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Jeana Rodia
The following is an alphabetical list of the search operators. This list includes operators that are not officially supported by Google and not listed in Google's brief online help Refine web searches.
Anchor text is the text on a page that is linked to another web page or a different place on the current page. When you click on anchor text, you will be taken to the page or place on the page to which it is linked. When using allinanchor: in your query, do not include any other search operators. The functionality of allinanchor: is also available through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.
The Uniform Resource Locator, more commonly known as URL, is the address that specifies the location of a file on the Internet. When using allinurl: in your query, do not include any other search operators. The functionality of allinurl: is also available through the Advanced Web Search page, under Occurrences.
Putting intext: in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting allintext: at the front of your query, e.g., [ intext:handsome intext:poets ] is the same as [ allintext: handsome poets ].
Putting intitle: in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting allintitle: at the front of your query, e.g., [ intitle:google intitle:search ] is the same as [ allintitle: google search ].
Also note that when you combine link: with another advanced operator, Google may not return all the pages that match. The following queries should return lots of results, as you can see if you remove the -site: term in each of these queries.
The query related:URL will list web pages that are similar to the web page you specify. For instance, [ related:www.consumerreports.org ] will list web pages that are similar to the Consumer Reports home page.
If you enter a query with the word weather and a city or location name, if Google recognizes the location, the forecast will appear at the top of the results page. Otherwise, your results will usually include links to sites with the weather conditions and forecast for that location.
Since weather is not an advanced operator, there is no need to include a colon after the word. For example, [ weather Sunnyvale CA ] will return the weather for Sunnyvale, California and [ weather 94041 ] will return the weather for the city containing the zip code (US postal code) 94041, which is Mountain View, California.
You can skip around, but I'd suggest following the story from the beginning. When you're done, you'll understand not only what each operator does, but how to use it in real-world situations and mix-and-match it with other useful operators.
Crafting original content in 2017 requires wading into the sea of content that's already been created, and Google remains the most complete map of that sea. Advanced search operators are invaluable research tools for content marketers. Let's walk through a sample content journey...
Anyone who's ever run a Google search understands this, but there's an important point here that we often overlook. Whenever you string together more than one word in a Google search, Google connects them with a logical AND. This is true of both keywords and operators. If you combine operators, Google will assume that you meant AND and will try to meet all conditions.
This is a lot closer to what you probably expected. Notice the highlighting in the second result, where Google seems to have matched "AC-DC". This is a lot closer than the previous attempt, but Google is still taking some liberties with the forward slash. Be sure to do a sanity check of results any time you use non-alphanumeric characters in a search.
Requiring all three terms might be unnecessarily restrictive. By using both ANDs and ORs in the same search, we're giving Google a bit more flexibility. Since you probably don't want to memorize the precedence of all Google search operators, I highly recommend using parentheses whenever you're in doubt.
Browsing these results, you can see quickly that Tesla is also a band and a unit of measurement. In addition, Tesla the company makes products other than cars. Keyword exclusions are also called "negative keywords" (thus the minus sign).
What if you specifically wanted to include more about the rock-n-roll band, but you didn't care whether it was spelled "rock-n-roll," "rock and roll," or "rock & roll," etc.? You can use the asterisk (*) operator as a wildcard to replace any single word:
Wildcards behave most predictably within an exact-match phrase, allowing you to find near-matches when you can't pin down your search to a single phrase. The (*) operator only operates on the word level. There is no single-character wildcard operator.
Here's a nifty one. Maybe you want to find results where "Tesla" and "Edison" not only appear in the document but are fairly close to each other. The AROUND(X) operator tells Google to only return results where the two words are within X words of each other:
The "site:" operator is an advanced command that lets you specify a specific domain you want to search on. We usually think of it as a technical SEO and audit tool, but it can also help you refine content searches. Let's say you remembered reading an article on PBS about Tesla, but lost the URL:
Typically, you'll use "site:" with a root domain (i.e. leave subdomains, like "www", off) to match as broadly as possible. Advanced operators like "site:" can be combined with each other and with keywords.
You don't have to include a full domain with "site:". For example, let's say you wanted to find any content about Nikola Tesla on a university website. You could search on all ".edu" domains (also known as a Top-Level Domain, or TLD):
Obviously, the results may still contain synonyms (naturally written content often does), but using exact-match ensures that there will be at least one instance of "discount airfare" in each of the results you get back.
Here, Google is free to match on synonyms for "discount" (such as "cheapest"), but every result is forced to include "airfare." Exact-match single words when you want to exclude variations of that word.
It's not obvious from the search results themselves, but the first result doesn't contain the phrase anywhere in the body of the text. On rare occasion, Google may match a phrase on secondary relevance factors, such as inbound link anchor text.
In these rare cases, you can use the "intext:" operator. This forces Google to find the text in the body of the document. Now, all of the top results clearly have an exact match in the content itself:
Interestingly, the second result reveals what happened with our last search. A Reddit post featured an article from The Verge with an alternate title and used that title as the anchor text. Reddit apparently had enough authority to generate a match via the anchor text alone.
What if you want to find a set of words, but they don't need to be in an exact-match phrase? You could use a separate "intext:" operator for each word, or you could use "allintext:" which tells Google to apply "intext:" to all of the words following the operator:
All of the results have the target keywords in the body text, in some combination or order. Be very careful about mixing "allintext:" (or any "allin...:" operator) with other commands, or you could end up with unexpected results. The "allintext:" operator will automatically try to process anything that follows it.
You've done your content research, and now it's time to pin down a title. You want to capture those clicks, but, of course, you don't want to be unoriginal. Here are some search operator combos for title research.
This returns roughly the same results as #24, which doesn't make for a very interesting screenshot, but is exactly what we want it to do. Again, be careful combining "allintitle:" with other operators, as it will try to consume everything following it.
The range (..) operator lets you search for a specific range of numbers. Maybe you're tired of Top 10, but don't want too short of a list. Let's check out what Top 7, 8, and 9 lists are out there:
This returned only four results, and they were all videos. So, at least you're on the right track, originality-wise. Once you master search operators, you'll eventually reach the mythical end of the Internet.
Use the "intitle:" operator with your exact-match title to easily spot whether someone has copied your entire article with no modifications. Here's a search based on a post I wrote a couple of years back:
If you want to be completely sure that the unique text is in the body of the document, you can use the "intext:" operator. Here, I've added both "intext:" and a Facebook exclusion. Within reason, it's ok to mix-and-match a variety of operators:
Practically speaking, "intext:" often returns similar results to the exact-match phrase by itself. I typically use "intext:" only when I'm seeing strange results or want to make absolutely sure that I'm only looking at document body text.
What if you're looking for a long quote, but you can't remember if you're getting that quote quite right? We often equate exact-match with long searches, but sometimes it's better to let Google go broad:
Maybe you're interested in just a single author. There's no reliable author search operator for organic results, but in most cases, just including the author's name as exact-match text will do the trick:
The "related:" operator is great when it works, but be warned that it only works for certain niches and typically for larger sites. It's also one of the rare Google search operators that can't be combined with other operators.
If you want to drill down into a site, you can specify URL folders with the "site:" operator. Forbes, for example, is conveniently organized with year-based folders, so you can easily see just articles from 2016:
What if you really want to narrow down your date range? Google also has a "daterange:" operator which lets you pinpoint publication dates to the day, in theory. For example, here's a search for Q4 of 2016:
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