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[Francisco Raya]

I pulled this chapter together from dozens of sources that were at times somewhat contradictory. Facts on the ground change over time and depend who is telling the story and what audience they're addressing. I tried to create as coherent a narrative as I could. If there are any errors I'd be more than happy to fix them. Keep in mind this article is not a technical deep dive. It's a big picture type article. For example, I don't mention the word microservice even once :-)

Given our discussion in the What is Cloud Computing? chapter, you might expect Netflix to serve video using AWS. Press play in a Netflix application and video stored in S3 would be streamed from S3, over the internet, directly to your device.

Another relevant factoid is Netflix is subscription based. Members pay Netflix monthly and can cancel at any time. When you press play to chill on Netflix, it had better work. Unhappy members unsubscribe.

The client is the user interface on any device used to browse and play Netflix videos. It could be an app on your iPhone, a website on your desktop computer, or even an app on your Smart TV. Netflix controls each and every client for each and every device.

Everything that happens before you hit play happens in the backend, which runs in AWS. That includes things like preparing all new incoming video and handling requests from all apps, websites, TVs, and other devices.

In 2007 Netflix introduced their streaming video-on-demand service that allowed subscribers to stream television series and films via the Netflix website on personal computers, or the Netflix software on a variety of supported platforms, including smartphones and tablets, digital media players, video game consoles, and smart TVs.

Netflix succeeded. Netflix certainly executed well, but they were late to the game, and that helped them. By 2007 the internet was fast enough and cheap enough to support streaming video services. That was never the case before. The addition of fast, low-cost mobile bandwidth and the introduction of powerful mobile devices like smart phones and tablets, has made it easier and cheaper for anyone to stream video at any time from anywhere. Timing is everything.

Building out a datacenter is a lot of work. Ordering equipment takes a long time. Installing and getting all the equipment working takes a long time. And as soon they got everything working they would run out of capacity, and the whole process had to start over again.

The long lead times for equipment forced Netflix to adopt what is known as a vertical scaling strategy. Netflix made big programs that ran on big computers. This approach is called building a monolith. One program did everything.

What Netflix was good at was delivering video to their members. Netflix would rather concentrate on getting better at delivering video rather than getting better at building datacenters. Building datacenters was not a competitive advantage for Netflix, delivering video is.

It took more than eight years for Netflix to complete the process of moving from their own datacenters to AWS. During that period Netflix grew its number of streaming customers eightfold. Netflix now runs on several hundred thousand EC2 instances.

The advantage of having three regions is that any one region can fail, and the other regions will step in handle all the members in the failed region. When a region fails, Netflix calls this evacuating a region.

The header image is meant to intrigue you, to draw you into selecting a video. The idea is the more compelling the header image, the more likely you are to watch a video. And the more videos you watch, the less likely you are to unsubscribe from Netflix.

The first thing Netflix does is spend a lot of time validating the video. It looks for digital artifacts, color changes, or missing frames that may have been caused by previous transcoding attempts or data transmission problems.

A pipeline is simply a series of steps data is put through to make it ready for use, much like an assembly line in a factory. More than 70 different pieces of software have a hand in creating every video.

The idea behind a CDN is simple: put video as close as possible to users by spreading computers throughout the world. When a user wants to watch a video, find the nearest computer with the video on it and stream to the device from there.

In 2007, when Netflix debuted its new streaming service, it had 36 million members in 50 countries, watching more than a billion hours of video each month, streaming multiple terabits of content per second.

At the same time, Netflix was also devoting a lot of effort into all the AWS services we talked about earlier. Netflix calls the services in AWS its control plane. Control plane is a telecommunications term identifying the part of the system that controls everything else. In your body, your brain is the control plane; it controls everything else.

In 2011, Netflix realized at its scale it needed a dedicated CDN solution to maximize network efficiency. Video distribution is a core competency for Netflix and could be a huge competitive advantage.

The number of OCAs on a site depends on how reliable Netflix wants the site to be, the amount of Netflix traffic (bandwidth) that is delivered from that site, and the percentage of traffic a site allows to be streamed.

