Some new academic papers on development issues in Vietnam - 2014 May 15 issue

[nv...@worldbank.org]

Some new academic papers on development issues in Vietnam - 2014 May 15 issue

**Agriculture and rural development

Beyond reforestation: An assessment of Vietnam’s REDD+ Readiness.
Beyond reforestation: An assessment of Vietnam’s REDD+ Readiness.
Do Trong Hoan and Delia Catacutan. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Southeast Asia Regional Program Working Paper 180, 2014.

Abstract: As the Government of Vietnam is showing great interest and commitment to REDD+, it is important to examine the country’s ‘readiness’ based on the functions that need to be fulfilled. This paper reports on rapid REDD+ readiness assessment conducted through documents’ review, survey-questionnaires, in-depth interviews and round-table discussions with Vietnam’s National REDD Network. It was found that Vietnam’s reforestation experience does not foretell REDD+ readiness. Its readiness level as perceived by in-situ stakeholders only ranged from low to medium across all functions. For the country to move beyond its current state of REDD+ readiness, activities should focus on indicators where it is weak while strengthening those that are already advancing, and post-reforestation issues should be resolved. Failure to address them will mean an uphill implementation of REDD+. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for Vietnam to advance its REDD+ readiness that might be useful for other countries that share similar issues with Vietnam. [Hoan&Catacutan-2014.pdf] Free full text http://www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFs/WP14097.PDF.

Farmland loss and livelihood outcomes: a microeconometric analysis of household surveys in Vietnam.
Farmland loss and livelihood outcomes: a microeconometric analysis of household surveys in Vietnam.
Tran Quang Tuyen, Steven Lim and others. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 2014, volume 19, number 3, pp. 423-444.

Abstract: Although there has been much discussion in the literature about the impacts of farmland loss (due to urbanization) on household livelihoods, no econometric evidence of these effects has been provided thus far. This paper, hence, is the first to quantify the effects of farmland loss on household livelihood outcomes in peri-urban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. Our study found no econometric evidence for negative effects of farmland loss on either income or expenditure per adult equivalent. In addition, the results show that farmland loss has an indirect positive impact on household welfare, via its positive impact on the choice of nonfarm-based livelihoods. [t-f].

Impact of Third-party Contract Enforcement in Agricultural Markets—A Field Experiment in Vietnam.
Impact of Third-party Contract Enforcement in Agricultural Markets—A Field Experiment in Vietnam.
Christoph Saenger, Maximo Torero and Matin Qaim. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2014.

Abstract: We study the effect of alleviating the information asymmetry regarding product quality that is widespread in contracts between agricultural producers and buyers in developing countries. Opportunistic buyers may underreport quality levels to farmers to reduce the price that they have to pay. In response, farmers may curb investment, thereby negatively affecting farm productivity. In an experiment, we entitle randomly selected smallholder dairy farmers in Vietnam, who are contracted by a large company, to independently verify milk testing results. Results indicate that treatment farmers use 12% more inputs, and they also increase their output significantly. Some wider research and policy implications are discussed.

Food safety in everyday life: Shopping for vegetables in a rural city in Vietnam.
Food safety in everyday life: Shopping for vegetables in a rural city in Vietnam.
Sigrid C.O. Wertheim-Heck, Gert Spaargaren and Sietze Vellema. Journal of Rural Studies, 2014, volume 35, pp. 37-48.

Abstract: Concerns about food safety influence the way in which Vietnamese consumers confront the question of where, how and from whom they buy their fresh vegetables. In this paper we analyze in what manner and to what extent existing shopping practices inhibit the adoption of modern retail based food safety strategies. Using a social practices theory based approach, we analyze in detail the sales practices of sellers and the purchasing practices of consumers in a Vietnamese provincial city. This study reveals how both sellers and buyers in wet-markets, Asian style fresh food markets, apply different sets of skills and knowledge, based on locality, personal contacts and private judgment, to match supply and demand in the context of food safety threats. Within the everyday practice of shopping for vegetables, trust is shown to be continuously reproduced along pre-given lines. Consumers do not easily look outside or move beyond their existing routines even when food safety concerns would urge them to do so. From these findings we conclude that in situations where wet-markets serve as the dominant channel for distributing and purchasing fresh food, the efficacy of government and retail induced food safety strategies depends on their articulation within existing food purchasing routines of Vietnamese consumers. [sci-dir].


**Financial sector

Application of International Public Sector Accounting Standards in Vietnam in Current Conditions.
Application of International Public Sector Accounting Standards in Vietnam in Current Conditions.
Mai Thi Hoang Minh. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 2014, volume 10, number 4, pp. 404-413.

Abstract: The objective of improving the state accounting system is to build a state accounting system based on a single and complete database which is applied uniformly across all public authorities and agencies from central to local. Such an accounting system must ensure a reliable and smooth flow of information among all the entities that take part in the preparation, allocation, execution, and finalization of the state budget. In order to improve the quality of financial information, to harmonize, and to develop accounting profession globally, the trend of international economic integration requires the standardization of accounting legislative framework among countries and first of all, the harmonization and unification of the preparation, presentation, and disclosure of financial information. Financial statements of each business in the private sector and financial statements of the government in the public sector in different countries should be transparent and presented in accordance with the accounting standards and principles and in line with international practices so that the financial information will be able to be compared and evaluated. Therefore, financial statements of each entity in the public sector and the consolidated financial statements of public sector entities issued by the government in different countries must be prepared and presented in a unified form to suit the international public sector accounting standards. Accordingly, with the application of the interview method in research, the main objective of this article is to focus on searching for the bases and consideration for the application of international public sector accounting standards in Vietnam in current conditions. This article consists of eight sections: (1) what are international public sector accounting standards? (2) accounting entities of the public sector; (3) the limitations of current public sector accounting in Vietnam; (4) financial information to meet the requirements of state management and to comply with international practices; (5) the advantages of applying international public sector accounting standards in Vietnam; (6) the difficulties and challenges of applying international public sector accounting standards in Vietnam; (7) learning experiences from other countries; and (8) conclusion. Free full text http://www.davidpublishing.com/davidpublishing/Upfile/5/6/2014/2014050605970935.pdf.

The Determinants of Inflation in Vietnam: VAR and SVAR Approaches.
The Determinants of Inflation in Vietnam: VAR and SVAR Approaches.
Tuan Anh Phan. Australian National University (ANU) - Crawford School of Public Policy Research Paper No. 14-04, 2014.

