Monopoly Go Cheat Engine

[Brigitta Martini]

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Isaac Asimov and Alan Turing influence the future of computer science in their own ways. Humans create myths, those legends create humanity. An infinite feedback loop of fiction and reality constructing one another.

All machine learning is AI, but not all AI involves machine learning. Conceptually, a few simple conditional statements are an AI. At the Little Tikes: Babies First Ultron level, AIs are rule-based systems; a series of if/than statements that directly make decisions.

The first brut force attempt at a chess AI was built with the goal of winning greatly simplifying the game tree. Even simplified it reportedly took upwards of 30 minutes for Turing to work through the strategy of each move from reams of paper. Ultimately the first chess AI failed to beat a human player.

BCP was programed with the rules of chess, such that neither the computer nor human player could cheat. After that the conditional logic involved the computer examining the state of the squares on the board, and seeking answers to eight questions. Those answers informed what subset of options BCP would analyze.

The Advanced generative chat AIs we are seeing augment search engines are a black box to the public. Generative pre-trained transformers (GPT), like ChatGPT, are created using artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained via deep learning. ANNs structurally mimic how neurons in biological nervous systems operate creating a digital brain. Deep learning trains that digital brain with lots of data, like articles and images.

Most humans could create a unique article about deep learning by finding a few existing articles on the topic, copying, pasting, and rewriting until they have something that appears new. As an imperfect analogy, that is how generative chat AIs work. The input layer is several articles on a given topic. The hidden layers are how the AI processes the information and generates its responses. The output layer is what the AI says.

Had I misattributed the quote, someone could view this article as proof Emerson uttered those words. This is something I call source laundering; when a claim is repeated until finding the origins becomes challenging. Online, we see sources get laundered alarmingly quickly.

Citations are already hard to find due to sheer volume of content. In 1450 there were about a hundred new books published; in 2009, there were more than a million. Those facts come from a song by Pomplamoose, Ben Folds, and Nick Hornby that I first heard in 2010.

It was 13 years later while writing this article that I first tried to find the source for those lyrics. I could not. Searching for sources was a lesson in how facts are lost, information evolves, and how AI is going to amplify these problems.

According to University of Minnesota Libraries, in Europe books were almost entirely hand scribed until the year 1500 but wood block printing began in Tang Dynasty China around 800 years earlier. By 1450 the barrier for printing was low enough in China that perhaps thousands of books were published, nearly all lost to time.

UNESCO is not a source for book publishing data for 2013 in any of the 20 versions of the Wikipedia page I randomly checked. On that page UNESCO is primarily used to say the number of published books is an important metric of a country standard of living.

2,210,000 is the sum of books published from the most recent available year in each of the 119 countries listed on the December 2018 version of the Books published per country per year Wikipedia page. Those years span from 1990 until 2017. ChatGPT told me UNESCO estimated 2.2 million books were printed in 2009, because a human misattributed a source, and the computer is a lying plagiarist.

With rampant and unchecked copyright infringement we will see a feedback loop where AIs are trained by AI generated content. Instead of publishing outrage bait articles where an AI trained with science fiction answers hypothetical questions about how it will end humanity, perhaps we should be talking about how humanity is stepping on an AI rake.

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