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Dwarka Baoli ( also known as Loharehri Baoli ) is a historical stepwell recently discovered in Dwarka Sub City, in south west New Delhi, India. It was constructed for the residents of Loharehri village by the Sultans of the Lodi Dynasty in the early 16th century. Dwarka now stands where the Loharehri village once stood.[1] Located in a barren stretch of land between a resedential society and a private school on Azad Hind Fauj Marg, Sector 12, Dwarka, it is hidden by a large group of Peepal trees and covered by a thick undergrowth which seems to have aided in its relative obscurity. It will soon come under the protection of the State archeological department and conservation will be taken up by INTACH Delhi Chapter.[2]
Baoli or bawdi, also referred to as baori or bauri, is a Hindi word (from Sanskrit wapi [3][4] or vapi, vapika).[5] Water Temples of India and temple step wells were built in ancient India and the earliest forms of step well and reservoir were also built in India in places like Dholavira as far back as the Indus Valley Civilisation.
Architecture[edit]
The structure shows typical Lodi era architecture with prominent arches along the steps and a well at the end of the baoli. The stepwell is constructed using rubble masonry, common in monuments of that period.[6] Along the steps, two levels of arches are clearly visible. Although the water level has receded leaving the well dry. The baoli seems to have disappeared from the pages of history and bears no mention in the ASI or INTACH heritage list.[7]
Although not as architecturally significant as Agrasen ki baoli and Rajon Ki Baoli, Dwarka Baoli is one-of-its-kind as there is no other structure in the area.
he recent discovery of a baoli or stepwell in Sector 12 of Dwarka has sprung a surprise for researchers. It is situated between a school and a residential society and is believed to date back to the Lodi times. What is now known as Dwarka was originally listed as Pappankalan by the DDA — the nomenclature being derived from the names of a group of villages. Some however think that Pappan was the name of a chieftain and others that it was the abbreviation for a housing scheme. Whatever be the truth, it now emerges that the area, where a large modern township has come up, was the location of many villages that had existed since the time of Raja Dhahji or Dahiya, a feudal ruler of a part of present-day Haryana.
The story (which is worth retelling) goes that one day the raja came to a Jat village where he stopped by a well to quench his thirst. Meanwhile a strong buffalo calf broke free from its owner and ran helter-skelter. Many tried to catch it but failed, until a Jatni, carrying two pitchers of water on her head, put her foot down on the rope trailing along the ground and stayed put despite the calf straining to get free. The raja thought that such a woman would be a fitting mother to a strong line of sons and managed to make her his wife, though she was already married. Thus the Dahiyas came into being. Some of them later became Muslims but retained the surname Dahiya.
The place where the baoli has been found was then known as Loharehri or the locality of lohars or ironsmiths. They were actually nomads from Rajputana who had migrated to Dahiya-land. A baoli built here probably during the time of Sikandar Lodi was perhaps used as much by the lohars as by wayfarers. There must have been other baolis too on the way to Alwar and Jaipur, but only the Loharehri one has come to light. During the Lodi period and before that too, baolis were built by rulers for the welfare of their subjects. Firoz Shah Tughlak built a number of baolis, the most famous one being near the Pir Ghaib monument on the Ridge. The Nizamuddin baoli was built in the time of Ghiyasuddin Tughlak in the 14th Century. Agrasen's baoli is also said to date back to the Lodi era. During Shah Jahan's reign baolis came up in Shajanhanabad and across the Yamuna. Many of them were abandoned as people migrated.
The deserted villages became a wilderness; so did Loharehri. At one time caravans of merchants must have passed that way and their drinking needs met by the baoli which fell into disuse when new roads were constructed. An example is Dhaula Kuan on the old Gurgaon road. It dates back to the time of Shah Alam. When a new road to Gurgaon came up, this well was isolated and later when it was re-discovered, people wondered why on earth such a deep well existed on a lonely stretch.
When Dwarka was inhabited by medieval people, it had its unsophisticated marketplaces and water supply system. In some future age people may wonder why they existed in oblivion, just as we are wondering now, why a 25-step baoli was built in a remote spot surrounded by a cluster of trees and thick vegetation. The poet was right when he wrote: “Yaaron ne itni door basain hain bastian (buddies have made their abodes in such far-off places)!”
Here is an attachment with some details of the WBs in Dwarka. Its nice to see people are slowly getting involved in the revival of WBs of the sub-city which has many historical importance.It is important to mention that some WBs are under Civil Division and some with Hort. Divn.More info to follow.