English / Arabic Ebooks, and Some Scientific Theories
Amer Hwitat
The Philosopher's Stone (Lapis philosophorum) is a legendary substance in alchemy, once believed to possess the power to transmute base metals (such as lead) into gold or silver, and to create an "elixir of life" for healing and immortality. Although called a "stone," it was often described as a powder or liquid. The roots of this concept can be traced back to ancient Egypt, and its theories were developed by the Arab scholar Jabir ibn Hayyan, who laid the foundations of alchemy. Over the centuries, prominent chemists such as Isaac Newton sought to discover it. No one succeeded in creating it using ancient methods, but modern nuclear physics has theoretically and practically enabled the transmutation of elements into others (such as lead into gold) using particle accelerators, albeit at a very high energy cost.
The Philosopher's Stone and the Making of Gold
The Philosopher's Stone is a legendary substance in alchemy (ancient chemistry) believed to have the power to transmute base metals (such as lead or copper) into gold, as well as to create an elixir of life for healing and immortality. To learn about the secrets of alchemy and its close connection to the legend of transmuting metals into gold: 18:18 The Philosopher's Stone, the Legend of Metals! - Hassan Hashim | Mystery Program Views: 1.3 million · 5 years ago YouTube · AL HASHIM - Hassan Hashim The Origin of the Legend and its Historical Roots The earliest roots of alchemy go back to ancient Egypt and China, but the actual theorizing of the idea of transmuting metals is associated with the name of the Arab scientist Jabir ibn Hayyan in the eighth century AD. Ibn Hayyan proposed that all metals are composed of basic elements (heat, cold, dryness, moisture), and that the differences between metals are due to the proportions of these elements; This means that rearranging them could transmute one metal into another. These ideas spread to medieval Europe, where the philosopher's stone, sometimes called "magic powder" or "elixir," became the ultimate dream of many alchemists and scientists. Famous seekers of the philosopher's stone: Many scientists and thinkers dedicated their lives to searching for the secret of transmutation, most notably: Jabir ibn Hayyan: A pioneer of chemistry who laid the first theoretical and experimental foundations. Nicolas Flamel: A medieval French alchemist famous in legend as the only person who succeeded in creating the philosopher's stone and transmuting metals. Isaac Newton: Despite his achievements in physics, Newton spent many years secretly studying alchemical texts, attempting to decipher the secrets of goldmaking. The scientific reality: Can gold be made? In modern chemistry, the philosopher's stone is considered a myth. Ordinary chemical reactions cannot change the type of element (from lead to gold) because elements retain their identity and fixed atomic number, which determines their properties. However, modern science (nuclear physics and nanotechnology) has made this seemingly impossible dream a reality. Through nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, the atomic structure of some elements can be altered (such as converting mercury or bismuth atoms through precise nuclear reactions), but only in very small quantities and at an energy cost far exceeding the value of the resulting gold.
Collectors are surfactants used primarily in the froth flotation process; This is a chemical industrial separation technique that separates precious metals from impurities in the mining sector, with advanced research being conducted at institutions such as Yarmouk University to further develop it. These materials are characterized by a bipolar molecular structure, where one end adheres to the metal, while the other end repels water. Mechanism of Action: Bonding: The polar end (water) bonds chemically or physically to the surface of the target metal. Hydrophobicity: The nonpolar end (hydrocarbon) remains prominent in the liquid, giving the metal surface hydrophobic properties. Buoyancy: When air bubbles are pumped in, the treated metals adhere to the air bubbles and float to the surface, forming a foam that can be easily separated. Main Types of Chemical Collectors: These are divided into three main categories based on their ionic charge: Anionic Collectors: These carry a negative charge and are the most commonly used in the flotation of oxides and sulfide ores. Examples: Xanthates such as PAX and PEX are preferred for precious metals such as copper. Gold and fatty acids, such as oleic acid, are used to float metal oxides. Cationic collectors carry a positive charge and are commonly used to float silicates (such as quartz) or potash. Examples include amine salts. Non-ionic collectors carry no charge and are simple hydrocarbon compounds that rely on physical adsorption forces. Examples include fuel oil, sometimes used in coal flotation. Process control involves other auxiliary chemical agents to ensure the collectors function correctly. These include pH regulators to control the surface charge of minerals and depressants to prevent the collectors from binding to unwanted minerals.
