This looks to me like the MSVC compiler is used for compilation, not the Emscripten compiler wrapper (emcc)
Are you aware of the emcmake wrapper tool, and the cmake toolchain file in the Emscripten SDK? Those can help with building cmake projects in Emscripten, however I doubt that those would simply work with the cmake Visual Studio generator (but maybe it works with the Ninja generator and Visual Studio's new-ish direct cmake support which, instead of Visual Studio solution files).
TL;DR: Visual Studio support might work with some tinkering, but I think it's not a "supported scenario".
This might actually be a more sensible combination to get started:
- use the emcmake wrapper to generate Ninja files