The real legend is even sadder and more horrifying. The creature is more fox-like but retains the ability to transform into a beautiful girl so that it could lure men close enough to eat their livers. However, if the creature is able to stay away from eating human flesh for a thousand days, it can stay human.
Another creature under this category is the gyeryong (계룡), also known as the Korean cockatrice or chicken dragon. They are chariot-pulling beasts for important legendary figures in Korea or for the parents of legendary heroes.
The legend of Prince Golden Calf tells the story of a prince who is turned into a calf when the jealous rivals of his mother try to kill him by feeding him to a cow. When that cow later gives birth to a calf, the king develops a special affection for the beautiful little animal. The jealous women grow suspicious, also because the calf assists his imprisoned mother in the onerous tasks that have been imposed on her. They feign an illness that can only be cured by eating the heart and liver of the calf. When the king eventually gives in to the pressure to have the calf killed, the butcher allows it to escape. In its wanderings the calf arrives in a foreign country where a local princess is selecting a groom. When her choice falls on the calf, she is chased from the palace. Eventually the calf changes into a handsome young man, so the princess can be reunited with her family, and the prince with his father and mother. This legend is best known from Korea, where it circulated in both a Chinese and a Korean version. In Korea, the tale has long been believed to have a Korean origin.
Recent research in China and Korea has revealed that the tale originated in China, as early as the late sixth century when it was written up as a jataka tale. The Chinese version that circulated in Korea most likely also was composed in China. While these early versions dropped from circulation in China, the story survived there in several versions, for instance as a precious scroll. The story also continued to circulate there, just as in Korea, as a popular folk tale. This case book presents full translations of the major versions of the legend, each with their own introductions, as well as a selection of modern folktales. Each of these adaptations offers its own take on this fascinating tale, reflecting period, genre and authorial intention. The volume is opened by a general discussion of bovine lore in China and Korea, emphasizing the affection between owner and ox as a household animal. One appendix illustrates the Korean adaptation of yet another jataka tale; another appendix argues that the legend of Prince Golden Calf belongs to the international tale-type ATU 707 and summarizes a number of versions of this type from South Asia, the Middle East and Europe.
These dragons could also speak, communicate, and were capable of understanding complex emotions like devotion, kindness, and gratitude. One Korean legend hints that these dragons could have once been human kings. Such as King Munmu, who on his deathbed wished to become a Dragon of the East Sea in order to protect Korea.
The legend goes that yong who traveled to the West and South grew an extra claw, thus Chinese dragons have five claws. But those who traveled East and North lost a claw, thus dragons from Japan have three claws. This explains why it and all Eastern dragons never made it to Europe or the Americas: by the time it traveled that far, all its toes had been lost and it could no longer walk.
Birth of Korea as a Nation:
The legend of Dangun begins by introducing his father Hwan-ung (환웅). In the year 2333 BC, Hwan-ung the son of the Hwan-in, Lord of Heaven asked to be sent to Earth in-order to establish his own kingdom. Hwan-in opened up the heavens and allowed his son to descend to earth. Accompanied by 3000 followers, Hwan-ung settled on the summit of Mt Taebek (modern-day Mt Paektu) and established the sacred city of Sinsi also known as the Spirit City. Among these 3000 followers were the masters of wind, rain, and clouds and they became known as the three masters. Hwang-un delegated the role of minister to the three deities, and together they instituted laws and moral codes throughout the kingdom.
Korean mythology consists of national legends and folk-tales which come from all over the Korean Peninsula. The oldest records of them can be found in Samguk Yusa (written in the 13th century by Buddhist monk Iryeon) and Samguk Sagi (written in the 12th century by government official Kim Busik). These two history books are based on much older records that are currently lost.
- Ascend to a Higher Plane of Existence: Many human characters (Baridegi, Ganglim, etc.) ended up becoming gods and other supernatural entities.
- Since anyone with incredible feat can become Shins, some modern Mudangs worship famous real-life people. The List includes Yi Sun-sin, General Choi-Yong, Dangun, Buddha, Jesus and Douglas Macarthur(after the Korean War, Macarthur was considered as a hero by many Koreans). This is parodied in this Korean Webtoon Dosa-land('Taoist-land'), where the protagonist's mother is a Mudang worshipping 'Doug'.
- The Mudang worshipping Macarthur once got into trouble for offering Cigarettes to his spirit when foreign cigars were banned for economic reasons.
- Badass Bookworm : There are many stories involving Seonbis (term for scholars and students of the Joseon period), killing gigantic serpents, Gumihos (Nine-tailed foxes), and other monsters with a bow and an arrow.