What are the safety risks and precautions when handling cyanide (a poison)? How can the gold content in quartz rocks be estimated before starting a project? What equipment and devices are used in small-scale projects compared to large mines? Here are the complete and comprehensive details regarding safety, feasibility assessment, and equipment required for the gold mining project: 1. Safety Hazards and Precautions When Handling Cyanide: Cyanide is a highly toxic substance and requires very strict safety protocols because a mistake can be fatal within minutes. Fatal Hazards: Cyanide prevents body cells from using oxygen, leading to rapid cellular suffocation and heart and brain failure. Toxic Gas (HCN): If cyanide mixes with acidic substances (pH less than 10), it instantly transforms into the volatile and lethal hydrogen cyanide gas. Acidity (pH) Control: The pH of the solution must always be kept above 10.5 by adding quicklime (calcium oxide) to prevent the formation of the toxic gas. Protective Equipment (PPE): Mandatory, including respirators with filters for toxic gases, chemical protective suits, and thick, chemical-resistant gloves. Antidotes: Cyanide antidotes (such as Cyanokit) must be available at the work site, and medics must be trained in their immediate use. Ventilation and Sensors: Install electronic sensors to measure the concentration of cyanide gas in the air, and work should be carried out in open or well-ventilated areas. Excellent coercivity. 2. How to estimate the gold content in quartz rocks before starting the project. No project can begin without confirming its economic feasibility through representative samples. Sampling: Collect random samples from different areas of the rock vein (quartz), not just from one location, to ensure the accuracy of the result. Fire assay: This is the standard and most accurate method worldwide. The sample is melted in high-temperature furnaces with fluxes to completely separate the gold and weigh it with microscopic precision. XRF analysis: A portable X-ray spectrometer. It provides an immediate and approximate reading of the rock minerals on-site, but it does not replace laboratory fire assay. Grading: The content is measured in grams of gold per ton of rock (g/t). In large mines, a content of 1 to 5 grams/ton is considered feasible, while small projects may require higher contents (more than 10 grams/ton) to cover initial costs. 3. Equipment and Devices: Small Projects vs. Large Mines Comparison Points Small Projects (Traditional/Limited) Large Mines (Industrial) Crushing and Grinding • Small portable jaw crushers. • Small ball mills (capacity of a few tons per day) or hammer mills. • Giant rotary crushers and hydraulic cone crushers. • Autogenous grinding mills (AG/SAG mills) and huge, high-powered ball mills. Separation and Recovery Equipment • Shaking tables. • Small centrifugal concentrators. • Small, stationary cyanide leaching tanks. • Large froth flotation cells. • Fully automated carbon-in-leach (CIL/CIP) systems. • Large-scale heap leaching plants. Control and Environment • Manual inspection and visual monitoring. • Primitive tailings treatment (may pose an environmental hazard if not monitored). • Digital control rooms. And smart sensors. • Huge cyanide destruction plants before waste disposal.
