N-type Topcon

[Alacoque Whitchurch]

SHANGRAOChina, May 31, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd. (the "Company," or "JinkoSolar") (NYSE: JKS), one of the largest and most innovative solar module manufacturers in the world, today announced a significant breakthrough in the development of its N-type TOPCon-based perovskite tandem solar cell. Tested by the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the cell achieved an impressive conversion efficiency of 33.24%, a significant leap beyond JinkoSolar's previous record of 32.33% for the same type of tandem cells. This is a remarkable achievement, breaking the world record in efficiency and power output for PV products an impressive 26 times.

The record-breaking perovskite tandem solar cell employed Jinko's n-type high-efficiency monocrystalline TOPCon solar cell as the bottom cell. This breakthrough in conversion efficiency for the perovskite/TOPCon tandem solar cell has been achieved through various materials and technology innovations including ultra-thin poly-Si passivated contact technology, novel light-trapping technology, intermediate recombination layer with high light transmittance and high carrier mobility, and efficient surface passivation technology using hybrid materials. This achievement demonstrates the compatibility of TOPCon as a mainstream solar cell technology with the next-generation perovskite/silicon tandem cell technology, breaking the efficiency limit of single-junction silicon solar cell.

As a leading company in the photovoltaic industry, JinkoSolar invests substantial R&D annually for technological innovation, continuously building up its patent portfolio and breaking world records in R&D achievements. To date, JinkoSolar has applied for over 3,800 global patents and has been granted more than 3,500, providing higher efficiency and better value energy solutions to the global solar photovoltaic market with ongoing technological breakthroughs.

Dr. Jin Hao, CTO of JinkoSolar, said, "This milestone breakthrough once again highlights JinkoSolar's determination to continuously push the boundaries through strong technological innovation capabilities. It also lays a solid technical foundation for the Company's continuous development. We believe that, as we continue to deepen our scientific research and technology, we will contribute to building a greener and more sustainable new energy structure."

JinkoSolar (NYSE: JKS) is one of the largest and most innovative solar module manufacturers in the world. JinkoSolar distributes its solar products and sells its solutions and services to utility-scale, commercial and residential customers in China, the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Chile, South Africa, India, Mexico, Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Poland, Austria, Switzerland, Greece and other countries and regions.

This press release contains forward-looking statements. These statements constitute "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "will," "expects," "anticipates," "future," "intends," "plans," "believes," "estimates" and similar statements. Among other things, the quotations from management in this press release and the Company's operations and business outlook, contain forward-looking statements. Such statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Further information regarding these and other risks is included in JinkoSolar's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including its annual report on Form 20-F. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

The solar industry is undergoing a remarkable transformation due to two ingenious advancements: 210mm n-type TOPCon PV technology and low-voltage, high-string-power system design. These breakthroughs are revolutionizing efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility to significantly lower levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in the utility-scale solar sector.

This race to the lowest LCOE has pushed the adoption of larger solar cells, with module wattages and efficiencies soaring to new heights, but with a corresponding increase in module size. However, this trend has, naturally, raised concerns about potential cost escalations due to heavier mechanical loads and added structural demands since bigger modules require more support racking, wiring, and tracker steel.

With plant owners, developers, and EPCs needing to calculate all of these variables in the overall LCOE equation, they face the pressing question of how to effectively lower LCOE while maintaining a competitive edge.

However, as with any breakthrough, trade-offs persist. N-type modules bring about an LCOE-related problem linked to the size of the modules. While increasing current density allows for more modules per string, this shift comes at a price: limitations in the number of strings that can be integrated into the inverter. In contrast, modules with higher voltages can incorporate more strings.

Excellent insight into an industry with so much potential, but is still a long way from having standards implemented to allow for the integration of various elements creating unified and diverse systems that can address many conditions that answer customer wants and needs. Trina is certainly on the leading edge of that by what I see.

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Taking 'create sustainable and efficient energy' as its product value proposition, Astronergy has continuously launched various PV module products under the ASTRO series. The ASTRO series products adopt larger-sized and rectangular silicon wafers. Combined with SMBB/ZBB technology, and frontier manufacturing processes such as non-destructive cutting, and high-density encapsulation, products of the series have core advantages of high efficiency, high power, high reliability, high single-watt power generation, low BOS and LCOE cost, and world-leading module performance.

The ASTRO N5 Series adopts n-type TOPCon cell and features high-density packaging, non-destructive cutting and other technologies to achieve the core strengths of high power, high efficiency, high reliability, great appearance and high power generation per watt. The series includes several products to meet the customers' application requirements in various scenarios.

Featuring five core strengths of high power, high efficiency, high compatibility, high quality and low BOS & LCOE cost, ASTRO 5 Series adopts Astronergy PERC+ cell technology and 182mm large-size silicon wafer, and combines nondestructive cutting, suitable for utility-scale power stations and distributed power stations.

The efficiency and performance of solar cells have been constantly improving in recent years, one such development that has gained a lot of attention in the industry is the TOPCon solar cells (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact).

Recently TOPCon cell has been unstoppable in getting a historic innovation breakthrough, In October 2023, Jinko revealed that the efficiency of TOPCon solar cell has exceeded 26.89%, which is the most efficient solar cell in the world.

TOPCON stands for Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact, TOPCON solar cell is a type of solar cell that uses a tunnel oxide layer to passivate the contact between the front and rear layers of the cell.

Cells built on an N-type silicon substrate offer improved performance over the more common P-type silicon due to a greater tolerance to impurities which increases overall efficiency. In addition, N-type cells have a lower temperature coefficient compared to both mono and multi-P-type cells. N-type cells also have a much lower rate of LID or light-induced degradation and do not generally suffer from LeTID (light and elevated temperature-induced degradation) which is a common problem with P-type cells.

TOPCon or Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact refers to a specialized rear-side cell passivation technique that helps reduce the internal recombination losses in the cell and boosts cell efficiency. The process has been available for several years but is now becoming the new industry standard as manufacturers strive to increase efficiency and performance.

TOPCon solar cells work by using a combination of layers and materials to capture and convert sunlight into electricity. The front layer of the cell is usually made of a highly-doped silicon material, while the back layer is made of a low-doped silicon material. The tunnel oxide layer is placed between the front and back layers to passivate the contact.

When sunlight hits the cell, it creates electron-hole pairs in the front layer. These charge carriers are then separated by an electric field and collected by metal contacts on the front and back of the cell. The passivation layer reduces the recombination of the charge carriers, which improves the efficiency of the cell.

TOPCon solar cells have several advantages over traditional solar cells. Firstly, they have a higher efficiency, which means that they can generate more electricity from the same amount of sunlight. This makes them ideal for use in large-scale solar power plants, where maximizing efficiency is crucial.

Secondly, TOPCon solar cells have a lower temperature coefficient than traditional solar cells. This means that their efficiency does not decrease as much in hot and humid climates. This makes them ideal for use in regions with high ambient temperatures, such as the Middle East and Africa.

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