X-ray App
Ellis Ruan
An x-ray is a type of radiation used to create a picture of the inside of the body. As x-ray beams pass through your body they are absorbed differently by various structures in the body, such as bones and soft tissues, and this is used to create an image. X-ray imaging is also known as radiography.
Some types of x-ray use injected or swallowed contrast dye (contrast media) to improve the images so it is important that you tell the doctor if you have any kidney disease or if you have previously had any allergic reaction to contrast media. Also, tell the doctor if you have difficulty taking a deep breath and holding it.
Contrast dye (also known as contrast medium) is a substance that is sometimes used during plain x-ray, CT scanning, angiography or other tests. It helps to improve the contrast in x-ray images, making it easier to distinguish between normal and diseased or damaged areas. It may be given to you orally (by mouth) or by injection.
A plain x-ray is painless and usually takes less than 15 minutes. It can be done in a hospital or private radiology practice. X-rays are done by a radiographer or medical imaging technologist. The images are reviewed by a a specialist medical doctor called a radiologist.
Yes. An x-ray uses a small amount of radiation to create an image. Some types of x-ray, such as CT scanning and angiography, use higher doses of radiation than plain x-rays. The amount of radiation used is unlikely to cause any serious problems, but if you are concerned you should talk to your doctor.
An X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer is an x-ray instrument used for routine, relatively non-destructive chemical analyses of rocks, minerals, sediments and fluids. It works on wavelength-dispersive spectroscopic principles that are similar to an electron microprobe (EPMA). However, an XRF cannot generally make analyses at the small spot sizes typical of EPMA work (2-5 microns), so it is typically used for bulk analyses of larger fractions of geological materials. The relative ease and low cost of sample preparation, and the stability and ease of use of x-ray spectrometers make this one of the most widely used methods for analysis of major and trace elements in rocks, minerals, and sediment.
The XRF method depends on fundamental principles that are common to several other instrumental methods involving interactions between electron beams and x-rays with samples, including: X-ray spectroscopy (e.g., SEM - EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (microprobe WDS).
The analysis of major and trace elements in geological materials by x-ray fluorescence is made possible by the behavior of atoms when they interact with radiation. When materials are excited with high-energy, short wavelength radiation (e.g., X-rays), they can become ionized. If the energy of the radiation is sufficient to dislodge a tightly-held inner electron, the atom becomes unstable and an outer electron replaces the missing inner electron. When this happens, energy is released due to the decreased binding energy of the inner electron orbital compared with an outer one. The emitted radiation is of lower energy than the primary incident X-rays and is termed fluorescent radiation. Because the energy of the emitted photon is characteristic of a transition between specific electron orbitals in a particular element, the resulting fluorescent X-rays can be used to detect the abundances of elements that are present in the sample.
In theory the XRF has the ability to detect X-ray emission from virtually all elements, depending on the wavelength and intensity of incident x-rays. However...
- In practice, most commercially available instruments are very limited in their ability to precisely and accurately measure the abundances of elements with Z
The length of time needed to do each x-ray depends on the type of x-ray that was ordered for your child. A typical x-ray takes about 10 minutes for positioning, while the actual x-ray exposure takes less than a second.
The NIH Clinical Center recently released over 100,000 anonymized chest x-ray images and their corresponding data to the scientific community. The release will allow researchers across the country and around the world to freely access the datasets and increase their ability to teach computers how to detect and diagnose disease. Ultimately, this artificial intelligence mechanism can lead to clinicians making better diagnostic decisions for patients.
Reading and diagnosing chest x-ray images may be a relatively simple task for radiologists but, in fact, it is a complex reasoning problem which often requires careful observation and knowledge of anatomical principles, physiology and pathology. Such factors increase the difficulty of developing a consistent and automated technique for reading chest X-ray images while simultaneously considering all common thoracic diseases.
Users and owners of x-ray producing machines not used in the healing arts are required to register these machines with the Alabama Office of Radiation Control (the Agency). The Agency categorizes these units as follows:
You may download an application for non-medical x-ray registration (Form NMX) from the Forms page. Applications should be sent to the Radioactive Materials Licensing Branch of the Alabama Office of Radiation Control.
If you wish to be a servicer of non-medical x-ray equipment, you must also register with the Agency. The appropriate form (Registration of Radiation Services For Non-Medical X-Ray Equipment) is also available on our Forms page.
Federal Guidance Report No. 14 provides federal facilities that use diagnostic and interventional x-ray equipment with recommendations for keeping patient doses as low as reasonably achievable without compromising the quality of patient care. This guidance is an update of Federal Guidance Report No. 9, which was issued in 1976.
You will stand against a photographic plate and the radiographer, the health professional who takes the x-rays, will ask you to take a deep breath and hold it (this helps to improve the quality of the x-ray image). Once they have taken the x-ray they will ask you to breathe normally again.
You may have chest x-rays taken from different angles, but they only take a few seconds each time and the whole process usually takes a few minutes. The radiographer will check the images before you leave and tell you when the results will be available to your doctor.
The X-ray Science Division (XSD) enables world-class research using x-rays by developing cutting edge x-ray instrumentation and techniques; pursues research in the physical, chemical, environmental, and materials sciences. To accomplish this mission it fully operates 39 beamlines and is a partner in the operation of 3 more beamlines at the APS.
Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale topological spin structures offering great promise for next-generation memory technologies. However, translating their promise into viable technology requires the ability to modulate skyrmion properties, and their electrical detection under ambient conditions. Partnering with researchers in Singapore we have successfully demonstrated and visualized the control of magnetic properties of skyrmions at room temperature. This was achieved by developing a novel CMOS-compatible thin film material platform enabling the bottom-up control of skyrmion properties. The visualization was achieved by the direct imaging of skyrmions using the CXRO soft x-ray microscope at ALS (BL6.1.2, XM-1). The results demonstrated the ability to modulate the size, density, and stability of skyrmions by varying the thickness of constituent layers - all while using semiconductor industry-compatible fabrication techniques. In conjunction, the world-first electrical detection (Hall effect) of ambient skyrmions was also demonstrated. This breakthrough development provides a stepping stone for realizing stable and highly scalable (10 nm and below) non-volatile memory.
An x-ray examination creates images of your internal organs or bones to help diagnose conditions or injuries. A special machine emits (puts out) a small amount of ionising radiation. This radiation passes through your body and is captured on a special device to produce the image.
The dose of radiation you will receive depends on the area of your body being examined. Smaller areas such as the hand receive a lesser dose compared to a larger area such as the spine. On average, the dose of radiation is roughly the same as you would receive from the general environment in about one week.
A small amount of ionising radiation is passed through the body. In the past, this went onto a sheet of special film. Nowadays x-ray examinations are more likely to use a device that will capture transmitted x-rays to create an electronic image.
The calcium in bones blocks the passage of radiation, so healthy bones show up as white or grey. On the other hand, radiation passes easily through air spaces, so healthy lungs appear black.
After the x-ray you can get dressed (if you changed out of your clothes) and wait for further instructions. A radiologist will interpret the x-ray images. The results are usually sent to your doctor, so you will need to make a follow-up appointment.
There is a very small (negligible) increase in your risk of developing cancer within 10 years of the x-ray examination (less than 0.01 per cent increase). It is important to try and limit the number of x-rays you get over your life.
A conventional x-ray examination does not require any recovery time. You can go about your normal business as soon as you leave. If you have had an examination that has used a contrast agent, you will be given specific instructions concerning any after care that may be necessary. This might involve drinking additional water, but the radiographer will advise you.
df19127ead