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La "Vita nova" si caratterizza per
un'apparente linearità e limpidezza che si è soliti far coincidere con
la narrazione dell'amore tutto ideale di Dante per Beatrice nella forma
mista di prosa e di versi, di realtà e di finzione. Ma dietro questa
superficie rassicurante si nasconde uno dei testi più problematici della
produzione dantesca: le immagini nitide e levigate delle donne gentili
contengono infatti il consuntivo di un ormai concluso apprendistato
poetico assai vario, l'affrancamento dai capiscuola della generazione
precedente, italiani e provenzali, e la promozione di Dante a poeta che
rinnova in modo del tutto originale la visione dell'amore, tema per
eccellenza delle nuove letterature volgari europee.
Dante Alighieri (Italian: [?dante ali??j??ri]), probably
baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri[note 1] and often referred
to simply as Dante (/?d??nte?, ?dænte?, ?dænti/,[2][3] also US:
/?d??nti/,[4]; c.?1265 – 1321), was an Italian poet, writer and
philosopher.[5] His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa (modern
Italian: Commedia) and later christened Divina by Giovanni Scaricare
Vita nova PDF Gratis Boccaccio, is widely considered the most important
poem of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian
language.[6][7]
Dante is known for establishing the use of the vernacular
in literature at a time when most poetry was written in Latin, making it
accessible only to the most Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis educated
readers. His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was
one of the first scholarly defenses of the vernacular. His use of the
Tuscan dialect for works such as The New Life (1295) and Divine Comedy
helped establish the modern-day standardized Italian language, and set a
precedent that Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis important later Italian
writers such as Petrarch and Boccaccio would
follow.
Dante was instrumental in establishing the literature of
Italy, and his depictions of Hell, Purgatory and Heaven provided
inspiration for the larger body of Western art.[8][9] He is cited as an
influence on Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton and Alfred Scaricare Vita
nova PDF Gratis Tennyson, among many others. In addition, the first use
of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is
attributed to him. He is described as the "father" of the Italian
language,[10] and in Italy he is often referred to as il Sommo Poeta
("the Supreme Poet"). Dante, Petrarch, Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis
and Boccaccio are also called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian
literature.
Dante was born in Florence, Republic of Florence, in what
is now Italy. The exact date of his birth is unknown, although it is
generally believed to be around 1265. This can be deduced from
autobiographic allusions Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis in the Divine
Comedy. Its first section, the Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo del cammin di
nostra vita" ("Midway upon the
journey of our life"), implying that
Dante was around 35 years old, since the average lifespan according to
the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and since his imaginary
Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis travel to the netherworld took place in
1300, he was most probably born around 1265. Some verses of the Paradiso
section of the Divine Comedy also provide a possible clue that he was
born under the sign of Gemini: "As I revolved with the eternal twins, I
saw revealed, from Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis hills to river
outlets, the threshing-floor that makes us so ferocious" (XXII 151–154).
In 1265, the sun was in Gemini between approximately May 11 and June 11
(Julian calendar).[11]
Giovanni Boccaccio described Dante's appearance and
demeanor as follows: "the poet was of middle height, and in his later
years he walked Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis somewhat bent over, with
a grave and gentle gait. He was clad always in most seemly attire, such
as befitted his ripe years. His face was long, his nose aquiline,
and his eyes big rather than small. His jaws were large, and his lower
lip protruded. He had a brown Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis
complexion, his hair and beard were thick, black, and curly, and his
countenance was always melancholy and thoughtful."[12]
Dante claimed that his family descended from the ancient
Romans (Inferno, XV, 76), but the earliest relative he could mention by
name was Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), born no earlier
Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis than about 1100. Dante's father,
Alighiero[13] or Alighiero di Bellincione, was a White Guelph who
suffered no reprisals after the Ghibellines won the Battle of Montaperti
in the middle of the 13th century. This suggests that Alighiero or his
family may have enjoyed some protective prestige and status, although
some suggest Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis that the politically
inactive Alighiero was of such low standing that he was not considered
worth exiling.[14]
Dante's family was loyal to the Guelphs, a political
alliance that supported the Papacy and which was involved in complex
opposition to the
Ghibellines, who were backed by the Holy Roman
Emperor. The Scaricare Vita nova PDF Gratis poet's mother was Bella,
probably a member of the Abati family.[13] She
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