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Karla Cassone
Jane: Hello and welcome to episode 102 of On The Ledge podcast, I am your host, Jane Perrone, and I am hoping this is going to be a spine-tingling episode. Well, if not a spine-tingling episode then maybe a skin-tingling episode, because this week we are talking about the king of the houseplant pests, the tiny king, because you can't see it with your naked eye, but nonetheless, this red spider mite has to be one of the most annoying and hard to treat pests on your indoor plants, particularly those of the Maranta group, the Calatheas, Ctenanthes, Stromanthes, and so on.
Jane: Congratulations this week to Nikky Knijfin South Africa, who was the winner of the Mother grow light competition that we ran in episode 100. Well-done Nicky! Your grow light is spinning its way to you now and I really hope you enjoy using it and get lots of pleasure from it. Nicky was so excited when I emailed with the news, so, well done to you and thank you to everybody who entered. I got some lovely messages along with your entries, which is really nice, and it was great to hear from you all. And thanks for all the lovely feedback on episode 101 on spider plants. Yes, I know, spider plants to spider mites, from the sublime to the ridiculous. Ha! That's what we like to do here on On The Ledge podcast.
Welcome to Lisa, Lea and Rod who are all legends this week. That's because they've signed up for the $5 Tier of my Patreon, and not only can they download an exclusive digital artwork, they can also listen to 30 episodes of an Extra Leaf, the additional mini podcasts that I put out for Patreon subscribers at $5 a month or more, and this week they can enjoy me talking about three books that have inspired me, all with a planty theme although not directly about house plants, and they can hear an extended interview with one of the entomologists in today's show about the crazy world of mites. And I'll also be adding an Extra Leaf episode on my ventures with Caladiums in the next few days.
Jane: Spider mites. If the mere mention of the name does not immediately set your teeth on edge, then you haven't experienced the true horror of full-onspider mite infestation. The first time spider mites comes to visit you, you probably won't realise until your plants are looking pretty miserable. The trouble with these tiny creatures is they take up residence without us noticing and hang around doing damage before we know they're there. And even after you've treated the plant they can come back for more when you least expect it. So, I thought I'd start this episode by going on a little tour of my own houseplants checking for any spider mite evidence.
Apologies in advance if it is a little bit noisy because we are having some building work on today but, I couldn't delay because I needed to go on a hunt for spider mites, or in other words, let's all go on a mite hunt, those of you without children may not get that reference, but anyway, we're going to look at my plant and see if there are any spider mites in evidence and my guess is that there will be because spider mites are everywhere. So I'm going to go over here and have a look at my little mini-windowsill ofMaranta group plants. I've got three up here, I got a Ctenanthe and a Calathea makoyana and a Calathea musaica. Now I know that the Ctenanthe has had spider mites in the past, so I think this is probably the number one suspect, and it just seems to be particularly vulnerable. And if you are looking at a Maranta group plant and you want to have an idea of how vulnerable it will be to spider mite, my, well, experiential learning has found that the more papery and thin the leaf is the more likely it is it will suffer from spider mite, so the Musaica calathea, Calathea musaica just seems to have thicker and more leathery leaves that don't seem so prone to infection. And looking at this plant it's a..., I love this, the leaves on this, they're just incredible, it's almost like a barcode. This looks fine, it's clear, it's healthy, it's green. The undersides of the leaves are showing no signs of any kind of residue or dust that may be the indication of spider mite, and similarly the peacock Calathea, which is one that's coming back from being abused, I was given it as a plant that's been suffering a bit, so, this one, even though it's only tiny and has had a difficult early life, if we canput it that way. It got lots of leaf damage but it hasn't got that kind of damage that tells me it's a spider mite. So the leaf damage here is kind of brown into the edges spider, which indicates lack of humidity but not the kind of mottled look that it tends to get with spider mite. And looking at the Ctenanthe I can see that it has had some spider mite damage because, particularly when you hold up the leaves to the light, on the underside you can see it is mottled and that's where the sap is sucked from the plant by the spider mites. So I can see there's been damage and now I'm going to have a really close look at the leaves to see if I can see any current spider mite infestation.
