Thanks, it was really the runtime.
The path for the elm-runtime in Test.htlm was absolute, but maybe my server for some reasons has no access to my .cabal directory.
I now have placed a copy of elm-runtime.js into my build directory and compile with the -r flag, and it works fine :-)
Evan: It is as Dobes has guesses. I want to build a small interactive web-page with Elm and want to serve it with an already set-up Apache server.
I have no clue how to use elm-server for this, but avoid that the URL of my page contains :8000 (sorry, I'm more in programming than in system administration).
Thanks for the fast answer!