Within a location, a popular video like House of Cards is copied to many different OCAs. The more popular a video, the more servers it will be copied to. Why? If there was only one copy of a very popular video, streaming the video to members would overwhelm the server. As they say, many hands make light work.

Right now, up to 100% of Netflix content is being served from within ISP networks. This reduces costs by relieving internet congestion for ISPs. At the same time, Netflix members experience a high-quality viewing experience. And network performance improves for everyone.

What may not be immediately obvious is that the OCAs are independent of each other. OCAs act as self-sufficient video-serving archipelagos. Members streaming from one OCA are not affected when other OCAs fail.

Hi guys. The Microsoft Edge is my favorite browser of all times, really, but not when I try to watch netflix or other video streaming services, it always breaks, I have no ideia what to do anymore. Always when I try to play something there's an error and then I need to reload over and over again, sometimes even when I just play the video it stop working when I try to play again. Help me to keep using this best browser that I've ever seen.

I've ever tried to disable hardware acceleration, enable DRM content, install Microsoft Silverlight and a lot of other things, but I didn't get to watch so far without an error I keep receiving these error codes: D7356-7701 and others related. Is there's still something that can be done to really fix theses erros or I just have to be patient and wait for news versions of the browser?

Teleparty is a browser extension for watching TV remotely with friends, e.g., for movie nights with that long-distance special someone. It synchronizes video playback and adds group chat to your favorite streaming sites.Join over 20 million people and use Teleparty to link up with friends and host long distance movie nights and TV watch parties today!As of July 11 2024, version 5.0.1 of Teleparty is up and running with support for 6 services for free, including Netflix, Youtube, Disney Plus, Max and more. Premium users can also subscribe to unlock video chat, premium features like custom reactions, and 7 extra streaming services.Feel free to reach out to us at te...@teleparty.com if you have any questions or run into any issues. Our typical response time is within a few hours.For those users who may be confused and are looking for Netflix Party, you're at the right place! In version 2.0.0 of Netflix Party we added support for three streaming services, with many more on the way. As part of this update we renamed Netflix Party to Teleparty.Version 5.0.1 changes:-Quality improvements and bug fixes-Allow hosts to disable reactions-Fix intermittent disconnects-Improve joining user experience-Spotify search fixVersion 5.0.0 changes:-Manifest v3 support-Quality improvements for Disney+ and Prime VideoVersion 4.6.0 changes:-This month we're adding support for Spotify!-Disney+ next episode fix-PlutoTV and Apple TV+ fixesVersion 4.5.9 changes:-Fix for new Disney+ layoutVersion 4.5.8 changes:-Quality improvements for Netflix, Peacock, Amazon Prime Video, Sling, and Youtube-Improves GIFs in chat sidebarVersion 4.5.7 changes:-Fixes for Hulu and PlutoTV, and Amazon Prime Video's new ad-based plan-This month we're adding 1 new premium service: VikiVersion 4.5.6 changes:-This month we're adding 2 new premium services: Philo and Fubo-Quality improvements to fullscreen mode, Tubi's sidebar and Disney+ ad synchronizationVersion 4.5.5 changes:-Fix joining issues on select servicesVersion 4.5.4 changes:-This month we're adding 2 new services: Disney+ MENA (free) and Sling TV (premium)-Quality improvements to Disney+ partiesVersion 4.5.3 changes:-This month we're adding 3 new premium services: Mubi, Stan, and Crave-Fixes for Apple TV and Paramount+ partiesVersion 4.5.1 changes:-Fixes for Crunchyroll parties with ads Version 4.5.0 changes:-Tubi and PlutoTV parties as free services-JioCinema parties for free users-Fixes for Netflix and HBO MaxVersion 4.4.7 changes:-Fixed issues where some users could not