The latest episode of The Fishing Professor Rod Cast features a fun interview with Caroline and Oliver Taylor about their experiences as first-time ice anglers at River Bend Resort on Lake of the Woods, Minnesota.
Background: Discontinuation of treatment in people with first episode psychosis (FEP) is common, but the extent to which this is related to specific adverse effects of antipsychotic medications is unclear.
Methods: We assembled de-identified electronic health record (EHR) data from 2309 adults with FEP who received care from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust between 1st April 2008 and 31st March 2019. Associations between antipsychotic medications, clinician-recorded side effects and treatment discontinuation were investigated across a mean follow-up period of 34.2 months using Cox regression.
Conclusion: Earlier treatment discontinuation associated with sexual or extrapyramidal side effects could be related to their rapid onset and poor tolerability. Later treatment discontinuation associated with clozapine and PP1M could be related to the relative efficacy of these treatments. These findings merit consideration when selecting antipsychotic therapy for people with FEP.
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Objective: We tested the hypothesis that remote postconditioning, which is induced by a single 5-min episode of femoral artery occlusion and reperfusion applied just before the onset of coronary artery reperfusion, protects the myocardium from reperfusion injury.
Methods: In anesthetized open-chest rabbits, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 30 min and reperfused for 3 hrs. All rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group): (1) CONTROL: LAD occlusion and reperfusion only, with no other intervention; (2) Myocardial ischemic preconditioning (Pre-con): Three cycles of myocardial ischemia (5 min) and reperfusion (5 min) preceded the index ischemia/reperfusion protocol; (3) Myocardial ischemic postconditionng (Post-con): After 30 min of LAD occlusion, reperfusion was initiated for 30 s followed by 30 s reocclusion. Three cycles of myocardial ischemia (30 s) and reperfusion (30 s) followed the index ischemia/reperfusion protocol. (4) Remote postconditioning (Re Post-con): After 24 min of LAD occlusion, the femoral artery was occluded for 5 min and released for 1 min before 3 hrs of LAD reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined at the end of the experiment. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity were measured at baseline, the end of ischemia, and after 3 hrs of reperfusion respectively.
Conclusion: Remote limb postconditioing applied just before the onset of coronary artery reperfusion provides potent myocardial infarct size reduction, which is similar to the cardioprotective effect of myocardial postconditioning exerted during the first minutes of coronary reperfusion. The potential mechanism of this inter-organ remote postconditioning phenomenon might be associated with decreasing the injury caused by oxygen free radicals and strengthening the action of antioxidation.
Part murder mystery, part social history of political violence, Lethal Provocation is a forensic examination of the deadliest peacetime episode of anti-Jewish violence in modern French history. Joshua Cole reconstructs the 1934 riots in Constantine, Algeria, in which tensions between Muslims and Jews were aggravated by right-wing extremists, resulting in the deaths of twenty-eight people.
Animating the unrest was Mohamed El Maadi, a soldier in the French army. Later a member of a notorious French nationalist group that threatened insurrection in the late 1930s, El Maadi became an enthusiastic supporter of France's Vichy regime in World War II, and finished his career in the German SS. Cole cracks the "cold case" of El Maadi's participation in the events, revealing both his presence at the scene and his motives in provoking violence at a moment when the French government was debating the rights of Muslims in Algeria. Local police and authorities came to know about the role of provocation in the unrest and killings and purposely hid the truth during the investigation that followed. Cole's sensitive history brings into high relief the cruelty of social relations in the decades before the war for Algerian independence.
Joshua Cole's fascinating and extremely well-researched and well-written Lethal Provocation: The Constantine Murders adn the Politics of French Algeria is like a strong wind in the sails of the microhistorical method.
Meticulously researched and deftly constructed, Cole's work delineates how the riots, long mischaracterized and misunderstood by contemporaries and historians alike, shed new light on the activities of neofascist elements of the French right in Algeria. The author offers not only a fascinating glimpse into the conspiracy and the official coverup, but in reconstructing social relations on the local level, he illuminates the twisted racial logic(s) of the French colonial state.
Moving seamlessly between a range of historical registers, Cole offers at once a history of religious life under French colonial rule, a portrait of socio-cultural change in a transforming colonial city, an analysis of the intersections of metropolitan and colonial politics in the 1930s, and a granular reconstruction of the events worthy of a great criminologist. Lethal Provocation will remain a classic in French colonial studies for decades to come.
Joshua Cole is Professor of History at the University of Michigan. He teaches nineteenth and twentieth century European history and has published work on gender and the history of the population sciences, colonial violence, and the politics of memory in France, Algeria, and Germany. His book The Power of Large Numbers was selected as an Outstanding Academic Title for 2000 by Choice Magazine. He is also coauthor, with Carol Symes, of Western Civilizations.
Self-harm is a major and growing public health issue among young people worldwide. Self-harm is an important risk factor for suicide, which is one of the leading causes of death for young people. Although suicide rates are declining overall, this trend is not seen in young people. Young people with mental distress and/or suicidal thoughts are reluctant to seek help, and often drop out of treatment initiated after a self-harm episode. Many young people who self-harm have had contact with healthcare before their first self-harm episode, but often for reasons other than suicidal thoughts or psychiatric problems. In this context, physical illness is associated with increased risk for self-harm and suicide among young people. The present thesis investigated how young people perceived the help and support they received before and after an episode of self-harm. A further aim was to map the inpatient somatic healthcare contacts young patients had before an episode of self-harm, and determine any relationship to risk for self-harm and suicide.
In the first interview, participants described how they wanted more information on where they could turn for professional help. They also wanted different help-seeking pathways and emphasised the importance of the quality of professional contact. After 6 months, participants stressed the importance of being able to rely on professionals and treatment. Their life circumstances significantly affected their treatment, and practical help was appreciated. The register studies showed that young people admitted for self-harm were more likely to have been hospitalised with symptomatic diagnoses such as abdominal pain and syncope/collapse, and somatic illnesses such as epilepsy and diabetes mellitus type 1. A higher proportion of cases (4.5%; women 2.6%, men 8.8%) died during the study period than controls (0.3%; women 0.2%, men 0.6%) (p
These findings suggest that healthcare providers need to find new ways to reach young people at risk for suicidal behaviour. Access to professional help should be easy and direct. Treatment for young people after self-harm should be flexible, and be receptive to input from the patient. The importance of and need for basic practical help should not be overlooked. Somatic healthcare contact provides an opportunity for intervention, particularly as psychiatric problems can manifest as physical symptoms, and physical illness is a risk factor for self-harm and suicide.
Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a growing problem among young people and is a major risk factor for suicide. Young adults experiencing mental distress and suicidal ideation are reluctant to seek help, requiring new strategies to reach this group. Aims: The present study explored young people's views of professional care before first contact for DSH, and factors that influenced the establishing of contact. Method: Interviews with 10 young individuals, shortly after they had harmed themselves, were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The participants emphasized the importance of receiving more knowledge on where to turn, having different help-seeking options, and receiving immediate help. Family and friends were vital for support and making health care contact. The quality of the professional contact was stressed. Several reasons for not communicating distress were mentioned. Two themes were identified: "A need for a more flexible, available and varied health care" and "A struggle to be independent and yet being in need of reliable support." Conclusion: These findings suggest that easy and direct access to professional help is a decisive factor for young people experiencing psychological problems and that health services must find new ways of communicating information on seeking mental health help.
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