During the first half of the 20th century, Italy itself was faced with some desperate times including a worldwide depression and the outbreak of war as well as the rise of fascism. Hard times meant ingredients were often in scarce supply which required a good deal of imagination when cooking. Modern authentic Italian cooking tends to use few ingredients, something which grew out of this period of austerity.
It's Mardi Gras (2016) and I wanted to do something in keeping with "Laissez les bons temps rouler" so I suggested to my wife a number of dishes (Jambalaya, Crawfish Pie, File Gumbo...) for dinner, which were immediately shot down as too spicy. After studying my larder, I found that I had all the ingredients for this dish and (following your recipe) proceeded to make it.
This Shrimp Etouffee over Jasmine Rice was the hit of the evening. Not too spicy, not too bland, just right for the whole family. My hat's off to you for another win! "Let the good times roll".
Chef John - I'm from Mississippi and have close ties to Louisiana, and know from experience that you do indeed use some tomato product in etoufees - usually one or two vine-ripe tomatoes (although canned tomato can be substituted if fresh tomatoes are out of season). It's actually gumbos that usually don't use tomatoes! And also, gumbos usually don't use okra - that's a not-LA thing (although I sometimes use both tomatoes and okra in my gumbos). Traditionally, etoufees are slowly cooked for several hours on low heat in a light-colored roux and the trinity with the shrimp being added toward the end, so I look forward to trying this much quicker version!
Desperate times cause people to make desperate decisions. Democratically elected officials that, until now, have only needed to look good in the eyes of their own constituency, are being scrutinized by global leaders and the international new media. The stakes have changed.
In the past we have had the luxury of being able to wait for decisions to be made. But every day the giant foot of global competitiveness presses a bit harder on the accelerator of change. Reaction times are critical. As a result, some of the least democratic countries are emerging as the new leaders.
We have entered into a new age of hyper-awareness where reaction times have dropped from minutes to seconds, and in the case of computers that make trades based on mathematical models, the time is now measured in milliseconds.
La Strada is more characteristically a Neorealist film than The White Sheik and was released two years after. Following a young woman named Gelsomina, it illustrates the suffering that ensued after the war. Gelsomina is sold as an assistant and a wife by her mother, desperate to escape poverty, to Zampanò, a strongman in a traveling circus. These two main characters represent two different perspectives born out of scarcity. Zampanò is bitter and angry at the conditions of the war-torn world around him while Gelsomina seeks out a space in her new surroundings to set herself apart from her dreary beginnings.
Italian Neorealism shows the true nature of reality when all hope seems to be lost yet highlights good morals and virtues that people hold on to during desperate times. Fellini successfully captured the essence of this concept while exploring his own thoughts on post-war existence in Italy. His films during this era exemplify this movement that continues to influence filmmakers and artists alike today.
3. A mali estremi, estremi rimedi: literally "to extreme evils, extreme remedies". It would be the equivalent of "desperate times need desperate measures" and basically means that in very bad situations one is justified to find an extreme/desperate solution.
Although the plague that bedeviled southern Europe during this time wasn't nearly as destructive as the Black Death of the 14th century, it is estimated to have killed over a million people in Italy and surrounding areas over the course of the decade, but mostly between 1656 and 1658. No one was safe, and since the germ theory of disease wouldn't reinvent medicine for another 200 years, the Italians figured desperate times called for desperate measures, and so they sent their physicians out in the most bonkers costume imaginable.
Our best evidence that the elaborate costume even existed comes from a description of the French royal physician Charles de Lorme. De Lorme is sometimes given credit for inventing the getup, but according to Black, that's probably unlikely:
Italy will be desperate for a win when they take on North Macedonia in the Euro qualifiers at the Stadio Olimpico on Friday. Italy are third in Group C behind leaders England and second-placed Ukraine.
Since then, Venice's inundations have skyrocketed with no sign of abating. St. Mark's Square, the city's historical and tourist centerpiece, flooded less than 10 times a year in the first decade of the 20th century. In each of the past five years, it's flooded 60 times.
"Flooding of Venice has occurred many times during its history," wrote Caroline Fletcher and Tom Spencer in their 2005 book on Venice, but "the last 50 years represents an unprecedented period of frequent and intense events."
Due to these side effects, MOSE is only intended for "very intense high tides," the official categorization of those that reach 1.1 meters. These cause the most deleterious floods, but are rare enough, occurring only a handful of times a year, for MOSE to not seriously harm the lagoon's ecosystem.
"MOSE must be used not two or three times a year [as officials thought]" says ENEA's Antonioli, "but for example 25, 30 times a year." Others estimate the gates will eventually have to be deployed hundreds of times a year.