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Sam Eich
The NASA Suomi-NPP VIIRS snow cover algorithm was adapted from the MODIS Collection 6 snow cover algorithm. The snow cover algorithm uses the Normalized Snow Difference Index (NDSI) to detect snow cover. The algorithm theory and performance are well understood and have been demonstrated from evaluation and validation of the MODIS snow cover product.
The NASA VIIRS snow cover algorithms and data products in C1 have been significantly revised and data content has been increased compared to the original NOAA-Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) snow cover products that were developed based on the MODIS Collection 5 (C5) snow cover algorithms.
The NASA VIIRS sequence of snow cover products, from the Level-2 swath product VNP10, to the daily gridded tile product VNP10A1 is similar to the MODIS sequence of products. The VIIRS swath and Level 3 products are produced at 375m resolution, while the equivalent MODIS products are produced at 500m resolution. Newly added isthe cloud-gap-filled daily product VNP101AF.
The VIIRS snow cover products are produced at the NASA Land Science Investigator-led Processing System (SIPS) located at Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, MD and archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center located in Boulder, CO.
The products are provided in NETCDF format. Currently, this collection is available from January 19, 2012 and forward. Products from the VIIRS sensor aboard JPSS-1 (J1) will be also be available starting in mid-2023.
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Seasonal snow is a main element of the global water cycle and climate system. Due to its strong influence on the radiation and energy balance, changes in snow extent tend to amplify climate fluctuations. Terrestrial snow covers up to 50 million km2 of the Northern Hemisphere in winter and is characterised by high spatial and temporal variability. Therefore satellite observations provide the only means for timely and complete observations of the global snow cover.
The IPCC Working Group 1 report, published 2013, identifies a clear trend of decrease in seasonal snow extent during recent decades. The importance of accurate data on the global snow cover has been addressed in the WCRP-CliC Workshop and "WCRP Grand Challenges and the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate", held in Tromsö, 16-18 October 2013. In order to improve the knowledge of the temporal dynamics and physical properties of snow as a component of the coupled climate system, the need to "produce better global-scale datasets of snow cover, SWE, and snow thermal properties by drawing together local and remote sensing observations" has been identified as an important goal". Also in the WMO Global Cryosphere Watch Workshop in January 2013 the need for evaluating and consolidating snow products based on different satellite sensors and retrieval methods was identified.
The Quality Control framework for Earth Observation (QA4EO), which consists of a set of seven guidelines, is endorsed by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, and has been developed by the satellite calibration and validation (Cal/Val) communities to meet the needs of the Earth Observation communities. These QA4EO guidelines have been written with the aid of national metrology institutes of the United States and Europe and, where appropriate, are based on best practices of the wider EO and non-EO communities. Within this context, the SPPA team manages a series of projects, including Satellite Snow Product Intercomparison and Evaluation Exercise (SnowPEx), addressing sensor calibration and traceability, as well as end-to end product traceability and uncertainty estimations. QA4EO-SnowPEx is an inter-comparison and validation exercise.
Theia Snow product is generated from Sentinel-2 (20m resolution, every 5 days or less) and Landsat-8 images over selected areas of the globe (see map below). For precise and justified research needs, it is nevertheless possible to request a particular production, subject to production capacity.
The maps.theia-land.fr geographic layer server offers the possibility to visualise online or in your GIS software the current state of the snow cover for metropolitan France, broadcast in WMTS and calculated from the last 20 days.
CREST Snow Depth Product: Snow depth over the world at 20-km resolution derived from clear-sky microwave (10, 19, 37, and 89 GHz) observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) instrument onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite. The algorithm is fully automated. The product is currently on an experimental phase.
The Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) is an operational software package used to demarcate the presence of snow and ice across the entire northern hemisphere. This software enables qualified analysts to access multiple sets of remotely sensed data in order to create and distribute 1 km resolution maps of snow and ice. The data is used for operational weather model initializations as well as other NOAA programs, and academic studies. The Digital Object Identifier for IMS information is 10.7265/N52R3PMC . Please visit our IMS information page or IMS Product Catalog to learn more.
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