log in or sync because of overloaded serversVersion 4.4.5 changes:-Add forgot password login page, and fixes a few typos-Added Premium support for Apple TV+Version 4.4.3 changes:-HBO Max and Paramount+ parties - Fixes Ad synchronization on ad-based plans-Crunchyroll parties - Fixes playback "unclickable video" issue experienced by some usersVersion 4.4.2 changes:-Improvements to Max and Paramount+ partiesVersion 4.4.1 changes:Fix breaking change that caused users to be unable to join Amazon and Hulu partiesVersion 4.4.0 changes:-Added Premium support for Funimation-Fixes for Max and Paramount+Version 4.3.0 changes: -Added Premium support for Hotstar and Star+-Add Max Support in the US (Free)Version 4.2.1 changes:-Peacock TV improvements-Fix Amazon Prime Video links in popupVersion 4.2.0 changes: Peacock Parties and quality improvements-Added Premium support for Peacock-Fix bug where Paramount+ parties would not work for some titles-Fix synchronization issues on Disney+Version 4.1.0 changes: Upgrade your parties with Video and Voice Chat!- Premium Video / Voice chat support for the extension- Youtube + Paramount bug fixesVersion 4.0.3 changes:-Added Free support for Youtube TV-Crunchyroll FixesVersion 4.0.2 changes:-HBO improvements-Fix confusing wording on Select a video screen in extension popup-Fix bug where changing your premium reactions would log a message in chatVersion 4.0.1 changes: Launching Teleparty Premium!-Added Teleparty Premium support for Paramount+, Crunchyroll, and ESPN+-Show off with premium badges, customize your reactions and personalize your chat experience-Save 43% when you sign up this month!Version 3.9.7 changes:-Added support for Netflix Basic with Ads plansVersion 3.9.6 changes:-Netflix improvements-Disconnection notificationsVersion 3.9.5 changes:-Hulu seeking & synchronization improvements-Fix for breaking Hulu buffering bug on Hulu ad based plans-Fix bug on Netflix where some users could not automatically join partiesVersion 3.9.4 changes:-Hulu Fix for video restart issues for users on ad-based plansVersion 3.9.3 changes:-Youtube join improvements-HBO updateVersion 3.9.2 changes:-Youtube sidebar improvements-HBO Max disconnect fixVersion 3.9.1 changes:-HBO next episode improvements-Youtube full screen bugfix-Reduced extension download sizeVersion 3.9.0 changes:-New streaming service: Youtube support!-HBO fix for breaking changes from HBO Max's new layoutVersion 3.7.0 changes:-Airpod sync improvements so you can take your Airpods off and stay in sync-Automatically rejoin your party when you run into errors-Add supported services to Teleparty popup when you click on the Tp icon-Amazon Prime video id improvements-HBO Max chat formatting fixes-HBO Max fix to autoplay when you navigate to a next episode-Hulu sidebar stays closed when you play/pause with the chat off-Hulu full screen formatting fixVersion 3.6.3 changes:-Fix for Stranger things recap bug on NetflixVersion 3.6.2 changes:-Fix "unexpected error" bug that crash Teleparties on old Chrome versions v91 or lower-Improvements to HBO Max and Amazon Prime Video reconnectionsVersion 3.6.1 changes:We're going through each of our streaming services to fix any synchronization bugs & quality issues. This week the focus is Hulu.-Fix jumpiness when seeking on Hulu-Keep user in session on Hulu on mini-player view-Fix bug where Gifs disappear in full-screen on Hulu-Fix bug where Hulu overlay shows up in the middle of video-Auto-reconnect if you fail to switch episodes in a multi-episode party-Sync quality improvements for users with firewalls on Chrome-Fix chat bug where reaction container disappears when user icon is changedPlease email us at te...@teleparty.com if you have any suggestions for improvements to Teleparty.Version 3.6.0 changes:-Share gifs from your movie/tv show by default-Interactive chat messages that you can hover over-HBO Max fix for multi-episode parties-Sync quality improvements for users with firewallsVersion 3.5.2 changes:-WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) emojis in input chat container-Increased max message length to 1500 characters-Fix uppercase gif_icon bug from v3.5.0 (believe to cause corrupted extension)Version 3.5.1 changes:-Fix for small subset of users unable to start/join parties-Added licensesVersion 3.5.0 changes:Teleparty now supports reactions, emojis, and GIFs!