Here are the regulatory and legal details, environmentally friendly chemical alternatives, and a practical costing model for your project: 1. Legal and Environmental Ways to Obtain Mining Licenses: Procedures vary by country, but all countries follow a strict general framework to protect national resources and the environment: Prospecting License: Allows you to take small samples and conduct a geological survey of the site without carrying out extensive excavation work, and is valid for a limited period. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Mandatory requirement for project approval. This includes submitting a plan for how to handle waste (cyanide or other chemicals), protect groundwater, and a plan for site rehabilitation (filling and planting) after the project is completed. Mining Lease: Granted after proving economic feasibility, it specifies the geographical area you are allowed to operate in and the percentage of royalties you will pay to the state from the profits of extracted gold. Local Authority Approvals: These include approval from the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Mineral Resources (or the Geological Survey Authority), and approval from local communities or tribes surrounding the area to ensure their property is not harmed. 2. Less Hazardous Cyanide Alternatives: Due to cyanide's high toxicity and its ban in some countries, modern research and projects are focusing on environmentally friendly alternatives: Thiosulfate: Advantages: Completely non-toxic and environmentally safe, it is considered the best alternative to cyanide, especially for ores with high copper or carbon content (which deactivate cyanide). Disadvantages: Consumes larger quantities of chemicals and requires the addition of catalysts such as ammonia and copper. Furthermore, gold recovery from the solution is more complex than with cyanide. Chlorination: Using chlorine gas or chloride solutions to dissolve gold. It dissolves very quickly, but chlorine is a corrosive gas and requires expensive, corrosion-resistant equipment. Amino Acids/Biopolymers: Modern techniques using plant or bacterial extracts to extract gold. They are 100% environmentally friendly, but are still under development for large commercial projects and have not yet been widely adopted for small projects due to their current high cost. How to roughly calculate the operating cost for a small project. To calculate the operating cost (OPEX), the cost of processing one ton of rock must be calculated. Here is an approximate equation and a hypothetical model for a project processing 10 tons of rock per day: Daily cost elements (hypothetical for a small project): Labor: (e.g., 5 workers and operators) = $150/day. Energy and fuel: (diesel for generators, operating crushers, mills, and pumps) = $100/day. Consumables: (carbonates, activated carbon, chemicals, lime, and steel grinding balls that wear out over time) = $150/day. Maintenance and spare parts: (oils, filters, crusher belts) = $50/day. Total daily operating cost: $450 to process 10 tons (approximately $45 per ton). Profitability and feasibility criterion (calculation example): If your quartz rock contains 5 grams of gold per ton (called the ore grade), and your small plant's extraction efficiency is 80% (i.e., you extract 4 grams and lose 1 gram as waste), the expected daily output is: 10 tons × 4 grams = 40 grams of gold per day. If the hypothetical price of a gram of gold is $80, then the daily income = 40 x 80 = $3200. Approximate net daily profit: $3200 (income) - $450 (operating costs) = $2750 per day (before taxes, royalties, and the cost of initial capital equipment).
Best Regards
Amer Hwitat
Amman 11814, Jordan
https://www.facebook.com/amer.hwaitat
Up to 64% of U.S. adults believe in at least one supernatural phenomenon. Nationwide statistics indicate 39% of Americans believe in ghosts, 48% in psychic healing, and nearly 60% report having experienced a paranormal event, such as feeling an unknown presence or hearing unexplained sounds.Nationwide statistics highlight significant trends and public consensus:Belief vs. Experience: While a solid majority of Americans (about 64%) believe in supernatural or paranormal phenomena, approximately 60% claim to have personally experienced an unexplained event.Top Reported Encounters: The most common paranormal experiences reported in polling data are feeling a presence or unknown energy (35%), smelling an unexplained odor (32%), hearing unexplained sounds or music (31%), and hearing voices of someone who isn't there (26%).Home Activity: Surveys regarding residential living show that 83% of people report experiencing some form of paranormal activity in their home. Common household occurrences include hearing sounds (46%), lights turning on and off (42%), and hearing voices (35%).Demographics: Beliefs and reported experiences are generally higher among women, political moderates and liberals, and those who attend religious services infrequently. Conversely, weekly attendees of religious services skew highly skeptical of such phenomena.Real Estate Impact: Although a large percentage of respondents are open to living near or in a haunted property, statistics show that 1 in 10 people have moved out of their home, and 10% have sold their home specifically due to a paranormal experience.For granular breakdowns of exactly which concepts the public accepts—such as the difference between belief in ghosts, clairvoyance, and telepathy—explore the full Gallup Paranormal Phenomena Report or read the detailed YouGov Paranormal Poll for insights on specific sensory occurrences.