- These stories might have some grain of truth in them; since the Joseon Dynasty placed great importance in military arts, Seonbis did practice archery. And because the Korean bow (Gak Gung) is strong yet handy to carry, many Seonbis going on journeys took a bow and arrows with them.
- Sadly, they were also common target of political purges. Actually, their social status could be considered as Blessed with Suck - despite their education they doesn't belong to the Yangban (scholar-officals) caste, and thus doesn't have any political power to protect themselves. That make it easy to turn them into The Scapegoat for any kind of troubles (though many lower-class folks considered them Inspirational Martyr anyway)
- Cool Sword: Saingeom (Four Tigers Sword), also known as Sainchamsageom (Four Tigers Evil-Cutting sword). Being forged by a skilled (and pure) metalsmith in a Tiger day's tiger hour, of Tiger year's Tiger month, it has powerful positive (Yang) force that can destroy monsters and evil spirits.
- To maximize its effect, it is inscribed with 28 constellations and a badass Magical Incantation:
- "The Heaven calls down the Jeong (Spirit), and The Earth helps the Yeong (Soul). The sun and the moon are shaped, mountains and rivers are formed, and Lightnings strike like storm. Move North Heaven to destroy evil in the land, make for righeousness in the natural order."
- They really exist, by the way. Because they're made of soft iron, Saingeoms weren't used in battle, but rather kept for ritualistic reasons (like protecting you from ghosts and diseases).
- There's also Yonggwang-Geom ('Sword of Dragon's Light'), belonging to the sun god Haemosu.
- General Kim Yu-shin, a legendary Silla general who united the Three Kingdoms, had a sword named Cheonryonggeom, 'Heavenly Dragon Sword' (The name itself doesn't appear in official records, but legend states so). When Kim Yushin was a youth, he prayed to the heaven to give him the power to unite the warring three kingdoms, and after three days, Heaven answered his prayer by sending two beams of light from two stars to shine on his sword(this is an official record, appearing in Samguk-sagi). According to legend, Kim tested his blessed sword by slicing a nearby rock in half(that rock is still remaining as a popular tourist attraction, by the way), and it could even fly out from its scabbard, landing into Kim Yushin's hand when he was furious.
- The Four Gods: Since Korea was influenced by Taoism, they often pop up in murals and other arts.
- Heart Is an Awesome Power: One story has Samshin-halmang (Goddess of Pregnancy and Delivery) politely asking Daebyulsang (God of Smallpox, No.1 killer of infants of old times) to spare the lovely faces of babies. Daebyulsang instead got angry that 'a woman' dared to interfere with his business, and gave severe smallpox to infants, causing them to die or become pockmarked. In retaliation, Samshin-halmang refused to give delivery to Daebyulsang's pregnant wife for twenty-four months, causing her to nearly die from the pain. Daebyulsang had no choice but to dress in a Buddhist monk's attire, shave his hair and walk barefoot to the Samshin-halmang's residence (just as Samshin ordered), practically begging for forgiveness.
- Honest Axe: In the Korean version, Mercury's role is played by a Sanshinryeong.
- Interspecies Romance: Starting from the tale of Ungnyeo, Korean Mythology includes lots of romance between Human and animals (transformed into humans).
- Samguk Yusa includes many tales of foxes, dragons and tigers taking human form. One Silla story involves a man named Kim Hyun falling in love with a cute girl (actually a female tiger) he met at the festival. However, her three brothers had killed too many humans that Heaven decided to punish them, but the girl said that she would instead become a scapegoat, and told Kim Hyun to kill her the next day, saying: "If I have to die, then let me be killed by the man who loves me" . Kim Hyun had no choice but to do it (in tears), and after getting the reward from the King for killing a Tiger, used it to build a Temple (named Howeonsa, meaning 'Temple of the Tigers wish') in memory of his love.
- Magic Music: One of Silla's national treasures was Manpasikjeok (Flute that soothes ten thousand troubles), a magical bamboo flute that could 'calm the waters, drive away enemies, heal the sick, and prevent natural disasters'. Many people tried to steal it, and after losing and regaining it, King Hyoso ordered the flute to be hidden in a secret place. It was hidden so well that it was never found again, not even to this day.
- Methuselah Syndrome: According to Samguk Yusa, Dangun puts Methuselah to shame by living for Nineteen Hundred And Eight Years (the age varies for each historical record, but still over one thosand years). Plus, he became a Sanshinryeong after leaving the human world, so he could stil be living, even now.
