There's not really an option for that in dompdf. The way dompdf renders tables is similar to how web browsers do, which is to look at the width of the page and the width of the content of each column. In addition to the way tables are rendered dompdf's table handling is limited in some ways.
That being said I do have a quick thought on how you can simulate this. Using CSS you can specify a fixed width to your table and style the table with
table-layout: fixed. The table would render at the width specified. If you also apply a scaling value you can shrink the table in place. Something like the following:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" width="100%">
<caption style="margin-top: 20px;" >Normal Table, Width = 100%</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed </td>
<td>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="table-layout: fixed; width: 800px;" border="1">
<caption style="margin-top: 20px;" >Normal Table, Width = 800px</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="30%">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed </td>
<td width="70%">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="table-layout: fixed; width: 800px; transform: scale(.65);" border="1">
<caption style="margin-top: 20px;" >Normal Table, Width = 800px, table-layout = fixed</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="30%">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed </td>
<td width="70%">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>You can see extra spacing between the preceding table and this paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The main drawback to this method is that the space taken by the table is unchanged, meaning there could be a potentially large blank space between the bottom of the table and any following content. It's also not possible to scale to 100%. You would have to know your table's width and apply a scaling that matches your page width.