bathrooms are a hotbed for folklore (like the Japanese urban legend of Hanako-san or Western "Bloody Mary" rituals). Sightings or eerie occurrences in restrooms are frequently attributed to a few specific theories:Sensory Deprivation & Relaxation: The isolation, combined with the white noise of running water or showers, can allow the conscious mind to relax. This state is thought by some paranormal enthusiasts to make the subconscious more receptive to subtle energetic senses or hallucinations.Psychology & Environmental Factors: Psychologists note that the power of suggestion and the brain's tendency to fear what it cannot clearly see or explain in dark, echoey spaces drives these reports. Furthermore, unexplained "phantom" occurrences in restrooms are often attributed to poor plumbing, faulty motion sensors, or electromagnetic field (EMF) fluctuations from hidden wiring.Cultural Traditions: In many Middle Eastern and Asian cultures, specific spirits (like the Jinn) are traditionally believed to inhabit unhygienic or quiet, enclosed spaces like bathrooms.Online communities and ghost enthusiasts share anecdotal reports of toilets flushing on their own, shadowy figures in stalls, and sudden drops in temperature. Many users on Reddit Paranormal discuss these eerie occurrences, though skeptic communities attribute them strictly to mundane mechanical malfunctions.
In Islam we say that Demons and other spirits, live in Deserted areas, remote areas, empty rooms, statues/paintings mimics living things, the bigger the statue the more demons dwell, and restrooms (toilets).
Paranormal statistics are primarily based on compiled sightings, with New York ranking as the most haunted U.S. state overall. In terms of specific urban areas, Austin, Texas, San Diego, California, and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania consistently report the highest frequency of ghost sightings and unexplained activity.Paranormal reports span a mix of cultural histories and demographic density. The highest concentration of recorded paranormal activity and encounters happens in regions marked by rich folklore, historical tragedy, and physical abandonment.Top U.S. Hotspots by Encounters and Sightings:New York: Holds the highest "creep score" nationally due to high rates of unsolved murders and numerous abandoned locations.Austin & Houston, Texas: Lead metropolitan areas in the volume of reported ghost sightings.San Diego, California: Home to historically active sites like The Whaley House Museum, which registers some of the highest quantities of paranormal events in the country.Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: A hub for Civil War-era ghost activity, popular for recurring reports of apparitions by visitors.Global Trends & Analysis:On an international scale, areas with deeply rooted spiritual traditions, heavy historical trauma, and a high density of preserved ancient architecture—such as Japan, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and India—dominate paranormal folklore and investigations. On online forums, enthusiasts discuss how geographic age and isolation contribute to these activity clusters, with a single-user consensus on Reddit Paranormal attributing high activity rates to countries preserving strong ties to nature and ancient tradition
Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) is a four-step framework for continuous improvement and problem-solving. It helps teams test ideas, avoid recurring mistakes, and refine processes iteratively rather than making sudden, large-scale changes.The four stages include:Plan: Identify a problem, analyze current processes, and outline a measurable plan or hypothesis to test.Do: Implement the plan on a small scale in a controlled pilot test to gather data safely.Check: Review and evaluate the results of the test against your expected outcomes.Act: Standardize successful changes or make adjustments and repeat the cycle.The framework is used across multiple industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and project management. To dive deeper into specific use cases, frameworks, and tools, check out the ASQ PDCA Guide or read about real-world team applications on the Asana PDCA Cycle Overview
Quarks are elementary subatomic particles that serve as
the fundamental building blocks of all observable matter in the universe.
Together with electrons, they make up atoms; quarks specifically combine via
the strong force to form composite particles like protons and neutrons.The 6
Flavors of QuarksPhysicists categorize quarks into six distinct types, known as
"flavors":Up and Down: The lightest and most stable quarks. A proton
consists of two up quarks and one down quark, while a neutron is made of one up
quark and two down quarks.Charm and Strange: Heavier quarks found naturally in
high-energy interactions or cosmic rays.Top and Bottom: The most massive
quarks, which are highly unstable and decay almost instantly.Unique Properties
Fractional Charge: Unlike electrons, which carry an integer charge of -1,
quarks have fractional electrical charges of either \(+\frac{2}{3}\) or
\(-\frac{1}{3}\).Color Charge: Quarks possess a property called "color