Abstract: This paper employs Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Structural VAR (SVAR) models to analyse Vietnam’s inflation determinants using quarterly data from 1996 to 2012. The results suggest that: (i) the inflation responses to monetary policy shocks are plausible and similar to standard monetary transmission in advanced economies; (ii) the policy interest rate plays an important role to inflation variation, which differs with what have been found in previous studies for Vietnam; and (iii) shocks to output and prices in trading partners have strong effects on inflation in Vietnam, while international oil and rice prices seem not to systematically affect Vietnam’s inflation. Moreover, the State Bank of Vietnam does use monetary policy tools to ease down the inflationary pressure caused by foreign factors. Free full text http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2437712.


**Economic development

Corporate performance of privatized firms in Vietnam.
Corporate performance of privatized firms in Vietnam.
Vo Thi Quy, Nguyen Duc Khuong and Fredric WilliamSwierczek. IPAG Business School Working Paper 2014-240, 2014.

Abstract: We investigate the impacts of state shareholding, corporate culture and employee commitment on corporate performance of privatized firms in the Vietnamese context. Using data collected from a structured questionnaire as well as companies’ annual reports, we show that only organizational integration significantly affects the performance of privatized firms. Furthermore, employee and customer satisfactions are among the most important drivers of corporate performance. Finally, there is evidence to suggest that privatized firms with less state ownership perform better than those with more state ownership. Free full text http://www.ipag.fr/wp-content/uploads/recherche/WP/IPAG_WP_2014_240.pdf.

Efficiency or Bounded Rationality? Drivers of Firm Diversification Strategies in Vietnam.
Efficiency or Bounded Rationality? Drivers of Firm Diversification Strategies in Vietnam.
Hien Thu Tran, Enrico Santarelli and Enrico Zaninotto. Università degli Studi di Trento - Department of Economics and Management DEM Discussion Papers 2014/04, 2014.

Abstract: Considering the case of diversified firms within a transition country such as Vietnam, this paper investigates diversification relatedness taking into account both firm-specific and industry-level components. Two measures of relatedness, the survivor-based and the SIC distances approach, are used to investigate the choice of destination industry by diversifying firms. The conflicting result between these two relatedness index suggests that there has been a trend of imitation and follow-up among inexperienced firms that resemble the direction and intensity of diversification of dominating players within the industry (herd behavior). Accordingly, a higher survivor-based index does not lead to a superior entrepreneurial performance. However, diversified firms gain experience overtime and choose more efficient business combinations in subsequent entries. Consistently with our previous findings, the classical SIC-based approach affirms again that greater diversification raises profitability, but just to an optimum relatedness point beyond which the positive effect starts to fade away. To control for the endogeneity of diversification relatedness and serial correlation of error terms we adoptinstrumental-variable two-stage least-squares estimation (IV-2SLS) with GMM treatment. Free full text http://www.unitn.it/files/download/27419/demdp2014_04.pdf.

Multinational expansion of ASEAN firms: the role of technological, political, and knowledge resources.
Multinational expansion of ASEAN firms: the role of technological, political, and knowledge resources.
Nuruzzaman Arsyad and Peter Hwang. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 2014, volume 8, number 2.

Abstract:

Purpose - This study investigates the type of resources that firms draw upon to expand internationally within ASEAN context. We seek to understand the impact of technological, political, and knowledge resources on ASEAN firms’ multinationality, moderated by labor intensity, the type of ownership and the stage of economic development. –

Design/methodology/approach - Our hypotheses are tested on a sample that comprises 4056 manufacturing firms in five ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines, Vietnam and Timor Leste. –

Findings - We found that technology resource is not positively associated with multinationality. However, this relationship is moderated by labor intensity and type of firm ownership. Political resources, such as lobbying activities and informal payment to government, are important for ASEAN firms for foreign expansion. However, excessive informal payment may prove to be counterproductive. We also found that local firms tend to exploit more political resources than foreign counterparts and firms operating in the lower stage of economic development tend to spend more on lobbying activities but pay less informal contribution. Lastly, for manager industry experience, we found an inverted U-shape relationship with respect to multinationality, but for manager education the association was unexpectedly negative. –

Research limitations/implications - This study has several limitations. First, we do not explore the impact of the change of resources over time in multinationality. Second, there could be a reverse causality problem in this research. Our empirical models presume that resources affect multinationality, but it could be that firms with higher degree of multinationality have a more capabilities in acquiring more resources. –

Practical implications - From practical perspective, our findings have three important implications for management of ASEAN multinationals. First, multinationals can systematically exploit and internalize political ties by carefully integrating political activities, through informal contribution and lobbying, into their strategic planning or corporate structure. Our findings suggest that political networking will offset weak technological resources, particularly for local firms. Second, managers of multinationals operating in ASEAN should not rely excessively on political actors, as the extra costs associated to above optimum political resources exceed its marginal benefit. Moreover, excessive reliance upon political actors will expose the firm to the threat of opportunism. Even though political resources are important, but managers need to maintain the utilization of political resources at the optimal level. Third, beside technological and political resources, managers’ knowledge is also crucial for ASEAN firms’ internationalization. We provide evidence showing that the positive effect of managerial experience is limited only to certain level, even though the managers’ education has positive linear relationship with multinationality. This implies that at the early stage of international activities, both manager’s experience and education will have positive impact to the firm. However, when international activities are getting more complicated, manager’s education takes over the manager’s experience. Above its optimum point, manager’s experience will limit the manager’s capability to create innovative solutions for international expansion, and therefore it is the manager’s education that is able to stimulate revolutionary solution. –

Originality/value - In this paper, we examine the resource impact on multinationality or the extent to which business activities span across national boundaries, to shed light on the antecedents of foreign expansion in ASEAN. We discuss three types of resources (i.e., technological, political, and knowledge resources) and seek to understand the impact of these resources on multinationality. Political resources are highlighted in addition to technological and knowledge resources in this paper because ASEAN firms are generally situated in a weak institutional environment in which the political resource is crucial for firms’ entry, operation, and exit in international markets (Boddewyn and Brewer, 1994; Hillman and Keim, 1995; Rodriguez, Uhlenbruck, and Eden, 2005).

Response of Vietnamese Private Enterprises’ Leader under Global Financial Crisis: From Theorical to Empirical Approach.
Response of Vietnamese Private Enterprises’ Leader under Global Financial Crisis: From Theorical to Empirical Approach.
Phung Xuan Nha and Le Quan. Asian Social Science, 2014, volume 10, number 9.

