After years of campaigning for the establishment of an Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) by supporters, in December 2009, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution A/64/48 which decided, among other things, to convene “the United Nations Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty to sit for four consecutive weeks in 2012 to elaborate a legally binding instrument on the highest possible common international standards for the transfer of conventional arms,” with Preparatory Conferences in 2011 and 2012, to be undertaken “in an open and transparent manner, on the basis of consensus, to achieve a strong and robust treaty.”2
The resolution, which was adopted by a vote of 151 in favor to one against, with 20 abstentions, highlighted the importance of respecting international humanitarian and human rights law in arms transfers and recognized the role weak international arms transfer controls play in exacerbating armed conflict, the displacement of people, organized crime, terrorism and damage to socio-economic development.