Dear network members, dear Mr. Khurshid
Thank you for your input and the information on the NADI filter. I am
glad to hear that you have been promoting this system in Sindh
Province since we last exchanged e-mails, and that 2400 families are
now using it to decrease the pathogen levels in their water. I am sure
that this technology has many strengths in terms of its local design,
durability etc., and therefore has a potential for scaling up in
Pakistan.
I do not agree, however, with the conclusion that NADI filters are
“the only option” or “the ultimate solution” to achieve safe water
consumption. In the last decade of promoting household water treatment
and safe storage, it has become evident that there is no “silver
bullet” technology that can be easily disseminated to achieve total
coverage and sustainable application in any country. Much rather, we
should expect that different systems/technologies are suitable for
different segments of the population differing in income status,
cultural preferences, access to specific products etc. Websites such
as
http://www.akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Portal:Water or
http://www.cawst.org/index.php?id=119 offer an overview of different
methods for household water treatment. You will find that different
systems vary in their efficiency in removing pathogens (biosand/NADI
filters are not among the most effective systems, but they also
achieve substantial reductions for different pathogen types), and in
other aspects regarding costs (up front and running costs), labor
inputs for operation and maintenance, robustness for different
qualities of raw water, protection of treated water from re-
contamination etc..
In my opinion, the most promising strategy is to promote different
technologies for household water treatment side by side in order to
give users a choice to select the most appropriate technology for
themselves. Even technologies that will be adopted and sustainably
applied by only 10% of the population are worth promoting, if these
10% could not afford or would not want to apply any of the other
available technologies and would consume raw water instead.
The Community Action Program CAP has been promoting solar water
disinfection (SODIS,
www.sodis.ch) in Pakistan for several years,
mainly in districts around Faisalabad. Solar water disinfection
(SODIS) makes use of ultra-violet radiation in sunlight to inactivate
pathogens, and requires no resources other than ordinary glass or PET
bottles as well as sunlight. SODIS promotion has resulted in
considerable user levels in the target areas. I do not claim that
solar disinfection should or will be the technology of choice for each
and every household in Pakistan, and - as for any other method for
household water treatment - there are challenges in terms of the
dissemination of SODIS (e.g. the supply of a sufficient number of
bottles in remote areas, or the fact that the regular application of
SODIS essentially requires a behavior change - comparable to hand
washing - and therefore depends on the quality and intensity of
promotion campaigns). Still, considering the very low cost of this
technology for the users, and the positive results from pilot
projects, SODIS should be in the mix of technologies promoted in
Pakistan at larger scale. Others methods may include chlorine
additives: solution or tablets, pot filters, ceramic filters, biosand
filters, NADI filter, other new types of filters (e.g. Siphon filter:
http://www.nulpuntenergie.net/water/folder1.pdf), integrated treatment
units for more wealthy households (such as the Pureit system:
http://www.pureitwater.com), and boiling.
I’m not suggesting that every NGO should promote all possible methods
for household water treatment simultaneously, and efforts such as NADI
filter promotion through AHD are highly appreciated to find out more
about strengths and limitations of different systems. However, I think
we should be careful with statements that one technology is superior
to all the others, as every method has its advantages and
disadvantages, and every technology may have its place and be ideal
for specific segments of the population.
In this sense, let us join forces and aim at rapidly achieving safe
water consumption in every family in Pakistan by disseminating the
knowledge of the multitude of household water treatment options!
Samuel Luzi, Ph.D.
Eawag
Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (Sandec)
Ueberlandstrasse 133
8600 Duebendorf
Telefon
+41 (0)44 823 54 98
samue...@eawag.ch
www.sodis.ch;
www.sandec.ch;
www.eawag.ch
Community Action Program
Shahid Mahmood
cap...@brain.net.pk
Office: 0092 41 878 13 77
Mobile: 0092 333 650 4532
On May 28, 10:35 am, Haider <
semab_hai...@hotmail.com> wrote:
> Dear Mr. Khushid Bhatti
>
> AOA
>
> You are doing a great job and personally I appreciate you and your
> struggle for this cause. I am working on safe drinking water in the
> rural area of District Rawalpindi, Punjab. Water for children project
> is working to provide clean drinking water tools and equipment in the
> government schools and for this we are using electric tools as
> filters.
>
> Now I am pleased to listen that you people are providing local made
> tools for clean water and I am requesting you to send me some usefull
> infomation in this context.
>
> We the member of organization will focus to implement this idea in our
> local rural area, If it is usefull.
> waiting for your positive reply.
>
> Best Wishes
>
> Syed Semab Haider
> Chairman
> Shah Muqeem Trust (Water For Children Project)
>
semab.hai...@gmail.com
> > - Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text -