You might not notice the backs of the leaves starting to develop this grainy stuff that is the spider mites and their eggs because it's really quite hard to spot unless you were looking for it, and, but you may notice the overall plant, particularly with this Maranta group, just going to to sink and droop and little miserable, and if that happens, always check for spider mite. If I check for spider, mite, anyway because it's so prevalent, especially this time of the year, and looking at this plant I can see that it's... well... there's a tiny amount of evidence of spider mite right at the point where the leaf blade, the laminar meets the petiole or leaf stem, there is a tiny amount of white stuff, and if I get my magnifying glass out I can see that yes, that is a tiny amount of spider mite damage, so I need to move this plant away from the others and treat it again.
Andrew: Almost certainly the red spider mite hopped over on a plant, but by the time we started looking at these things and people started growing plants more widely it become wide spread, so its actual origins probably aren't, actually that well known.
Jane: So as Jules Howard just explained there, mites, we don't know much about them. Fortunately, the glasshouse red spider mite, which is the pest that causes most, if not all of the damage to your houseplants, is one of the better-studied mites. Why? Because it's of interest to the horticulture community and indeed the industry of horticulture to get this pest under control, because after all, well, having your precious plants covered in spider mites and looking this poor may only cause you emotional stress. For professional growers of plants it really can impact on their livelihood.
So, what do we know about Tetranychus urticae, commonly known as the glasshouse red spider mite or the two-spotted spider mite. Each spider mite lives about four weeks and the females can lay about 10 or 20 eggs every single day. The larvae hatch anything from about 3 days to 2 weeks after they've been laid, and they generally hang out on the underside of leaves and suck sap out of plants cells, and that's why you get the mottled effect, that's where they just suck the life out of a cell and you're left with a very pale patch behind. Obviously this is all happening on a really small scale, hence the mottled effect as the spider mites take hold, the leaf will get more and more pale until eventually it will die. But the rate of expansion of a spider mite infestation can really depend on the conditions in which the plants are kept, as Andrew Salisbury explains.
Jane: Dry heat really is the perfect breeding ground for spider mites, which is why we really struggle at this time of the year when some of our plants can undergo heat stress as temperatures get very high behind the glass in our homes.
As we've already heard, spider mites can come in on plants that we've newly bought, which is why it's really important to not only examine every single plant that you bring into your home very very carefully, but ideally also quarantine them away from your other plants for a few weeks before you introduce them to the gang, because that way you can be sure there are no pests in evidence. I have to admit I don't do this every time, but I have paid the price in the past for not doing it, so if you can, if you've got the room to keep that quarantine area up and running, please do. Although the anything worth saying of spider mites is, bear in mind that although they don't have wings, they can actually float in through your window, and indeed, float from plant to plant if it happens to be a bit of a breeze from an open window or door. Yes, these things are little ninjas.
Jules: Mites are capable of, some species fly around in the wind, particularly the species like spider mites, spider mites that couldn't make silk, you know they can make little silk threads that catch the wind, and as you said, they fly around, and these animals are so prolific in terms of their breeding that if, exponentially increases what their capable of, I mean, only, you know, one or two mites can lead to a whole infestation, you know, after 20 days or so.
Jane: Gives the phrase, 'High and mighty' a whole other meaning. Well, we'll be back with more on 'How to fix the spider mite problem?' after the break, but first let's hear from our ad sponsor this week.
Andrew: Yeah, on the pest side there isn't really a great deal available which will control the... control spider mites, and if you are down to, really things like the SB plant invigorators, the plant oil based products, fatty acids based products, neem oil might be recommended for use in placed like the States, but it's not registered for use in the UK so we can't recommend that it's used. It hasn't beentried, tested and registered for UK use. So really it is... using things like the plant oils, the fatty acids, the organic type of pesticide can help, the systemic neonicotinoid, acetamiprid is also available, but of course there are, you know, people who have concerns with the systemic pesticides these days. Other controls are... there are a range of biological controls, the most famous of which is the Phytoseiulus mite, but on a small collection of plants, houseplants, may not be as effective as in a large glasshouse.
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