- This probably means that the ruler's title 'Danggun-Wanggeom' (literally meaning 'Priest-King') got passed down from ruler to ruler, dynasty to dynasty.
- Our Goblins Are Different: The dokkaebi were nature spirits that resembled goblins and tended towards mischief, often playing tricks on humans. They could be friendly and give rewards, but folktales cautioned that a human who spent too much time around a dokkaebi would start turning into one.
- Petal Power: Seocheonkkotbaat (Seocheon Flower Field) has flowers that you wouldn't see in your local flower garden. Here's a few:
- Flowers that can revive the dead: Revival Flowers are five flowers - black, white, red, yellow, blue - that can bring people back to life, even if their bodies are decayed to the skeleton. Each flower regenerates Bones, Flesh, Blood, Breathing and Spirit (sometimes one of the last two can be replaced by water of life or whacking the body with storax cane).
- Flowers that causes people who see it to Laugh, Cry, and Fight each other - uncontrollably. The person holding the flower does not seem to be influenced by this.
- Flower that kills anyone who looks at it.
- And another flower called Destruction Flower can wipe out an entire army. Jacheongbi (a girl who later became Earth goddess) uses it to literally crush a rebellion in Heaven.
- It is not surprising, therefore, that Seocheon Flower Field is situated in the border between this world and the other world (afterlife), and heavenly officials and maidens are charged with guarding and looking after it. Only certain humans (usually children of the aforementioned heavenly officials) can enter the field, and going there can take years.
- Shrines and Temples: Like the Japanese, Koreans have Sadang (Shrine) and Jeol (Buddhist Temple). Because of syncretism, many Jeols also have sadangs (usually dedicated to Sanshinryeongs and Chilsungshin) as annex buildings.
- While there are many big temples currently existing, there aren't many big shrines left, since Mongolian invasions, Japanese invasions and colonization, and the Korean War demolished the whole lot (there are still ruins of them, currently being excavated). While most remaining Sadangs are small or private, the biggest shrine still standing is Jongmyo Shrine (declared Unesco World Heritage), built in the 14th century to honor the Joseon Kings.
- Vegetarian Carnivore: In the myth of Hwanung and Ungnyeo, a tiger and a bear wanted to be human and, in order to do so, they had to pass the demigod Hwanung's test of eating nothing but garlic and herbs for 40 days. The tiger could not and gave up, while the bear persevered, became a woman named Ungnyeo (literally meaning "bear woman"), married Hwanung, and gave birth to a son named Tangun, the founder of the first organized Korean state. There's actually some truth here: bears are omnivores that can digest vegetable matter while tigers are obligate carnivores. This doesn't mean they can't digest plants at all, just that they need nutrients that aren't found in a strictly vegan diet, the big one for felines being taurine. (Perhaps more to the point, garlic and related plants like onions are actually fairly toxic to cats; their livers can't deal with it.)
- Voluntary Shapeshifting: Many gods, demigods and monsters (Yogwe) can change into humans and other shapes.
- This was even used as means of dueling; but instead of turning the other into animals, they fought by turning themselves into an animal superior than the other. For example, when Habaek turned into a fish and a pheasant, Haemosu chased him by turning into an otter and a hawk.
- King Yeomra tried to dodge Gamglim-doryeong by turning into a pillar of a palace. Gamglim found this out when the palace scullery maid scolded him for being an idiot.
- Whale Egg: Many founding heroes of ancient kingdoms were born from an egg. There's at least five of them:
- Go-Jumong (King Dongmyeong), founder of Goguryeo Kingdom, was born as a large egg that his mother (Lady Yuwha) laid. His stepfather (King Geumwha) took this as a bad omen and tried to get rid of it, but all attempts failed (when it was thrown into wilderness, fierce animals and birds kept it warm; and even the strongest warrior couldn't break its shell open). Finally Jumong was born, and he soon grew up to be a master Archer and charismatic hero(which is not surprising, given that his father is the Sun god Haemosu).
- There's also Pakhyeokkeose, Seoktalhae and Kimalji, three founders of Silla Kingdom. Plus there's King Kim Suro (and his five brothers), founder of Gaya (a minor kingdom that was later absorbed into Silla).
- Samguk-yusa tells the story of a Chicken-dragon(Gyeryong), giving birth to a human baby(with the beak of a chicken) through her armpit. She then flew away, and the old lady watching this adopted the baby and washed her in the nearby stream, causing the beak to fall off. Given the name Al-yeong(named after a well nearby), she grew up to be a kind and beautiful lady, and later married Pakhyokkeose(first king of Silla), thereby becoming Queen Al-yeong.
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