Abstract: The recent problems of Vietnam enterprises’ bankruptcy and ineffective performance under the impact of global financial crisis 2008 - 2009 had raised questions about how important leadership is and how to support leaders in enhancing their leadership in order to keeping their enterprises alive with the hardship. This paper aims to presents an empirical study of business leaders through business decisions they made during 2008-2012 to ensure their companies’ survival; their forecasts and expectations for when the recession is over and the competencies needed for successful leadership in times of recession. The survey sample was composed of 478 CEO and 561 senior managers in Vietnamese private enterprises. The results indicate that 84% of the surveyed leaders agreed with much longer time to tender economic recovery. Besides, forecasted leadership and management performance were just at moderate level, under 3.25 on the average. Struggling with challenges of recession, the leaders recognized some necessary adjustments and adaptations in which business environment becomes increasingly complex and unpredictable and requires greater flexible leaderships. Especially, amongst the 14 factors, sustainability, working enthusiasm and willingness to take risk appear to be more responded in what leaders should do in times of economic downturn. Meantime, it also can be concluded from the survey of senior manager about leader’s needed competences that all values are under 4.0, which means no leadership competencies or skills is evaluated as good or excellent. Free full text http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/viewFile/36570/20556.

Testing the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Bank Performance – An Empirical Study on Vietnamese Banks.
Testing the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Bank Performance – An Empirical Study on Vietnamese Banks.
Tran Thi Thanh Tu, Nguyen Hong Son and Pham Bao Khanh. Asian Social Science, 2014, volume 10, number 9.

Abstract: The paper examines the impact of corporate governance on performance of Vietnamese banks. The Corporate Governance Index has been used to evaluate corporate governance of Vietnamese banks in the period of 2010-2012. The return on equity and return on assets have been used to measure the bank performance. It is found that there is a significant gap between actual practices of corporate governance of Vietnamese banks and the international principles, a statistically significant difference in corporate governance of listed banks and non-listed banks in Vietnam. Better corporate governance is associated with better performance. The authors also have found the positive correlation of disclosure, the role of board of directors, shareholders and shareholder meetings with bank performance in Vietnamese banks. The relationship between supervisory board and bank performance has not been found. These findings lay a foundation for policy makers to make necessary changes to improve corporate governance (i.e role of Board of directors, disclosure and shareholder issues) of banks in Vietnam in the current restructure of the banking system. Free full text http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/viewFile/36591/20576.

The Relationship Between Revenue and Expenditure in the ASEAN Countries.
The Relationship Between Revenue and Expenditure in the ASEAN Countries.
Cosimo Magazzino. East Asia, 2014, pp. 1-19.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between revenue and expenditure in the ASEAN countries. Using annual data for the period between 1980 and 2012 in ten member states, a long-run relationship between government expenditure and revenue emerges, both in ASEAN-6 and ASEAN-10 countries. Granger causality analysis shows mixed results, even though for five ASEAN countries the predominance of “tax-and-spend” hypothesis exists, given that government revenue drives the expenditure. Moreover, mixture models seem to produce homogeneous groups, considering the socio-economic structure, welfare state, and historical aspects. Finally, convergence measures show interesting results, confirming the sample’s heterogeneity. [springer].

Competitive Electricity Market - From Theory to Practical Application in Vietnam.
Competitive Electricity Market - From Theory to Practical Application in Vietnam.
Vu Ngoc Xuan. Asian Journal of Business and Management 2014, volume 2, number 2.

Abstract: Vietnam power market is still in a state monopoly (both monopsony and monopoly). On the market, the Electricity of Vietnam Group (EVN) has the sole power buyer for thermal power plants, hydro power plants ..., and the seller is only for consumers on the electricity market. Consumers only have a choice to buy electricity sold by EVN. In this article, the authors mention the problem in a competitive electricity market based on the experience Vietnam electricity market reform in the countries of the world. [Xuan-2014]. Free full text http://ajouronline.com/index.php?journal=AJBM&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=1098.


**Education and training

Renovating early childhood education pedagogy: a case study in Vietnam.
Renovating early childhood education pedagogy: a case study in Vietnam.
Dang Phuong Thao and Wendy Anne Boyd. International Journal of Early Years Education, 2014, pp. 1-13.

Abstract: Since 2003, the Vietnamese government has prioritised curriculum reform efforts and commitment to improving the quality of the national curriculum. The Vietnamese early childhood education renovation has encountered considerable changes and challenges, particularly in the area of pedagogical approaches. Many early childhood teachers continue to favour direct instruction over more appropriate teaching practices for early childhood. This paper reviews the implementation and renovation of the revised curriculum over the past 10 years in Vietnam, and examines the changing realities of early childhood teachers' work to explore ways to implement and sustain changes in pedagogy in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. The paper explores how changing societal expectations and the changing educational philosophies and resultant pedagogy have impacted on the beliefs and practices of early childhood teachers. The teaching profession, as a whole, is facing ongoing change and challenge; not only are ongoing educational reforms redefining teachers' work, but increasing teacher attrition and turnover also creates problems for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Lam Dong province. The paper concludes with suggestions for areas for future research in Vietnam in the field of ECEC. [t-f].

Sustaining Quality in Higher Education in Southeast Asia through Understanding Generational Changes.
Sustaining Quality in Higher Education in Southeast Asia through Understanding Generational Changes.
Nirwan Idrus, Poh Kiat Ng and Kian Siong Jee. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2014, volume 14, number 16, pp. 1819-1827.

Abstract: This study presents results of research into generational characteristics of rmiversity students in Southeast Asia. The pwpose of this investigation is to help academics particularly in Southeast Asian rmiversities make their teaching and thus their students' learning more effective. Literature shows that an extensive amormt of work on this has been done in North America and the results of these works are treated as a benchmark that Southeast Asian nniversities in their attempts to achieve the pwpose above could use. Data about Southeast Asian students were collected through a smvey instnnnent developed following the extensive literature review of North American investigation of their so called Network Generation or Net Gen. Smveys were carried out at two mriversities in Malaysia, two nniversities in Indonesia and one mriversity in The Philippines. High correlations in the results of the smvey between the three conntries were obtained. Results of this research show that Southeast Asian mriversity students matched only five out of the twelve characteristics identified in North American students. This study explores this finding further. While recognizing the characteristics of the students is pivotal to effective learning style, that knowledge will also be important to international agencies that provide frmding and expertise to developing conntries. This work and the resulting specific follows-up are novel for Southeast Asia and will change a whole host of higher education practices in the region. [ebsco].

