So, continuing this, indeed there is a JS console output after using EMCC_DEBUG=1. It reads
I: SDL_CreateWindow() successful." test_emscripten1.html:1237:12
Error: WebGL: Refused to create ANGLE OpenGL context because of blacklisting. test_emscripten1.js:1:61165
Error: WebGL: Refused to create native OpenGL context because of blacklisting. test_emscripten1.js:1:61165
Error: WebGL: WebGL creation failed. test_emscripten1.js:1:61165
Error: WebGL: Refused to create ANGLE OpenGL context because of blacklisting. test_emscripten1.js:1:61216
Error: WebGL: Refused to create native OpenGL context because of blacklisting. test_emscripten1.js:1:61216
Error: WebGL: WebGL creation failed. test_emscripten1.js:1:61216
"Could not create canvas: ?,:(,{"antialias":true,"alpha":false,"depth":true,"stencil":true,"majorVersion":1,"minorVersion":0}" test_emscripten1.html:1237:12
E: SDL_CreateRenderer Error: Couldn't find matching render driver" test_emscripten1.html:1237:12
The first and last line are my own "std::cout" output (also sent to console). So clearly SDL_CreateRenderer failed, and this because some ANGLE OpenGL context could not be created because of blacklisting.
Some googling showed that happens in FF due to deliberate deactivating older graphics drivers.
Checking the version number (Device Manager), everything looked fine. But then, using "about:support", in the "Graphics" section
"Direct2D Enabled Blocked for your graphics driver version. Try updating your graphics driver to version Nvidia driver > 8.17.12.6901 or newer.
WebGL Renderer Blocked for your graphics driver version. Try updating your graphics driver to version Nvidia driver > 8.17.12.6901 or newer."
while available 8.17.12.6754.
...