Using Audiovisual Aids

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Chapter 4
Objective
After completing this section, the participant will be able to use
audiovisuals effectively in presenting information
Enabling Objectives
! Present information using a writing board
! Present information using a flipchart
! Present information using transparencies
! Present information using slides
! Present information using a videotape
Advantages of the Writing Board
! Available in most training rooms
! Does not require electricity
! Easy to use and inexpensive
! Suitable for use by both clinical trainers and participants
! Excellent for brainstorming, problem solving, making lists and other
participatory activities
Disadvantages of the Writing Board
! The board cannot hold a large amount of material
! Writing on the board is time-consuming
! It is difficult to write on the board and talk to the participants
! The board can get messy
! There is no permanent record of information presented
Tips for the Writing Board #1
! Keep the board clean
! Use chalk or pens that can be seen
! Make text and drawings large enough to be seen by all
! Prepare complex drawings in advance
Tips for the Writing Board #2
! Underline headings and important or unfamiliar words
! Do not talk while facing the board
! Do not block the participants' view
! Allow time for participants to copy information from the board
Advantages of the Flipchart #1
! Available in most training rooms
! Easy to move from room to room
! Do not require electricity
! Several may be used simultaneously
! Easy to use and inexpensive

Advantages of the Flipchart #2
! Suitable for use by trainers and participants
! Excellent for brainstorming, problem solving, making lists
! Pages can be prepared in advance
! Pages can be removed and taped on the walls
Flipchart Techniques #1
! Use wide-tipped pens or markers
! Print in large block letters
! Use different colored pens
! Use headings, boxes, cartoons and borders
! Use bullets (*) to delineate items on the page
! Leave plenty of white space

Flipchart Techniques #2
! Avoid putting too much information on one page
! When pages are prepared in advance, use every other page
! Hang flipchart pages with tape
! To hide a portion of the page, fold up the lower portion of the page
and tape it
! Face the participants, not the flipchart, while talking

Advantages of Transparencies #1
! The projector is simple to use
! Can be used in almost any training room which has electricity
! Can be used with the classroom lights on
! Can be prepared in advance which saves time
Advantages of Transparencies #2
! Are inexpensive
! Can be prepared quickly and easily
! Can be used repeatedly

Disadvantages of Transparencies
! Cannot project text and images directly from the printed page
! Be careful not to block the participants' view of the screen
Producing Transparencies
! Use pens to create text or drawings on plastic or acetate sheets
! Use a copy machine with transparency film designed for copiers
! Use a computer and printer
Preparing Transparencies #1
! Limit the information to one main idea and about 5-6 lines of large
type
! Use large lettering
! Print text
! Make graphics and drawings large enough to be seen
Preparing Transparencies #2
! Mount transparencies in frames or insert them in plastic pockets
! Number the transparencies
! Store the transparencies in a box, envelope or a "pocket" made from
folders or plastic
Using the Overhead Projector #1
! Locate and check the operation of the on/off switch
! Have an extra projector bulb
! Focus the projector and check the position of the image
! Turn the projector on after the transparency is placed on the glass
! Turn off the projector before removing the transparency
Using the Overhead Projector #2
! Once the projector is on move away from the projector so
participants can see
! Face the participants, not the screen, while talking
! Show one point at a time
! Use a pointer or pencil focus attention
! Allow plenty of time for the participants to read what is on the
screen
Advantages of Slides
! Relatively inexpensive and easy to produce
! Can be made locally by the trainer
! Are good for showing individual steps of a procedure or close-ups of
equipment
! Can be shown in a fairly light room
! Can be used with audiotapes to produce a slide show with narration
Disadvantages of Slides
! Slide projectors are much more expensive than overhead projectors
! Slide projectors are more fragile than and do not tolerate voltage
fluctuations as well as overhead projectors
! Slides are not updated as easily or produced as inexpensively as
transparencies
Preparing Slides #1
! Limit each slide to one main idea
! Text slides should be short and concise
! No more than 35 words (approximately five lines of text)
Preparing Slides #2
! Legibility of the material on the slide is crucial
! Number the slides in pencil or pen on the mounting frame
! Mark or "spot" slides before placing in the tray
Using the Slide Projector #1
! Arrange the room so all participants can see the screen
! Set up and test the slide projector
! Make sure there is an extra projector bulb
! Locate the focus control, check the focus and position the image on
the screen
Using the Slide Projector #2
! Run through all the slides in advance
! Determine if all or some of the lights can be left on
! During the presentation, avoid rushing through a series of slides

Advantages of Using Videotapes #1
! Capture events the eye alone would not see
! Steps of a procedure or technique can be shown by slowing down the
videotape
! Videotapes provide better color and detail
! Videotapes can be prepared by the trainer to reflect local
conditions
Advantages of Using Videotapes #2
! Commercially developed videotapes can be purchased or borrowed
! Animation can be used to show an abstract concept
! TV monitors tolerate fluctuations in voltage much better than
projectors
! Video players are less expensive and easier to maintain than slide
projectors
Disadvantages of Videotapes
! Commercially prepared videotapes are often outdated
! Videotapes may have been edited and omit or rearrange key training
steps in the procedure
! Participants may be distracted by cultural differences

Using Videotapes #1
! Preview the videotape
! Check to be sure that the videotape is compatible with the videotape
player
! Cue the videotape to the beginning of the program
! Arrange the room so that all participants can see
Using Videotapes #2
! State the session objective
! Provide an overview of the videotape
! Ask participants to look for a number of specific points during the
videotape
! Discuss the videotape after it has been shown
! Prepare test items based on the videotape content if appropriate