charge" (labeled red, green, or blue), which dictates how they interact
with the strong nuclear force.Confinement: Because of the strong force, quarks
are never found in isolation. They are permanently bound together in groups of
two (mesons) or three (baryons).To explore the role of quarks in our broader
understanding of the universe, check out the DOE Explains Quarks and Gluons
guide from the Department of Energy, or dive into Britannica's Quark Definition
for a deeper look at the Standard Model
Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae), known for their large, showy, and often colorful blooms. Cultivated as shrubs, trees, and hardy perennials in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates, they are widely used in gardening, herbal teas, and traditional medicine.Varieties and TypesWith hundreds of species, hibiscus plants fall into a few primary categories:Tropical Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis): Native to tropical Asia, these are popular potted plants and outdoor shrubs in warm climates. They feature large flowers (often 2 to 10 inches in diameter) in vibrant colors like red, yellow, peach, and pink.Hardy Hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos): Also known as rose mallow, these are deciduous perennials that can withstand cold winters. They produce massive blooms (up to 10-12 inches across) and die back in the winter to return in the spring.Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus): A cold-hardy, woody shrub that blooms in late summer. It is highly resilient in temperate climates and comes in single, double, or ruffled varieties.Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa): Grown specifically for its fleshy, bright red calyxes (the base of the flower), which are used globally to make jams and deep red herbal teas.Uses and Health BenefitsHibiscus is celebrated for its versatility across multiple industries:Culinary: The tart, cranberry-like flavor of the Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx is used worldwide to make "sour tea," jams, and juices.Health: Hibiscus tea is well-known for its rich antioxidant content. Traditional and clinical studies suggest it may help All You Need to Know About Hibiscus support healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels, though its diuretic effects mean it should be consumed in moderation.Cosmetics and Skincare: Due to its natural alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), hibiscus extracts are used in exfoliants and anti-aging skincare products.Growing and CareSuccessfully growing hibiscus comes down to choosing the right plant for your climate and providing proper care:Sunlight: Most hibiscus thrive in full sun (at least 6 hours daily) to produce the most vibrant and abundant blooms.Water and Soil: They prefer rich, moist, but well-drained soil. Tropical hibiscus require consistent watering, while hardy hibiscus adapt well to wet or swampy areas.Fertilizer: Hibiscus are heavy feeders, but tropical and "Hollywood" hibiscus require balanced fertilizers with very low or zero phosphorus to prevent yellowing foliage.Winter Protection: Tropical varieties cannot tolerate frost and must be brought indoors or grown in greenhouses during colder months.Explore Care of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis for detailed instructions on managing indoor or outdoor specimens, or read How to Grow and Care for Hibiscus for comprehensive care guides tailored to different species.11 موقعًا إلكترونيًاHibiscus - WikipediaHibiscus. Article · Talk. Language; Loading… Download PDF; Watch · Edit. For other uses, see Hibiscus (disambiguation). Hibiscus i...WikipediaCare of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis - Smithsonian GardensHibiscus rosa-sinensis are vigorous growers known for their beautiful flowers. Their size ranges from as small as 2 inches in diam...Smithsonian GardensAll You Need to Know About Hibiscus - HealthlineWhat is hibiscus? Hibiscus, also known as Hibiscus sabdariffa or roselle, is a type of flowering plant native to India and Malaysi...Healthline
Iran contains a highly diverse geology resulting in a variety of quartz types, ranging from industrial silica to gem-grade varieties. [1]
- Major Provinces: Significant quartz veins and mines (often containing varieties like amethyst and agate) are heavily clustered in regions like South Khorasan (e.g., the Qaleh-Zari mine), Markazi, Alborz, and East Azerbaijan. [1, 2]
