to the instructions and start their execution. These instructions typically start an input operation from some peripheral device (which may be switch-selectable by the operator). Other systems may send hardware commands directly to peripheral devices or I/O controllers that cause an extremely simple input operation (such as "read sector zero of the system device into memory starting at location 1000") to be carried out, effectively loading a small number of boot loader instructions into memory; a completion signal from the I/O device may then be used to start execution of the instructions by the CPU.

Smaller computers often use less flexible but more automatic boot loader mechanisms to ensure that the computer starts quickly and with a predetermined software configuration. In many desktop computers, for example, the bootstrapping process begins with the CPU executing software contained in ROM (for example, the BIOS of an IBM PC or an IBM PC compatible) at a predefined address (some CPUs, including the Intel x86 series, are designed to execute this software after reset without outside help). This software contains rudimentary functionality to search for devices eligible to participate in booting, and load a small program from a special section (most commonly the boot sector) of the most promising device, typically starting at a fixed entry point such as the start of the sector.

In floppy and superfloppy volume boot records, up to 59 bytes are occupied for the extended BIOS parameter block on FAT12 and FAT16 volumes since DOS 4.0, whereas the FAT32 EBPB introduced with DOS 7.1 requires even 87 bytes, leaving only 423 bytes for the boot loader when assuming a sector size of 512 bytes. Microsoft boot sectors, therefore, traditionally imposed certain restrictions on the boot process. For example, the boot file had to be located at a fixed position in the root directory of the file system and stored within consecutive sectors,[6][7] conditions taken care of by the SYS command and slightly relaxed in later versions of DOS.[7][nb 1] The boot loader was then able to load the first three sectors of the file into memory, which happened to contain another embedded boot loader able to load the remainder of the file into memory.[7] When Microsoft added LBA and FAT32 support, they switched to a boot loader reaching over two physical sectors, using 386 instructions for size reasons. At the same time, other vendors managed to squeeze much more functionality into a single boot sector without relaxing the original constraints on only minimal available memory (32 KiB) and processor support (8088/8086).[nb 2] For example, DR-DOS boot sectors are able to locate the boot file in the FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 file systems, and load it into memory as a whole via CHS or LBA, even if the file is not stored in a fixed location and in consecutive sectors.[8][3][9][10][11][nb 3][nb 2]

Second-stage boot loaders, such as GNU GRUB, rEFInd, BOOTMGR, Syslinux, NTLDR or iBoot, are not themselves operating systems, but are able to load an operating system properly and transfer execution to it; the operating system subsequently initializes itself and may load extra device drivers. The second-stage boot loader does not need drivers for its own operation, but may instead use generic storage access methods provided by system firmware such as the BIOS or Open Firmware, though typically with restricted hardware functionality and lower performance.[12]

Many boot loaders can be configured to give the user multiple booting choices. These choices can include different operating systems (for dual or multi-booting from different partitions or drives), different versions of the same operating system (in case a new version has unexpected problems), different operating system loading options (e.g., booting into a rescue or safe mode), and some standalone programs that can function without an operating system, such as memory testers (e.g., memtest86+), a basic shell (as in GNU GRUB), or even games (see List of PC Booter games).[13] Some boot loaders can also load other boot loaders; for example, GRUB loads BOOTMGR instead of loading Windows directly. Usually, a default choice is preselected with a time delay during which a user can press a key to change the choice; after this delay, the default choice is automatically run so normal booting can occur without interaction.

Many embedded systems must boot immediately. For example, waiting a minute for a digital television or a GPS navigation device to start is generally unacceptable. Therefore, such devices have software systems in ROM or flash memory so the device can begin functioning immediately; little or no loading is necessary, because the loading can be precomputed and stored on the ROM when the device is made.

Large and complex systems may have boot procedures that proceed in multiple phases until finally the operating system and other programs are loaded and ready to execute. Because operating systems are designed as if they never start or stop, a boot loader might load the operating system, configure itself as a mere process within that system, and then irrevocably transfer control to the operating system. The boot loader then terminates normally as any other process would.

Most computers are also capable of booting over a computer network. In this scenario, the operating system is stored on the disk of a server, and certain parts of it are transferred to the client using a simple protocol such as the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). After these parts have been transferred, the operating system takes over the control of the booting process.

As with the second-stage boot loader, network booting begins by using generic network access methods provided by the network interface's boot ROM, which typically contains a Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) image. No drivers are required, but the system functionality is limited until the operating system kernel and drivers are transferred and started. As a result, once the ROM-based booting has completed it is entirely possible to network boot into an operating system that itself does not have the ability to use the network interface.

If possible, please test out our new bootloader and let us know if you have any problems with it. You can do this by downloading the latest version of OpenMV IDE, and then using the Tools->Run Bootloader option to install the latest DFU firmware on your OpenMV Cam. You can grab the latest firmware here. For the OpenMV Cam M4 please select the OMV2/openmv.dfu file.

I have a pair of OpenMV boards. The system I am testing is a Windows 10 64 bit (build 14393). The new IDE (version 1.4.0) found the OpenMV right away. The firmware version updated on the 1st attempt. I followed your guide and downloaded the new firmware, navigated to OPENMV2 and selected openmv.dfu. I disconnected the OpenMV, wired BOOT to RST and reconnected. The download took and I disconnected, removed the Boot wire and re-connected. I forced another reload and all is well. No errors occurred.

1: Attach a wire between RST and BOOT0 pins on the OpenMV Cam.

2: Plug the openmv cam into your computer.

3: Not sure if Mac will let you know anything was plugged in. Anyway, your Mac should detect the OpenMV Cam then.

4: In OpenMV IDE click on the Tools->Run Bootloader option and then select the OPENMV2/OPENMV.DFU file to load from

5: DFU loading should work now. This is assuming you have all the required lib installed which it sounds like you have.

6: Once the DFU uploader re-flashes the firmware you should be good to go with the new bootloader. Now you can test it out.

So, after the board was plugged into your Mac in DFU mode, did you run the DFU bootloader in OpenMV IDE and was that able to work? If you still get USB.core errors then this means that there are still problems with the installed dependencies. Otherwise it should work.

This is not working for me. I have a brand new out of the box RT1062 under Windows 11. It will seem to write the firmware, but then when I try to connect, it comes up with the same message. Wash, rinse, repeat. If I erase the internal file system, it does the same thing. What should I try next?

Thank you for responding so quickly, but I got the same result. The IDE was downloaded today, so I think it should be the latest. Again, this is a new, out of the box unit, so it should have started with the factory reset condition. Interestingly, though, I always get a solid green led. During the enforced factory reset, during the firmware update and when the firmware update is done. This seems odd, I would have expected the LED to change during this process. The IDE does ask about updating the firmware when it is plugged in, but then when it completes, it continues asking over and over. We bought 3 units, so there are two unopened units here. I also have some used, functional H7 units that are opened and used with a past version of the IDE. I have not tried those with this latest IDE. Advice?

I am trying to develop a bootloader for an application that runs on S32K116. I've managed to find an example project of S32K148 bootloader and I read that this can be modified to be used on S32K116. But the problem is I do not know how and what to modify. I could not find any documents or information about the modifying process. I have not worked on bootloader project before hence my bootloader knowledge is limited to what I can find on the internet.

I am developing a bootloader for iMXRT1064 to update the firmware in the inbuilt flash (interfaced through FLEXSPI2). As per my understanding, the bootloader in the bootrom section can be used to perform flash operations (read, erase and program through FLEXSPI2).

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