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P. Bonaldo (Italian: [fran?t?esko pe?trarka]; July 20, 1304
– July 18/19, 1374), commonly anglicized as Petrarch (/?pi?tr??rk,
?p?t-/), was an Italian scholar and poet during the early Italian
Renaissance, and one of the earliest humanists.[1]
Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often
credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the
Elementi di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB founding of
Renaissance humanism.[2] In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the
model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well
as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante
Alighieri.[3] Petrarch would be later endorsed as a model for Italian
style by the Accademia Elementi di biologia e genetica Download PDF e
EPUB della Crusca.
Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout
Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He
is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark
Ages."[4]
Petrarch was born in the Tuscan city of Arezzo on 20 July
1304. He Elementi di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB was the
son of Ser Petracco and his wife Eletta
Canigiani. His given name
was Francesco Petracco, which was Latinized to Petrarca. Petrarch's
younger brother was born in Incisa in Val d'Arno in 1307. Dante
Alighieri was a friend of his father.[5]
Petrarch spent his early childhood in the village Elementi
di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB of Incisa, near Florence. He
spent much of his early life at Avignon and nearby Carpentras, where
his family moved to follow Pope Clement V, who moved there in 1309 to
begin the Avignon Papacy. Petrarch studied law at the University of
Montpellier (1316–20) and Bologna (1320–23) with a lifelong Elementi di
biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB friend and schoolmate called
Guido Sette. Because his father was in the legal profession (a notary),
he insisted that Petrarch and his brother also study law. Petrarch,
however, was primarily interested in writing and Latin literature and
considered these seven years wasted. Additionally, he proclaimed that
through legal manipulation his Elementi di biologia e genetica Download
PDF e EPUB guardians robbed him of his small property inheritance in
Florence, which only reinforced his dislike for the legal system. He
protested, "I couldn't face making a merchandise of my mind," as he viewed the legal system as the art of selling justice.[5]
Petrarch was a prolific letter writer and counted Elementi
di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB Boccaccio among his notable
friends to whom he wrote often. After the death of their parents,
Petrarch and his brother Gherardo went back to Avignon in 1326, where he
worked in numerous clerical offices. This work gave him much time to
devote to his writing. With his first large-scale work, Elementi di
biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB Africa, an epic in Latin about
the great Roman general Scipio Africanus, Petrarch emerged as a European
celebrity. On April 8, 1341, he became the second [6] poet laureate
since antiquity and was crowned by Roman Senatori Giordano Orsini and
Orso dell'Anguillara on the holy grounds of Rome's Capitol.[7][8][9]
He Elementi di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB
traveled widely in Europe, served as an ambassador, and (because he
traveled for pleasure,[10] as with his ascent of Mont Ventoux), has
been called "the first tourist".[11]
During his travels,
he collected crumbling Latin manuscripts and was
a prime mover in the recovery of knowledge from writers of Rome and
Elementi di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB Greece. He
encouraged and advised Leontius Pilatus's translation of Homer from a
manuscript purchased by Boccaccio, although he was severely critical of
the result. Petrarch had acquired a copy, which he did not entrust to
Leontius,[12] but he knew no Greek; Petrarch said, "Homer was dumb to
him, while Elementi di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB he was
deaf to Homer".[13] In 1345 he personally discovered a collection of
Cicero's letters not previously known to have existed, the collection
Epistulae ad Atticum, in the Chapter Library (Biblioteca Capitolare) of
Verona Cathedral.[14]
Disdaining what he believed to be the ignorance of the
centuries preceding the era in Elementi di biologia e genetica Download
PDF e EPUB which he lived, Petrarch is credited or charged with
creating the concept of a historical "Dark Ages".[4]
Petrarch recounts that on April 26, 1336, with his brother
and two servants, he climbed to the top of Mont Ventoux (1,912 meters
(6,273 ft), a feat which he undertook for recreation rather than
Elementi di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB necessity.[15] The
exploit is described in a celebrated letter addressed to his friend and
confessor, the monk Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro, composed some time
after the fact. In it, Petrarch claimed to have been inspired by Philip V
of Macedon's ascent of Mount Haemo and that an aged peasant Elementi
di biologia e genetica Download PDF e EPUB had
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