Exploring the experience of children with disabilities at school settings in Vietnam context.
Exploring the experience of children with disabilities at school settings in Vietnam context.
Tran Van Kham. SpringerPlus, 2014, volume 3.

Abstract: The initial findings from 230 questionnaires’ survey and 36 interviews, in which informants are CWD, children with non-disabilities (CWND), parents of CWD, and teachers in school settings, are stated as: (a) the general understanding of disability is based on medical model and individual model rather than social model, such understandings contribute great impacts to the CWD’s experiences in their daily life in general and in school contexts in particular; (b) the most important difficulties which CWD experience at school are those of learning facilities, the empathy from their student peers and barriers in the physical environment; (c) the ways which CWD try to deal with such difficulties are mostly ‘do-by-themselves’ or try to adapt themselves rather than asking for supports actively. Based on these findings, recommendations for having further activities to change social awareness of disabilities, specific support structures for CWD and school staff are stated in order to promote the social inclusion of CWD in schools. [Kham-2014.pdf]. Free full text http://www.springerplus.com/content/3/1/103.

Inclusion in Vietnam: An intersectionality perspective on girls with disabilities and education.
Inclusion in Vietnam: An intersectionality perspective on girls with disabilities and education.
Xuan-Thuy Nguyen and Claudia Mitchell. Childhood, 2014.

Abstract: This article explores the challenges related to the inclusion of girls with disabilities in Vietnamese schools. Building on fieldwork which interrogates the institutional treatment of girls with disabilities in the Vietnamese context, we suggest that there is a need to think more critically about the inclusion and exclusion of girls with disabilities within social and educational policies. The issues that we will discuss are taken from a theoretical and methodological standpoint. First, there is a need for rethinking the intersection between disability and gender in educational policies and practices; second, we emphasize the need for understanding the implications of inclusion and exclusion in global/national/local contexts in relation to girls with disabilities; and finally, we suggest that using innovative methodological approaches is important to foster inclusion and social change.


**Environment

Bayesian occupancy monitoring for Annamite endemic biodiversity in central Vietnam.
Bayesian occupancy monitoring for Annamite endemic biodiversity in central Vietnam.
ThomasN E. Gray, Hoa Anh Nguyen Quang and Thien Nguyen Van. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014, volume 23, number 6, pp. 1541-1550.

Abstract: Given the crisis facing South-east Asian biodiversity evidence led conservation, including assessing the impact of innovative protected area management models, is urgently needed. Bayesian statistics provide an intuitive way to interpret biodiversity monitoring data but are largely unused, or poorly understood, by field biologists and protected area managers. We built Bayesian occupancy models for two threatened endemics of the Annamite mountains: northern yellow-cheeked gibbon Nomascus (gabriellae) annamensis and crested argus Rheinardia ocellata ocellata based on auditory surveys in three protected areas in central Vietnam. Occupancy of 2 × 2-km grid cells across the landscape was 0.76 ± SE 0.03 for northern yellow-cheeked gibbon and 0.68 ± SE 0.05 for crested argus. Models predicted higher probability of gibbon occurrence at lower elevations and higher probability of crested argus presence with increasing dense forest cover. Bayesian modeling is a useful tool for assessing the effectiveness of conservation interventions and for measuring progress against conservation goals. The wider application of Bayesian statistics in conservation monitoring should allow more intuitive and user-friendly representation of sampling uncertainty, including visual representation of probability distributions and more rigorous testing for changes in the status of conservation targets. [springer].

Hydrological and hydrogeological characterization of groundwater and river water in the North Hanoi industrial area, Vietnam.
Hydrological and hydrogeological characterization of groundwater and river water in the North Hanoi industrial area, Vietnam.
NguyenVan Giang, LeNgoc Thanh and others. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, volume 71, number 11, pp. 4915-4924.

Abstract: Degradation of groundwater quality by human activities is a widespread environmental problem in Vietnam. Groundwater there is a major source of water for domestic and industrial purposes. This paper reviews, compiles, and comprehensively analyzes spatiotemporal variations of hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of shallow and deep groundwater aquifers in northern Hanoi industrial zones and in nearby Red River water. Groundwater level, electrical conductivity, and water temperature were measured in six monitoring wells, complemented by anion, cation, and stable isotope analyses of ground and surface water. The results show that the groundwater in both shallow and deep aquifers was fresh, but mainly calcium-bicarbonate type contaminants and human activities affect groundwater and surface water composition. With the goal of devising sustainable water use regulations, more research must be directed toward long-term monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality, as well as toward detailed investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of local aquifers in the study area. [springer].

Rubber Plantations Expand in Mountainous Southeast Asia: What Are the Consequences for the Environment?
Rubber Plantations Expand in Mountainous Southeast Asia: What Are the Consequences for the Environment?
Jefferson M. Fox, Jean-Christophe Castella and others. AsiaPacific Issues - East-West Center, 2014, volume 114.

Abstract: For centuries, farmers in the mountainous region of mainland Southeast Asia have practiced shifting cultivation, with plots of land cultivated temporarily and then allowed to revert to secondary forest for a fallow period. Today, more than one million hectares have been converted to rubber plantation. By 2050, the area under rubber trees in the montane regions of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and China's Yunnan Province is predicted to increase fourfold. Preliminary research suggests this massive land-use change could lead to drier conditions at the local level plus surface erosion, loss of soil quality, sedimentation and disruption of streams, and risk of landslides. And it appears that when primary or secondary forests are converted to rubber, carbon emissions are likely to increase. Despite environmental concerns, both local farmers and outside entrepreneurs are likely to continue expanding rubber plantations because of high economic returns. Production systems that provide the best balance between economic return and environmental sustainability are needed to improve the long-term outlook for the region. Free full text http://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/rubber-plantations-expand-in-mountainous-southeast-asia-what-are-the-consequences-the-e.

Using contingent valuation method to estimate the WTP for mangrove restoration under the context of climate change: A case s...
Using contingent valuation method to estimate the WTP for mangrove restoration under the context of climate change: A case study of Thi Nai lagoon, Quy Nhon city, Vietnam.
Tran Huu Tuan, Nguyen Hoang Diem My and others. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2014, volume 95, pp. 198-212.

