covalent bonding

[ankur bhattacharjee]

Define covalent bonding in atoms with example.

[India Hindi Blog Information]

In covalent bonding the valance electrons are not transferred from one atom to another but neighbouring atoms share their valance electrons by the formation of strong homopolar or covalent bond. This bond is primarily due to force of attractioin between atoms with four or more valance electrons. The elements of column III. IV and V of periodic table often forms the covalent bonds. Compounds of organic chemistry like, CH4, C2H2 etc, also have covalent bonds. Most simple example of covalent bonding is H2, as shown in fig. 1.1 (a) 

The electrons in an atom always like to form a pair. Consider case of chlorine which has 7 electrons in its outermost orbit, out of which six electrons are paired while the spin of seventh electron in unpaired. This spins of such electrons in pair are antiparallel.