The package can be used on its own in portable Haskell code, inwhich case operations need to be manually lifted through transformerstacks (see Control.Monad.Trans.Class for some examples).Alternatively, it can be used with the non-portable monad classes inthe mtl or monads-tf packages, which automatically lift operationsintroduced by monad transformers through other transformers.
In a meticulously coordinated operation, an 80-meter convoy was successfully navigated through the narrow streets and underneath bridges to Zurich to deliver critical transformer equipment from Hitachi Energy to a substation of ewz (Zurich Municipal Electric Utility).
Hitachi Energy revealed investments of over $1.5 billion to ramp up its global transformer manufacturing capacity to keep pace with the growing demand and support the long-term plans and electrification efforts.
Hitachi Energy announced an ambitious upgrade and modernization of its power transformer factory in Varennes, and other facilities in Montreal, to address fast-growing customer demand for sustainable energy in North America. More than $100 million (approx. $140 million CAD) in projects around Montreal will include funding from the Government of Quebec through Investissement Quebec.
Hitachi Energy announced an investment of more than 30 million euros (approx. $32 million) in the expansion and modernization of its power transformer manufacturing facility in Bad Honnef, Germany. Expected to be completed in 2026, the project will generate up to 100 new jobs in the region and address the rising demand for transformers to support Europe's clean energy transition.
For over 40 years, Jensen Transformers Inc has set the benchmark for delivering the highest quality transformers, with the widest frequency response, least distortion, lowest phase deviation, best common-mode noise rejection and maximum signal handling.
Trouble shooting a concert hall, house of worship, broadcast station or recording studio can take hours. Jensen Iso-Max offers a host of plug & play solutions that eliminate noise while delivering exceptional audio quality.
Iso-Max eliminates ground loops in high-fidelity 2-channel and home theater systems with purpose-built solutions that work. Jensen Iso-Max moving coil step-up transformers are now available for the most demanding audiophile.
With today's integration of audio and video, there has never been greater opportunity for noise problems to get into your AV system. Iso-Max delivers the widest bandwidth for picture perfect results in analog & digital mediums.
Jensen offers a complete range of transformers for the most demanding audio designs. Each transformer is manufactured and tested to deliver the utmost quality and reliability for implementation within your audio systems and designs.
I'm curious about when is the right time to use Transformers. I'm pretty new to retool, but where I'm finding transformers extremely useful is in transforming API results to an array that maps to a database table that I want to save those results to.
That is a perfectly valid use of transformers. Only one suggestion I would make, is if you only use your API's transformed result, then you can put that transformer right into your API query, merging steps 1. and 2. Then you can use the query.data directly in your bulk insert.
I tried a few different approaches - e.g. create a Front-end table which presented just the values I wanted to insert, but the .data property of that table still seemed to be the 'raw' API response data, rather than just the data I actually wanted (and was displaying in the table)
Transformer models apply an evolving set of mathematical techniques, called attention or self-attention, to detect subtle ways even distant data elements in a series influence and depend on each other.
That enables these models to ride a virtuous cycle in transformer AI. Created with large datasets, transformers make accurate predictions that drive their wider use, generating more data that can be used to create even better models.
Before transformers arrived, users had to train neural networks with large, labeled datasets that were costly and time-consuming to produce. By finding patterns between elements mathematically, transformers eliminate that need, making available the trillions of images and petabytes of text data on the web and in corporate databases.
Transformers use positional encoders to tag data elements coming in and out of the network. Attention units follow these tags, calculating a kind of algebraic map of how each element relates to the others.
Thanks to a basket of techniques, they trained their model in just 3.5 days on eight NVIDIA GPUs, a small fraction of the time and cost of training prior models. They trained it on datasets with up to a billion pairs of words.
DeepMind, in London, advanced the understanding of proteins, the building blocks of life, using a transformer called AlphaFold2, described in a recent Nature article. It processed amino acid chains like text strings to set a new watermark for describing how proteins fold, work that could speed drug discovery.