Abstract: Mangroves in Thi Nai lagoon have typically provided different values for local communities. This study examines the factors influencing on the willingness to pay (WTP) of respondents for mangrove restoration in Thi Nai lagoon, Quy Nhon city, Binh Dinh province, Vietnam. A contingent valuation survey was employed in order to estimate the willingness to pay for mangrove restoration under the context of climate change. Findings showed that local awareness of the importance of the values given by mangroves was popularized among local communities. Noticeably, regression results indicated that respondents who consider the future climate scenario is severe are willing to pay more for mangrove restoration. In addition, households with permanent housing condition or whose livelihoods have greater dependence on the mangroves are willing to have higher contribution for mangrove restoration. The study suggests that local awareness of the mangroves importance, as well as the necessity of mangrove protection and restoration, should be publicly enhanced in the context of climate change and urbanization. Since mangroves can make significant contribution to reduce climate change impacts, the urban expansion plan of Quy Nhon city should be carefully considered as it can influence the existence of the mangroves in the long term. [sci-dir]. Free full text http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569114001021.

Vietnam case study report MK12 – The impact of Water Supply Infrastructure on floods and droughts in the Mekong region and ...
Vietnam case study report MK12 – The impact of Water Supply Infrastructure on floods and droughts in the Mekong region and the implications for food security.
CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food - CPWF Mekong. ICEM and IWRP, 2014.

Abstract: This case study aims to begin to fill the research gap on the impact of WSI on flood and droughts and the implications for food security. The objective of the case study was to identify the impacts of a reservoir on the flood and drought regime experienced by downstream communities and to attempt to link these to implications on food security. The Srepok 4 reservoir and Srepok 4A channel were chosen as the case study sites and to achieve the objective the case study team set the following research question: How has Srepok 4 affected downstream communities’ experience of extreme flood and drought and what are the subsequent impacts on food security? –

The study results provide us with contrasting answers to the research question. The hydrological analysis, albeit only indicative at this stage, indicates that the construction of the Srepok 4 and 4A have been beneficial for downstream communities by decreasing the frequency and severity of extreme floods and droughts. The results of the community survey are more mixed. They indicate that the reservoirs have had a negative impact on food security by increasing the frequency and severity of drought, although they also indicate that the severity of floods has decreased. The contrasting results of the hydrological analysis versus the community survey indicates the importance of multiple assessments when analyzing flood and drought impacts. A purely hydrological analysis doesn’t take into account spatial variability of village access to the river and irrigation works. Community surveys can be skewed by communities’ location compared to the river, perceptions and ability to remember specific events. This was evidenced by the wide variety of survey answers and by the inability for most interviewees to accurately remember drought years. These findings illustrate the complexity of developing broad conclusions of hydropower impacts, particularly in highly socially, agriculturally and ecologically diverse areas such as the Srepok River Basin. [CGIAR-2014.pdf]. Free full text http://www.optimisingcascades.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/AAS1205-REP-003-02_Case-study-report-Srepok-15-02-2014.pdf.


**Governance

ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights: civil society organizations’ limited influence on ASEAN.
ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights: civil society organizations’ limited influence on ASEAN.
André Asplund. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 2014, volume 7, number 2, pp. 191-199.

Abstract: The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) has received vocal criticism over its lack of ability to protect human rights in ASEAN. The commission, instead focusing on promotion of human rights, has thus been called ?window-dressing?, conveniently shielding ASEAN from outside criticism. Nonetheless, it has been argued that it is due to strife lobbying by civil society organizations (CSOs) that AICHR has been established, and that potential strengthening of AICHR is dependent on CSOs? ability to further influence ASEAN.By using insights from the origin of the European Convention on Human Rights, and by drawing on empirical data regarding the origin of AICHR, this article argues that the impact of CSOs on the origin of AICHR has in fact been limited, and that a general consensus on the norms that are being prescribed seems needed in order for any progressive development of the commission to take place. [t-f].

Deconstructing the "Socialist" Rule of Law in Vietnam: The Changing Discourse on Human Rights in Vietnam's Constitutional Re...
Deconstructing the "Socialist" Rule of Law in Vietnam: The Changing Discourse on Human Rights in Vietnam's Constitutional Reform Process.
Bui H. Thiem. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International & Strategic Affairs, 2014, volume 36, number 1, pp. 77-100.

Abstract: Over the past two decades, efforts by the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) to build a "socialist" rule of law through legal and judicial reforms have contributed to the vibrant constitutional politics in the country. During the process of amending the 1992 Constitution, the socialist theoretical foundations of the Constitution quietly shifted as a result of new thinking and values. The complex interactions of old and new ideological precepts were prominently reflected by the changing discourse of human rights during debates about amendments to the 1992 Constitution. This article investigates the development of the "socialist" rule of law and the changes taking place in the discourse of human rights during the constitutional reform process in Vietnam. In setting out the context and content of constitutional reform, it seeks to deconstruct the socialist rule of law and interpret the discourse of human rights accordingly. In doing so, the mechanisms by which human rights have been socialized will be unpacked to make sense of subtle changes in the human rights discourse. Furthermore, the paper aims to uncover the implications of such a change for the development of Vietnam's human rights regime. [ebsco].

Constitutional Politics in Southeast Asia: From Contestation to Constitutionalism?
Constitutional Politics in Southeast Asia: From Contestation to Constitutionalism?
Bjorn Dressel and Marco Bunte. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International & Strategic Affairs, 2014, volume 36, number 1, pp. 1-22.

Abstract: Over the last twenty-five years the constitutional landscape of Southeast Asia has changed tremendously. As in the rest of the world, states in the region are dramatically altering their constitutions, often putting in place institutional safeguards for individual rights, such as constitutional courts and human rights commissions. Yet despite the numerous formal changes, actual constitutional practice in the region has been highly uneven. Four areas are particularly contested: constitutional drafting and design; individual and religious rights; the role of the military in constitutional politics; and the rule of law, courts and justice. How states in Southeast Asia resolve unfolding conflicts in these four areas will be critical to how constitutionalism evolves in the region. Replacing traditional legal scholarship with a new perspective on how constitutional politics are contested in the region, this article seeks to advance the scholarly debate by delving deeply into the dynamics that underpin unfolding constitutionalism trajectories and assessing whether countries in the region are actually deepening constitutional practice in a Western liberal sense or whether the model that seems to be emerging is quite different. [ebsco].

