Hello Carole,
Did you have a different DPI resolution for the image? If you also have this problem with the pdf2 output, I guess the DPI resolution was different in your old DITA-OT 1.8.
In DITA-OT 3.X, the path is: org.dita.pdf2.fop\cfg\fop.xconf
and there is two elements: source-resolution and target-resolution. By default, in vanilla DITA-OT 3.X, it is set to 72dpi.
In my old DITA-OT, bundled in Oxygen 17, it was there: org.dita.pdf2\fop\conf\fop.xconf, and both elements were set to 120.
Also, in Oxygen 21 (bundled with DITA-OT 3.X), the source is set to 120 and the target to 600.
I guess the best way is to avoid the pixel dimension and use a "physical" length (inch, mm). That way, the DPI resolution won't bother anymore.