-Implemented Gifs-Implemented Video Reactions-Chat formatting Improvements-Close Netflix Tabs Automatically when you run into a "too many tabs" error joining a party-Hbo Max ImprovementsVersion 3.4.0 changes:At long last Teleparty now has support for emojis. More fun chat features coming soon!-Adds an Emoji Picker to Teleparty-Chat formatting ImprovementsVersion 3.3.2 changes:-Fixed Teleparty "long" party synchronization on Netflix across multiple episodes-Improved Teleparty overlay transparency-Adjusted Teleparty overlay on Chrome to only be visible in active parties-Added unread message counts to Teleparty overlayVersion 3.3.1 changes:-Hide the Teleparty video overlay on HuluVersion 3.3.0 changes:-HBO Max improvements-Move skip button from behind the chat on HBO Max-Fix bug where video plays after skip button is pressed on HBO MAX-Fix bug where video isn't synchronized across HBO MAX w/without ads.-Slight improvements to HBO MAX Synchronization-Fix bug on HBO Max where extension clicks the trailer button instead of the play button-Chat interface improvements-Enable the Teleparty video overlay to create parties for users on chromeVersion 3.2.6 changes:-Fix for chat and cursor issues on NetflixVersion 3.2.5 changes:-Updated internal packages-Fix for HBO Max Language Selection bug where users could not change their language settings for HBO videos on TelepartyVersion 3.2.4.changes:-Fix for Netflix play/pause synchronization-Improvements to user icon selectorVersion 3.2.3 changes:-Quality improvements for Netflix-Added support for Teleparties on ad-based HBO Max plansVersion 3.2.2 changes:-Bug fixes and quality improvements-Bug fix for starting/joining parties on HBO Max on ad-free planVersion 3.2 & 3.2.1 changes:-Increased idle activity timeouts-Bug fixes and quality improvementsVersion 3.1.6 changes:-Bug fixes and quality improvementsVersion 3.1.5 changes:-Fix for Netflix double next episode bug-Fix for HBO Max Full screen issues-Increased Idle Timeout to 45 Minutes-Added mobile launch promotion to top of chat sidebarVersion 3.1.4 changes:-Bug fixes and quality improvements-Fix for HBO fullscreen issuesVersion 3.1.3.2 changes:-Adds auto-join feature to all supported streaming services-Fixes bug where parties would join on HBO Max profile page instead of video player-Fixes chat issues related to new Netflix video player layout-Fixes Netflix experimental video player next episode issuesVersion 3.1.2 changes:-Users who opt in to extra permissions can conveniently join parties without clicking the browser extension iconVersion 3.1.1 changes:-HBO Max bug fixes-Typing indicator improvements-Idle tab fixesVersions 3.0.5-3.1:-Numerous quality improvements and fixes-Improved sync quality on Netflix-Support for experimental Netflix player-Playback rate improvements on Netflix-Fix for an Issue where extension icons would be different after reconnectingVersion 3.0.2 changes:-Added support for Amazon Prime Video-New feature for massive parties with 10000s of viewers (update 2/2)Version 3.0.1 changes:-Fix video playback issues for HBO Max-New feature for massive parties with 10000s of viewers (update 1/2)Version 2.0.5 changes:-Typing fix for Disney+Version 2.0.3/4 changes:-New holiday icons for Christmas & winter holidaysVersion 2.0.2 changes:-Adding 50 new servers for Christmas & winter holidays-Fix for new HBO Max video layout-Quality improvements for Netflix & HuluVersion 2.0.1 changes:-Fixes for the Teleparty update-Fix for Netflix video player experiments breaking chat sidebar for a small subset of users-Fix Disney+ for international users-Fix Hulu sync issues when typingVersion 2.0.0 changes:-Added 3 new services - Disney+, Hulu and HBO-Long parties for binge-watching consecutive episodes in sync-Ad sync for watching along with friends with Hulu ads-Works for HBO Max & HBO Now viewers-Works for Hulu ad-based & ad-free viewers

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