Ways of Constitution-Making in Southeast Asia: Actors, Interests, Dynamics.
Ways of Constitution-Making in Southeast Asia: Actors, Interests, Dynamics.
Aurel Croissant. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International & Strategic Affairs, 2014, volume 36, number 1, pp. 23-50.

Abstract: This article analyses eleven cases of constitution-making in eight Southeast Asian countries since 1986. It investigates design choices and actors' interests, the link between the form of the political regime and the extent to which process designs matter for the legitimacy of the constitutional orders in the region. In doing so, the article demonstrates that the link between the form of the political regime and the extent to which constitution-making is inclusive or participatory is less clear-cut. While we would expect better opportunities for public participation and broader inclusion of extra-parliamentary actors in constitution-making in democratic environments, the empirical evidence is mixed. If and how this matters for public support for a constitution and the social acceptance for the constitutional order is not clear. In fact, the Southeast Asian experience seems to indicate that procedural legitimacy is less relevant for the acceptance of a constitution than the legitimacy that derives from the "day-to-day plebiscite" by citizens and elites. [ebsco].


**Health  

Brief on the links between nutrition, inequality and insecurity in Asia Pacific.
Brief on the links between nutrition, inequality and insecurity in Asia Pacific.
Laura Rodriguez Takeuchi. The Health Resource Facility of Australian Government and Overseas Development Institute (ODI), 2014.

Abstract: This brief aims to explore the links between nutrition, food price stability and civil unrest in Asia Pacific and the role of inequality in connecting these, with a focus on Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste and Solomon Islands as case study countries. There are numerous factors that may contribute to civil unrest. We focus on the role of food prices as well as wider social inequalities and exclusion, manifested (and indeed perpetuated) by high rates of undernutrition. ‘The politics of undernutrition have long been neglected’ (Gillespie et al. 2013) and we aim to inform this debate. We begin with a short overview of inequalities in nutrition. This is followed by a review of the recent food price shocks and the mobilizations that followed them. We provide some preliminary conclusions at the end. Free full text http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8942.pdf.

Dengue in ASEAN countries: A simple review on prevalence and current approaches.
Dengue in ASEAN countries: A simple review on prevalence and current approaches.
Kingston Rajiah, Ang Shen Chaei and others. Indo American journal of pharmaceutical research, 2014, volume 4, number 4, pp. 1857-1866.

Abstract: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that present as a health burden in many countries especially the South East Asia countries: Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia and Vietnam. This is a disease that requires behavioural change that emphasise on the social mobilisation and communication activities to prevent and control dengue transmission. Communication is vital to achieve a common understanding that in turn allows social mobilisation to be implemented. Social mobilisation involves all relevant segments of society that engage the people‟s participation to achieve a goal with a direction. Free full text http://www.scopemed.org/?mno=159412.

Evolution and Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses.
Evolution and Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses.
Chakradhar Tosh, Shanmugasundaram Nagarajan and others. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2014, volume 2, number 4S, pp. 33-41.

Abstract: The Asian lineage of H5N1 avian influenza virus emerged from geese (A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96) in China in 1996, and is continuing its spread infecting domestic poultry, other birds and sporadic infection to humans revealing its pandemic potential. Since late 2003, H5N1 virus has been reported over 60 counties in Asia, Europe and Africa killing millions of poultry and infected humans in 16 countries with a total of 650 confirmed cases including 386 fatal have been reported to WHO. Spread of H5N1 virus has been linked with bird migration, although trade of poultry and poultry products has also been attributed in the spread. During the last one and half decades of circulation in poultry, the H5N1 virus has undergone significant genetic diversification leading to emergence of 10 major virus clades (clades 0-9), with subsequent diversification into 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th- order clades. Vaccination is one of the strategies for control and prevention of H5N1 virus infection; however, some countries still face challenges to eliminate H5N1 virus in poultry. One of the major problems is antigenic drift in viruses that develops due to vaccine pressure, particularly when vaccination is not implemented properly. Two classes of anti-viral drugs (neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes) are available for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza; however, there is emergence of drug resistant variants in poultry and humans. Wide-spread circulation and ever changing nature of H5N1 virus make avian influenza control program more difficult. Therefore, educational programs to enhance awareness on avian influenza, animal husbandry practices and biosecurity measures are important in control of the disease. Free full text http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/files/Nexus_347.pdf.

High prevalences of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults living in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam.
High prevalences of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults living in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam.
Do Son Huy, Hiroko Yamada and others. Hepatology Research, 2014.

Abstract:

Aims: Vietnam is one of countries with the highest mortality of liver cancer, which is mostly attributed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. For planning preventive strategies against these infections, we investigated prevalences of HBV and HCV infections among adults living in Binh Thuan, Vietnam. –

Methods: Our study consisted of serological survey for HBV and HCV infections and questionnaire survey on their risk factors. Sample size was calculated based on anticipated rate of HBsAg. Subjects were randomly sampled using multistage method. Confirmation and family-tree surveys were conducted to examine persistent HBV infection and intrafamilial HBV transmission, respectively. –

Results: Totally 509 adults, including 230 males (45.2%) and 279 females (54.8%), were enrolled. Prevalences of HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb were 15.3%, 60.3% and 71.7%, respectively. Most HBV DNA-positive sera were classified as genotype B (75.3%), and C (11.7%). Of HBsAg-positive subjects, 96.7% were persistently infected and one acutely HBV infected person was identified. Family-tree surveys suggested that horizontal extra-familial HBV transmission might be frequent. Prevalences of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were 3.4% and 1.8%, respectively. HCV genotype 6a was prominent (55.6%). Age and family history of liver disease were associated with HBsAg seropositivity while age was related to anti-HCV seropositivity. –

Conclusions: In Binh Thuan, prevalences of HBV and HCV infections are high, HBV genotype B and HCV genotype 6a are predominant, and horizontal HBV transmission might still occur. Therefore, raising the coverage of universal HBV vaccination program might be an effective liver cancer control in Vietnam. [wiley].

The regulation of private hospitals in Asia.
The regulation of private hospitals in Asia.
Rosemary Morgan and Tim Ensor. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 2014.

Abstract: Private providers play a significant role in the provision of health services in low and middle income countries (LMICs), and the number of private hospitals is increasing rapidly. The growth of the sector has drawn attention to the many problems that are often associated with this sector and the need for effective regulation if private providers are to contribute to the effective provision of healthcare. This paper outlines three main regulatory strategies— command and control, incentives, and self-regulation, providing examples of each approach in Asia. Traditionally, command and control regulatory instruments have dominated the regulation of private hospitals in Asia; however, when deciding on which approach is most appropriate, it is important to consider the goal of the regulation, the context in which it is to be implemented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This paper concludes that regulation needs to extend beyond command and control to include a full range of mechanisms. Doing so will help address many of the challenges found within individual approaches, in addition to helping address the regulatory challenges particular to many LMICs. [Morgan&Ensor-2014.pdf].

