Matrix Windows Activator

[Lucrecio Houle]

A matrix is a dataset of Z values arranged as an array of columns and rows which are linearly mapped to X and Y values.Limitations, MatrixThe following table summarizes some important matrixbook limits:

Matrix ObjectsLike the workbook window, the matrixbook window is created from a customizable template (.otmu file). The matrix template stores such things as number of sheets in the book, the names of the matrixsheets, matrix dimensions, data type, math functions, data import handling instructions as well as various style and format options.

When you create a new matrixbook, the book is named MBookN, with N reflecting the order of window creation. Appended to the book name, you will see something like ":1/3" where the first integer denotes the active matrix object and the second denotes the number of matrix objects in the active matrixsheet. Following the above example, if you click the yellow object icon to the right side of the matrix, the menu shows three matrix objects with the first being the active one - the one with a check mark placed beside it (note that in our illustration, the objects are empty).

You can right-click on a worksheet tab and Add Matrix as Sheet and insert a matrixbook into a workbook. This is useful when building Analysis Templates that involve matrix-based operations such as 3D surface fitting or 3D plotting operations.

Prior to Origin 2018, an Origin matrixbook could have a maximum of 255 sheets. That number is now increased to 1024. When you have more than 255 sheets in a book, you will need to save the file using one of the new Unicode-compliant formats (opju, ogmu, etc).

A matrixbook can have up to 1024 matrixsheets. The default matrixbook template - ORIGIN.otmu - has a single matrixsheet containing 32 rows and 32 columns. Each matrixsheet can differ in dimensions(number of rows and columns and X & Y range).

A matrixsheet can contain up to 65,504 matrix objects, though the actual limit is likely to be far less (determined by system resources). Objects in a sheet share the same X/Y dimensions and column (X) and row (Y) headers, but every object can have its own Z header. Other matrix object properties include internal data type and numeric display options.

Origin has two structures for importing multi-frame images -- the matrix window and the Image window. The matrix window is better-suited to performing data analysis tasks (e.g. surface fitting, statistics, mathematic transformations of data, etc.) and some graphing operations, but take note of the following:

GeoTIFF is a public-domain image format that stores spatial information in a TIFF file and which has applications in mapping. Origin supports import of GeoTIFF files to both matrices and Image windows.

This creates an image plot and opens the Image/Contour Profile dialog box. Use the dialog box to specify X and/or Y profile plots and the location and appearance of the cross-sectional lines. Note that this dialog box is interactive. You can make adjustments to your image profile -- move the cross-sectional lines or change the configuration or the appearance of the plots -- without closing the dialog box. After closed the dialog box, a button Profiles...will appear at the right-top corner of graph window, which can be used to reopen the Image/Contour Profiles dialog.

The selected palettes and missing value color will apply to all matrix objects in the active matrix sheet, but will not change the palettes and missing value colors of objects in other matrix sheets in the same matrix window.

This copies the Z values in the matrix to a worksheet with no reordering. If the matrix consists of M rows by N columns of Z values, this method produces a worksheet which has M rows and N columns. By default, the X and Y coordinates of the matrix Z values are not copied to the worksheet. You can opt to copy X coordinates to the 1st worksheet row or a parameter row and the Y coordinates to the 1st worksheet column.

When there is a single matrix object, this method produces a worksheet with three columns: X,Y, and Z, with X and Y columns containing the X and Y coordinate values and the Z column containing the matrix Z value at each XY coordinate.

Matrix, VirtualVirtual MatrixData arranged in a block of worksheet cells can be treated as a "virtual matrix". As is the case with regular matrix data, virtual matrix data can be used to create 3D plots, such as color mapped surfaces or contour plots. The data can include a column or label row with the X or Y values. Unlike a regular matrix which only supports a linear spacing in the X and Y dimensions, a virtual matrix supports irregular spacing of X and Y coordinate values (provided those values are in ascending or descending order).

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Proteolytic remodeling of the extracellular matrix occurs normally during development and pathologically in arthritis, tumor metastasis, wound healing, and angiogenesis. The major extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases belong to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and plasminogen activator gene families. Intracerebral injection of 72-kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase A) opens the blood-brain barrier. During hemorrhagic brain injury or intracerebral injection of proinflammatory cytokines, endogenous production of 92-kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase B) occurs. The gelatinase B gene contains a phorbol ester responsive region (TRE) that binds AP-1 proteins, including c-Fos/c-Jun dimer, the early immediate response gene products. Maximum production of gelatinase B in injury occurs between 16 and 24 h, making this a late effector gene. The serine proteinase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is also produced at that time. Gelatinases and plasminogen activators work in concert to disrupt basement membranes proteolytically. A similar process opens the blood-brain barrier after ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury, leading to secondary vasogenic brain edema. Delayed damage by proteolytic cascade enzymes provides opportunities for treatment much later than had been thought possible. Potential treatments possible in this second therapeutic window include interfering with the genes that produce the MMPs or inhibiting the action of the gene products.

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Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Abstract: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. The only approved treatment for ischemic stroke is thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), though this approach often leads to a severe complication: hemorrhagic transformation (HT). The pathophysiology of HT in response to tPA is complex and not fully understood. However, numerous scientific findings suggest that the enzymatic activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in brain tissue play a crucial role. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the functioning of various MMPs at different stages of ischemic stroke development and their association with HT. We also discuss the mechanisms that underlie the effect of tPA on MMPs as the main cause of the adverse effects of thrombolytic therapy. Finally, we describe recent research that aimed to develop new strategies to modulate MMP activity to improve the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. The ultimate goal is to provide more targeted and personalized treatment options for patients with ischemic stroke to minimize complications and improve clinical outcomes. Keywords: ischemic stroke; thrombolytic therapy; tissue plasminogen activator; hemorrhagic transformation; matrix metalloproteinases

Babenko VA, Fedulova KS, Silachev DN, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Kalyuzhnaya YN, Demyanenko SV, Plotnikov EY. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Hemorrhagic Transformation in the Treatment of Stroke with Tissue Plasminogen Activator. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(7):1175.

Babenko, Valentina A., Ksenia S. Fedulova, Denis N. Silachev, Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam, Yulia N. Kalyuzhnaya, Svetlana V. Demyanenko, and Egor Y. Plotnikov. 2023. "The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Hemorrhagic Transformation in the Treatment of Stroke with Tissue Plasminogen Activator" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 7: 1175.

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