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First Author's Last Name, First Author's First Name, Second Author's First Name and Last Name, Third Author's First Name and Last Name, Fourth Author's First Name and Last Name, Fifth Author's First Name and Last Name, and Sixth Author's First Name and Last Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, Year of Publication.

KewalRamani, Angela, Lauren Gilbertson, Mary Ann Fox, and Stephen Provasnik. Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Minorities. NCES 2007-039. Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, 2007.

Note: If a book is listed as 'anonymous', then that word should be included at the beginning of the citation. If not, use of 'anonymous' should generally be avoided and reference can begin with the title.

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Preface (or use Foreword or Introduction) to Title of Book, by Book's Author, inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, Date of Publication.

Note: The format and example above are for how to cite a chapter within a book that contains chapters written by different authors. If you are citing one chapter in a book written by a single author, see 14.106 in The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. for the appropriate citation example.

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Essay." In Title of Book, edited by Name of Editor(s), translated by Name of Translator(s), inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, Date of Publication.

Note: For frequently cited works such as Shakespeare where variation can take place in wording, line numbering, etc., the edition is normally specified in the first note or in the bibliography. The edition must be mentioned if page numbers are cited.

Name of Encyclopedia. s.v. "Title of Article". Publisher, Year of Publication. Article published Month Day, Year of Publication [if no publication or revision date is available, provide an access date]. DOI or stable URL.

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article." In Title of Encyclopedia. Publisher, Year of Publication. Publication or Revision Date [if no publication or revision date is available, provide an access date]. DOI or stable URL [if electronic].

Note: Well-known encyclopedias are often omitted in the Bibliography and only included in the notes. Above is a more formal example. For well known references such as Encyclopaedia Britannica, you can omit publisher and location, but the edition must be included. For lesser known publications, this information should be included. If items are listed alphabetically, use abbreviation "s.v.", short for sub verbo, or "under the word".

Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, edited by Name of Editor, inclusive page numbers. Place of Publication: Name of Publisher, Year of Publication. Format of ebook.

Khan, Paul. "A Civil Religion of Human Rights?" In Civil Religion, Human Rights and International Relations: Connecting People Across Cultures and Traditions, edited by Porsdam Helle, 49-65. Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2012. EBL ebook.

Note: The format and example above are for how to cite a chapter within a book that contains chapters written by different authors. If you are citing one chapter in a book written by a single author, see 14.106 for the appropriate citation example. Include last modified date and URL if applicable.

5. Paul Khan, "A Civil Religion of Human Rights?," in Civil Religion, Human Rights and International Relations: Connecting People Across Cultures and Traditions, ed. Porsdam Helle (Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2012), 52, EBL ebook.

Author of Review's Last Name, Author of Review's First Name. "Title of Article [if any]." Review of Title of Book being reviewed, by Author's First and Last Name. Title of Journal volume number, no. issue number (Year of Publication): page numbers. DOI or stable URL.

Note: Weekly, bimonthly, or monthly magazines, even if numbered by volume and issue, are usually cited by date only. While a specific page number may be cited in a note, the inclusive page numbers of an article may be omitted.

Note: Magazines are often cited only within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed as long as the item has been documented in the text (14.198 and 15.49 (AD)). Above is a more formal example of the citation.

Note: Newspapers are often cited only within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed as long as the item has been documented in the text (14.198). Above is a more formal example of the citation.

Note: In a note or bibliographic entry, it may be useful to add "Final edition," "Midwest edition," or some such identifier. If the paper is is published in several sections, the section number (e.g., sec. 1) or title (e.g., Nation) may be given.

Note: Websites are often cited only within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

Note: Blogs are often cited only within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

Note: Social media is often cited only within the text of the paper. A corresponding bibliography entry is not needed as long as the item has been documented in the text. Above is a more formal example of the citation.

Message Author's Last Name, Message Author's First Name. "Title of Subject or Thread." Title of List or Forum (followed by List or Forum if not part of the title), the Title of any Host Site, the Date of the Message or Post. URL.

Note: Personal communications such as face to face conversation, telephone conversation, text messages, etc. are not typically included in the bibliography. They may be cited in the running text of your paper or a note.

Name of Composer, Conductor, or Performer (depends on who you emphasize in your paper). Title of Recording. Name of Composer, Conductor, and/or Performer (if they are not listed at the beginning of the bibliography entry). Recording Date. Name of Recording Company Music Number, Copyright Date, medium.

Note: The Chicago manual does not provide specific guidance on how to cite Television Series, but the library suggests that you cite as described below based on guidelines for similar citations.

Note: The Chicago manual does not provide specific guidance on how to cite Advertisements, but the library suggests that you cite as described below based on guidelines for similar citations.

A secondary source is a source that quotes or paraphrases another source. An example would be Sontag's On Photography cited in Zelizer's book Remembering to Forget. Use the format below only if you are unable to examine the original source material (e.g. Sontag's On Photography). The Chicago Manual of Style discourages the use of secondary sources.

Example: "No single memory reflects all that is known about a given event, personality, or issue."1 Put the note number at the end of a sentence or clause and after any punctuation, except for the dash.

Unlike previous editions, the Chicago Manual now discourages the use of Ibid in favor of the shortened citation. Should there be multiple notes using the same source, the title of the source may be omitted leaving just the author and the page. The page must be cited for each note even if it has not changed from the previous note.

11. Carol Vogel, "Art in the Present Tense: Politics, Loss and Beauty," New York Times, June 11, 2007, Arts section, East Coast edition. Several African countries were represented in the 52nd Venice Biennale for the first time.

Note: References to the Jewish or Christian scriptures usually appear in text citations or notes rather than bibliographies. Including a Bibliography entry may be used to reference a particular version.

Note: Books of the Bible can be abbreviated, for example, Lev., Num. See 10.44 for when to abbreviate and 10.45-10.47 for full forms, long abbreviations, and short abbreviations. Use a period after the name for the long abbreviation but no period for the short abbreviation.