Socioeconomic Factors Relevant to the Inequity in Antenatal Care Accessibility in Vietnam.
Socioeconomic Factors Relevant to the Inequity in Antenatal Care Accessibility in Vietnam.
Mami Wakabayashi. Cross-Cultural Communication, 2014, volume 10, number 2, pp. 48-56.

Abstract: Introduction: To inform maternal health improvements, the purpose of this study was to identify the socioeconomic factors affecting access to basic antenatal care (ANC). -- Methods: 1,360 women (aged 15-49 years) from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey were classified according to the frequency of ANC and the health assessments completed. -- Results: Low education was the strongest determinant for refusal to use ANC (OR: 9.2-39.3; p < .01) and frequency of use below the three recommended visits (OR: 6.9-39.3; p < .01). In terms of quality of care, low income (OR: 5.6-25.6; p < .01) and living in the Northern Midland and Mountain area (OR: 5.9-8.1; p < .01) were associated with incomplete care. -- Conclusions: Different approaches are needed for each group, including measures such as improving health literacy and advocating for better services in low-income regions. [Wakabayashi-2014.pdf].

Translation, cultural adaptation and field-testing of the Thinking Healthy Program for Vietnam.
Translation, cultural adaptation and field-testing of the Thinking Healthy Program for Vietnam.
Jane Fisher, Hau Nguyen and others. Globalization and Health, 2014, volume 10, number 1, p. 37.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Depression and anxiety are prevalent among women in low- and lower-middle income countries who are pregnant or recently delivered. There is promising evidence that culturally-adapted, evidence-informed, perinatal psycho-educational programs implemented in local communities are effective in reducing mental health problems. The Thinking Healthy Program (THP) has proved effective in Pakistan. The aims were to adapt the THP for rural Vietnam; establish the program's comprehensibility, acceptability and salience for universal use, and investigate whether administration to small groups of women might be of equivalent effectiveness to administration in home visits to individual women.

METHODS:The THP Handbook and Calendar were made available in English by the program developers and translated into Vietnamese. Cultural adaptation and field-testing were undertaken using WHO guidance. Field-testing of the four sessions of THP Module One was undertaken in weekly sessions with a small group in a rural commune and evaluated using baseline, process and endline surveys.

RESULTS:The adapted Vietnamese version of the Thinking Healthy Program (THP-V) was found to be understandable, meaningful and relevant to pregnant women, and commune health centre and Women's Union representatives in a rural district. It was delivered effectively by trained local facilitators. Role-play, brainstorming and small-group discussions to find shared solutions to common problems were appraised as helpful learning opportunities.

CONCLUSIONS:The THP-V is safe and comprehensible, acceptable and salient to pregnant women without mental health problems in rural Vietnam. Delivery in facilitated small groups provided valued opportunities for role-play rehearsal and shared problem solving. Local observers found the content and approach highly relevant to local needs and endorsed the approach as a mental health promotion strategy with potential for integration into local universal maternal and child health services. These preliminary data indicate that the impact of the THP-V should be tested in its complete form in a large scale trial. Free full text http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/10/1/37.

Estimation of Current and Future Generation of Medical Solid Wastes In Hanoi City, Vietnam.
Estimation of Current and Future Generation of Medical Solid Wastes In Hanoi City, Vietnam.
Duc Luong Nguyen, Xuan Thanh Bui and The Hung Nguyen. International Journal of Waste Resources, 2014, volume 4, number 2.

Abstract: Management of medical waste is of great importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause adverse impacts on human health and environment. The objectives of this study were to estimate the current generation of medical solid waste and its existing management practices in Hanoi city, Vietnam. This study also aimed at providing the predictions for future generation of medical solid waste that could serve as scientific basis for planning of medical waste management in Hanoi city. Based on the collected secondary data, the analyses indicated that the generation rate of total medical waste (including normal and hazardous medical waste) is 0.86 kg/bed.day, in which the generation rate of hazardous medical waste is 0.14 kg/bed.day. The major problem associated with existing management practices of medical waste is the treatment and disposal stage. There are no official recycling activities for normal medical waste at present although its legal basis has been setting up in the Medical Waste Management Regulation in 2007 issued by Ministry of Health. With respect to the treatment of hazardous medical waste, incinerators-the major applied technology are being operated inefficiently. For overcoming these obstacles, the local government and relating agencies need to put more effort, in terms of financial and human resources, in facilitating the official recycling activities for normal medical waste and developing more environmentally-friendly alternative treatment technologies for medical waste, towards the gradual replacement of unnecessary incineration. The study predicted that in 2020 and 2030, the quantities of total medical waste generated in Hanoi city would be 30.44 and 46.05 tons/day, respectively which 1.7 and 2.6 times higher than those in 2010. This would be challenging the local government in managing medical waste generated in the future. [Luong-etal-2014]. Free full text http://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/estimation-of-current-and-future-generation-of-medical-solid-wastes-in-hanoi-city-vietnam-2252-5211.1000139.pdf.


**Labor

Strike Wave in Vietnam, 2006–2011.
Strike Wave in Vietnam, 2006–2011.
Kaxton Siu and Anita Chan. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2014, pp. 1-21.

Abstract: Vietnam has witnessed more strikes than any other Asian country in the past decade, despite its vibrant economy. However, this regular industrial action has not deterred foreign investors from setting up manufacturing facilities in the country, as wages are about half those of China. Beneath the wildcat strike culture lies a deterioration in living standards to the extent that some Vietnamese workers have to conserve energy due to inadequate food and malnutrition. The article presents an analysis of more than a decade of strikes in Vietnam, moving from a period of relative industrial peace to a strike wave. Using statistical data, it argues that the Vietnamese state?s macroeconomic policy and inability to control inflation are partly responsible for the country?s deteriorating conditions, as is capital exploitation. Foreign investors are increasing impatience with these labour disturbances and are relentlessly pressuring the Vietnamese government to suppress strikes, but thus far the Vietnamese government has shown no signs of doing so. [t-f].