For example, researchers from the Rostlab at the Technical University of Munich, which helped pioneer work at the intersection of AI and biology, used natural-language processing to understand proteins. In 18 months, they graduated from using RNNs with 90 million parameters to transformer models with 567 million parameters.
NVIDIA and Microsoft hit a high watermark in November, announcing the Megatron-Turing Natural Language Generation model (MT-NLG) with 530 billion parameters. It debuted along with a new framework, NVIDIA NeMo Megatron, that aims to let any business create its own billion- or trillion-parameter transformers to power custom chatbots, personal assistants and other AI applications that understand language.
Last year, Google researchers described the Switch Transformer, one of the first trillion-parameter models. It uses AI sparsity, a complex mixture-of experts (MoE) architecture and other advances to drive performance gains in language processing and up to 7x increases in pre-training speed.
Other researchers are studying ways to eliminate bias or toxicity if models amplify wrong or harmful language. For example, Stanford created the Center for Research on Foundation Models to explore these issues.
Before we start, just a heads-up. We're going to be talking a lot about matrix multiplications and touching on backpropagation (the algorithm for training the model), but you don't need to know any of it beforehand. We'll add the concepts we need one at a time, with explanation.
We start by choosing our vocabulary, the collection of symbols that we are going to be working with in each sequence. In our case, there will be two different sets of symbols, one for the input sequence to represent vocal sounds and one for the output sequence to represent words.
For now, let's assume we're working with English. There are tens of thousands of words in the English language, and perhaps another few thousand to cover computer-specific terminology. That would give us a vocabulary size that is the better part of a hundred thousand. One way to convert words to numbers is to start counting at one and assign each word its own number. Then a sequence of words can be represented as a list of numbers.
For example, consider a tiny language with a vocabulary size of three: files, find, and my. Each word could be swapped out for a number, perhaps files = 1, find = 2, and my = 3. Then the sentence "Find my files", consisting of the word sequence [ find, my, files ] could be represented instead as the sequence of numbers [2, 3, 1].
This is a perfectly valid way to convert symbols to numbers, but it turns out that there's another format that's even easier for computers to work with, one-hot encoding. In one-hot encoding a symbol is represented by an array of mostly zeros, the same length of the vocabulary, with only a single element having a value of one. Each element in the array corresponds to a separate symbol.
One really useful thing about the one-hot representation is that it lets us compute dot products. These are also known by other intimidating names like inner product and scalar product. To get the dot product of two vectors, multiply their corresponding elements, then add the results.
The previous two examples show how dot products can be used to measure similarity. As another example, consider a vector of values that represents a combination of words with varying weights. A one-hot encoded word can be compared against it with the dot product to show how strongly that word is represented.
The dot product is the building block of matrix multiplication, a very particular way to combine a pair of two-dimensional arrays. We'll call the first of these matrices A and the second one B. In the simplest case, when A has only one row and B has only one column, the result of matrix multiplication is the dot product of the two.
When A and B start to grow, matrix multiplication starts to get trippy. To handle more than one row in A, take the dot product of B with each row separately. The answer will have as many rows as A does.
Now we can extend this to mutliplying any two matrices, as long as the number of columns in A is the same as the number of rows in B. The result will have the same number of rows as A and the same number of columns as B.
Notice how matrix multiplication acts as a lookup table here. Our A matrix is made up of a stack of one-hot vectors. They have ones in the first column, the fourth column, and the third column, respectively. When we work through the matrix multiplication, this serves to pull out the first row, the fourth row, and the third row of the B matrix, in that order. This trick of using a one-hot vector to pull out a particular row of a matrix is at the core of how transformers work.
We can set aside matrices for a minute and get back to what we really care about, sequences of words. Imagine that as we start to develop our natural language computer interface we want to handle just three possible commands: