Logically, it would seem you should be able to adjust / adapt peer grading to use for manual grading by course admins, but a quick scan of documents found by "edX peer assesment" casts some doubt on that hope.
but one thing you might want to look at the submissions app (edx-ora2's OpenAssessmentBlock uses this). It creates explicit submission uuids and lets you set scores for them. Once the scores are set, they'll be read automatically for the progress page -- there's no need for the students to load the XBlock again.The intention was for the submissions app to eventually get spun out of edx-ora2 into its own repo, and be made available to XBlocks as a runtime service. I'm not sure about the exact timeline for that, but it's easy enough to import submissions.api directly for the moment.