**Women and child issues

Trafficking experiences and psychological dysfunction among female trafficking survivors returning to Vietnam.
Trafficking experiences and psychological dysfunction among female trafficking survivors returning to Vietnam.
PhuongThao D Le. The Lancet, 2014.

Abstract:

Background: Studies have shown high levels of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in female trafficking survivors and that mental disorders might be associated with factors such as pretrafficking childhood abuse, trafficking trauma, and unmet needs at post-trafficking. No study has provided comparisons of trafficking experiences and subsequent psychological dysfunction between individuals trafficked for different types of exploitation. –

Methods: A cross-sectional convenience sample of trafficked women and girls returning to and receiving assistance through a post-trafficking project in Vietnam’s northern border region were recruited for the study. Participants who provided informed consent were interviewed about demographic characteristics, trafficking experiences including trafficking trauma, and self-reported health. Psychological dysfunction was assessed by a score on the self-reporting questionnaire-20 items. Univariate and bivariate statistics were done to examine distributions of trafficking experience and psychological dysfunction between women trafficked into sex work, marriage, and domestic servitude. Multivariate regression analyses were done to determine predictive factors of psychological status in this sample of returning trafficking survivors.  –

Findings 80 of 92 participants who agreed to participate in the study had complete data for the dependent variable; of whom 23 reported being trafficked into sex work, 15 into marriages, 12 into domestic servitude, and 30 in other/missing category. In the sample, age at trafficking averaged at 21•0 years (SD 5•5, range 14–45), duration of trafficking averaged at 7•9 months (SD 12•2, range 0–58), and most (n=57) were rescued by the police. Participants reported an average of 5•5 trauma items (of 18, SD 3•9, range 0–14). Individuals in domestic servitude reported the most amount of trauma (mean 8•4, SD 2•7, range 4–12), followed by those in sex work (mean 6•1, SD 3•9, range 0–14), and then those in marriages (mean 4•8, SD 2•7, range 0–10). The sample averaged a self-reporting questionnaire-20 score of 7•2 (SD 3•8, range 0–20). Regression analysis showed that individuals trafficked into marriages and domestic servitude reported significantly more psychological dysfunction than those trafficked into sex work, when adjusted for age, marital status, trafficking duration, and trafficking trauma (marriage: b=3•02, SE 1•17, p=0•012; domestic servitude: b=2•47, SE 1•21, p=0•045). –

Interpretation: Trafficking trauma and post-trafficking psychological dysfunction might be different between women trafficked into sex work, marriages, or domestic servitude. Provision of services for trafficking survivors should assess the types and severity of trauma and mental health status while remaining cognisant of the specific type of exploitation. Further evidence is needed to determine if these patterns are present in other samples of trafficking survivors. Free full text http://download.thelancet.com/flatcontentassets/pdfs/CUGH-2014/CUGH_abstracts_p3_50_Part44.pdf.

Affective Economies in the Governance of Trafficking and Sex Work in Vietnam.
Affective Economies in the Governance of Trafficking and Sex Work in Vietnam.
Nadine Voelkner. Global Society, 2014, volume 28, number 3, pp. 375-390.

Abstract: Since Vietnam's advances in "capitalist globalisation" in the late 1980s, it is argued to have become a source and destination country of trafficking in men, women and children. Considered a global problem, human trafficking draws together an array of national and international actors, governing logics and practices in its global governance. This article examines how, in the prevention of trafficking in women and children in Vietnam, a global neoliberal governance logic converged with socialism. Specifically, it focuses on one site where this can be seen playing out, namely in the attempt to prevent trafficking in women and children in the Mekong Delta area in the mid-2000s. The article draws particular attention to the affective economies at play in the discursive regimes of Vietnamese femininity deployed to prevent the trafficking of women and girls. It thereby complements a Foucauldian reading of governance with Ahmed's work on the cultural politics of emotions. [t-f]. Free full text http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2014.900740.

A nationally representative epidemiological and risk factor assessment of child mental health in Vietnam.
A nationally representative epidemiological and risk factor assessment of child mental health in Vietnam.
Bahr Weiss, Minh Dang and others. in: International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 2014.

Abstract: As part of the global mental health movement’s focus on identifying and reducing international disparities, this study conducted the first nationally representative child mental health epidemiological survey in Vietnam. We assessed as risk/protective factors several family social structure characteristics (e.g., presence of grandparents, number of siblings in the home) of particular relevance to non-Western countries. Epidemiological data using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were collected at 60 sites in 10 of Vietnam’s 63 provinces selected to provide a nationally representative sample, which included 1,314 adult informants of children 6 to 16 years of age, and 591 children aged 12 to 16. Vietnamese children’s mental health functioning was reported overall to be better by approximately a third standard deviation than the international average; this international difference was particularly large for externalizing (behavior) problems as compared with internalizing (emotional) problems, suggesting that a cultural problem suppression model may be operating in Vietnam. Significant variability in mental health problems was found across provinces, emphasizing the need for nationally representative samples when conducting child mental health epidemiological surveys. Contrary to many other studies, in Vietnam higher SES was found to be a risk factor for attention/hyperactivity problems.

Youth Vulnerabilities in Life-course Transitions.
Youth Vulnerabilities in Life-course Transitions.
Abby Hardgrove, Kirrily Pells and others. UNDP Human Development Report Office OCCASIONAL PAPER, 2014.

Abstract: This paper examines youth vulnerabilities, with a particular emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. It touches on the challenges confronted by young people exposed to extreme, life-threatening circumstances, such as political violence and armed conflict, but focuses on vulnerabilities that emerge in key transitions experienced by most young people, such as those linked to school, work, partnership and parenthood. Such vulnerabilities not only hold young people back, but also are a barrier to capitalising on the demographic dividend. The paper employs a life-course perspective, highlighting the relationship between early influences and later outcomes, and examining individual life trajectories within a societal context. It draws on a range of secondary sources, and it makes extensive use of life-course analysis from Young Lives, a longitudinal study of children growing up in poverty in Ethiopia, Andhra Pradesh (India), Peru and Viet Nam. It concludes by highlighting policy implications. Free full text http://www.younglives.org.uk/publications/PP/youth-vulnerabilities-life-course-transitions.



________________________________
Vũ Thị Nha (Ms)
Librarian
Vietnam Development Information Center
The World Bank in Vietnam
2nd floor, 63 Ly Thai To, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tel: 84-4-3934 6845
Fax: 84-4-3934 6847
Email: nv...@worldbank.org
Website: www.vdic.org.vn