Here are the regulatory and legal details, environmentally friendly chemical alternatives, and a practical costing model for your project: 1. Legal and Environmental Ways to Obtain Mining Licenses: Procedures vary by country, but all countries follow a strict general framework to protect national resources and the environment: Prospecting License: Allows you to take small samples and conduct a geological survey of the site without carrying out extensive excavation work, and is valid for a limited period. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Mandatory requirement for project approval. This includes submitting a plan for how to handle waste (cyanide or other chemicals), protect groundwater, and a plan for site rehabilitation (filling and planting) after the project is completed. Mining Lease: Granted after proving economic feasibility, it specifies the geographical area you are allowed to operate in and the percentage of royalties you will pay to the state from the profits of extracted gold. Local Authority Approvals: These include approval from the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Mineral Resources (or the Geological Survey Authority), and approval from local communities or tribes surrounding the area to ensure their property is not harmed. 2. Less Hazardous Cyanide Alternatives: Due to cyanide's high toxicity and its ban in some countries, modern research and projects are focusing on environmentally friendly alternatives: Thiosulfate: Advantages: Completely non-toxic and environmentally safe, it is considered the best alternative to cyanide, especially for ores with high copper or carbon content (which deactivate cyanide). Disadvantages: Consumes larger quantities of chemicals and requires the addition of catalysts such as ammonia and copper. Furthermore, gold recovery from the solution is more complex than with cyanide. Chlorination: Using chlorine gas or chloride solutions to dissolve gold. It dissolves very quickly, but chlorine is a corrosive gas and requires expensive, corrosion-resistant equipment. Amino Acids/Biopolymers: Modern techniques using plant or bacterial extracts to extract gold. They are 100% environmentally friendly, but are still under development for large commercial projects and have not yet been widely adopted for small projects due to their current high cost. How to roughly calculate the operating cost for a small project. To calculate the operating cost (OPEX), the cost of processing one ton of rock must be calculated. Here is an approximate equation and a hypothetical model for a project processing 10 tons of rock per day: Daily cost elements (hypothetical for a small project): Labor: (e.g., 5 workers and operators) = $150/day. Energy and fuel: (diesel for generators, operating crushers, mills, and pumps) = $100/day. Consumables: (carbonates, activated carbon, chemicals, lime, and steel grinding balls that wear out over time) = $150/day. Maintenance and spare parts: (oils, filters, crusher belts) = $50/day. Total daily operating cost: $450 to process 10 tons (approximately $45 per ton). Profitability and feasibility criterion (calculation example): If your quartz rock contains 5 grams of gold per ton (called the ore grade), and your small plant's extraction efficiency is 80% (i.e., you extract 4 grams and lose 1 gram as waste), the expected daily output is: 10 tons × 4 grams = 40 grams of gold per day. If the hypothetical price of a gram of gold is $80, then the daily income = 40 x 80 = $3200. Approximate net daily profit: $3200 (income) - $450 (operating costs) = $2750 per day (before taxes, royalties, and the cost of initial capital equipment).
https://www.facebook.com/amer.hwaitat
Quarks are elementary subatomic particles that serve as the fundamental building blocks of all observable matter in the universe. Together with electrons, they make up atoms; quarks specifically combine via the strong force to form composite particles like protons and neutrons.The 6 Flavors of QuarksPhysicists categorize quarks into six distinct types, known as "flavors":Up and Down: The lightest and most stable quarks. A proton consists of two up quarks and one down quark, while a neutron is made of one up quark and two down quarks.Charm and Strange: Heavier quarks found naturally in high-energy interactions or cosmic rays.Top and Bottom: The most massive quarks, which are highly unstable and decay almost instantly.Unique Properties Fractional Charge: Unlike electrons, which carry an integer charge of -1, quarks have fractional electrical charges of either \(+\frac{2}{3}\) or \(-\frac{1}{3}\).Color Charge: Quarks possess a property called "color charge" (labeled red, green, or blue), which dictates how they interact with the strong nuclear force.Confinement: Because of the strong force, quarks are never found in isolation. They are permanently bound together in groups of two (mesons) or three (baryons).To explore the role of quarks in our broader understanding of the universe, check out the DOE Explains Quarks and Gluons guide from the Department of Energy, or dive into Britannica's Quark Definition for a deeper look at the Standard Model
more info in Arabic can be found here (you can translate using ChatGPT, or google translate for more accurate contexts and metaphor).
https://www.mediafire.com/file/0u2ononso49570k/The_Philosopher.docx/file
https://www.mediafire.com/file/w5ysw3tmvy2y2gh/Registers_1024_in_action_2.docx/file
https://www.mediafire.com/file/8tjv9btfx3epslt/Win32API-x86-x64_2.docx/file
https://www.mediafire.com/file/iqfgk39ymim57vf/multidimension-compilation.docx/file
https://www.mediafire.com/file/ozheyw4a2ztwwof/Caravan_Tears-1.mp3/file
https://www.mediafire.com/file/qm47zaaquz6hz64/Muhammad.in.the.holy.scripture.pdf/file
https://www.mediafire.com/file/jd8ebggbi0qjm98/Muhammad-PBUH-and_ruqiah.doc/file