Ap Police Cadres
Gaetan Boren
The Andhra Pradesh Police is the law enforcement agency of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Public order and police being a state subject in India,[2] the police force is headed by the Director general of police, Ch. D. Tirumala Rao, IPS.
The Madras Act XXIV(24) of 1859 which marked the beginning of the Madras Police and shortly later, the Police Act of 1861 instituted the system of police which forms the foundation of modern-day police in India. The "Ceded Areas" of Andhra, as they were popularly known, continued as a part of the Madras Police and it was only in October 1953, after the birth of a separate Andhra State, that the Andhra State Police gained individual existence. Finally with the formation of the Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956 integrating the Telugu areas of the erstwhile Hyderabad state with the Andhra State, the modern day Andhra Pradesh Police came into existence. After the bifurcation of the state in 2014, the police force once again bifurcated.[3] This time, it was divided into Andhra Pradesh police and Telangana Police.
The Andhra Pradesh State Police Recruitment Board is responsible for recruitment. The board is releases recruitment notification time to time and conducts written examinations, physical tests, medical tests, and interviews for selecting applicants.[4]
Each police district is either coterminous with the Revenue district, or is located entirely within a revenue district. It is headed by a District commissioner of Police (or simply called Superintendent of Police). Each district comprises two or more Sub-Divisions, several circles and Police Stations.
Each Sub-Division is headed by a Police officer of the rank Deputy Superintendent of Police (Officers of Andhra Pradesh Police Service are directly recruited officers or promoted from lower ranks) or an Additional Superintendent of Police (Officers of Indian Police Service). The officer who heads a Sub-Division is known as S.D.P.O. resp. Sub Divisional Police Officer.
A Police Station is headed by an Inspector (an upper subordinate rank). A Police Station is the basic unit of policing, responsible for prevention and detection of crime, maintenance of public order, enforcing law in general as well as for performing protection duties and making security arrangements for the constitutional authorities, government functionaries, representatives of the public in different legislative bodies and local self governments, public figures etc.
A Police Commissionerate is a law enforcement body especially in the urban parts of the state. The commissionerate is headed by a Commissioner of Police. Vijayawada City Police and Visakhapatnam City Police are the local law enforcement agencies for the cities of Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam respectively. The Guntur Urban Police is being planned to be upgraded as Guntur Police Commissionerate.[6]
Gazetted officers include all the Indian Police Service officers which are Group A officers of the cadre and all State Police Services officers of and above the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police. All are arranged in a hierarchical order.
The Ministry of Home Affairs is in overall charge of internal as well as external security and policing, and is the controlling authority for the Indian Police Service (IPS). The Home Secretary, the administrative head of the MHA, is an IAS officer in the rank of Secretary to Government of India.
The Home Department of each respective state is primarily tasked with policy and administration related to law and order, police, internal security, prisons, and prosecution, among other responsibilities. The department is headed by an Additional Chief Secretary or Principal Secretary to the Government. It oversees the maintenance of law and order, the prevention and control of crime, the prosecution of criminals, and also deals with fire services and prison administration. The state police forces function under this department, playing a vital role in enforcing laws, ensuring public safety, and maintaining order within the state's jurisdiction.
Each state police force is headed by an IPS officer in the rank of Director General of Police (DGP). The head of a state police force has the designation of Director General of Police, and is assisted by one to several Additional or Special DGPs. Each Additional/Special DGP is responsible for a bureau within the state police (Law & Order, Crime, Administration, Intelligence, etc.).[14][15][16] Some large state police forces, such as the Maharashtra Police, Tamil Nadu Police and Uttar Pradesh Police are generally divided into zones, ranges and commissionerates. However, even some large police forces such as Bihar Police don't have Police Commissionerates. Smaller state police forces, such as the Andaman and Nicobar Police or the Arunachal Pradesh Police, are typically only divided into ranges; however, this system of divisions can vary from force to force.[14][15][16][17] Each range or zone is headed by an officer in the rank of Additional DGP or Inspector General of Police.
Commissionerates generally encompass major cities that are so designated, such as Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad etc. Each commissionerate has its own individual police force headed by an IPS officer with the designation of Commissioner of Police (CP). The Commissioner of Police may be of the rank of Additional DGP, ADGP or IGP but can also be in the rank of DIGP. The Commissioner of Police is empowered with the powers of an executive magistrate and functions as such. The Commissioner of Police is assisted by one to several Joint Commissioners of Police, who usually hold the rank of IGP (or Deputy IGP).[18][15] Each is in charge of a bureau (Law and Order, Crime, etc.), mirroring the organisation of the state police as a whole. Below the JCPs, the organisation is typically as follows:
However, District Superintendents or Senior Superintendents of Police are not empowered with the powers of an executive magistrate, in Districts these powers, like promulgating Section 144, granting arms licenses, are exercised by the District Magistrate, who is an IAS officer.
Sub-inspectors (PSIs), the first police officers who may file a charge sheet, often command police stations in rural districts or police outposts or substations; in cities, they operate out of a police station and administer beats (chowkies). Sub-inspectors are assisted by assistant sub-inspectors (ASIs), who may also be in charge of chowkies, under them are head constables (senior constables), who lead teams of constables.
In an atmosphere of growing political tension, Paraguayan president Nicanor Duarte Flores is considering a purge the country's police cadres following alleged interferences in efforts to find Cecilia Cubas, daughter of former president Raul Cubas, who had been kidnapped and her body was found this week.
According to reliable sources from the presidential palace, and confirming insistent press reports, "the President is considering a deep purge". Apparently Mr. Duarte Flores objective is to finish with "untouchable fiefs" in the police cadres, which allegedly hid information and obstructed the investigation to discover the 32 year old woman who was abducted last September and her decaying remains found this week, with death by asphyxia possibly dating back to 30/60 days. However a Government House spokesperson said that President Duarte Flores confirmed Friday Home Secretary Nelson Mora and Police Chief Commissioner Carlos Zelaya, who had voluntarily resigned following the finding of the body.The purpose of the purge is to "moralize the institution", and recover public opinion credibility. "The President asked Mr. Mora to remain in his post investigating the case until those responsible for the kidnapping are individualized". One of the first targets apparently involves Commissar Merardo Palacios the former head of the Police Station in emby, where the body was found in a small chamber built underground a local residence. emby mayor Blas Lanzon claims police authorities aborted an investigation he ordered into the suspected house, which led to accusations of "police cover up" and Home Secretary Mora revealed that some recordings and phone tapping indicate that several officers involved in the investigation "had a disloyal conduct". Cecilia Cubas was buried Friday among tears and cries of "Ceci lives!" following an emotional service attended by more than 2,000 people. Nationwide revulsion and dismay followed Wednesday's discovery of her badly decomposed slain body. Cecilia Cubas was kidnapped September 21 by gunmen who dragged her from her car outside her home in the capital suburb of San Lorenzo. Despite the family's payment in November of a ransom reported by local media to have been anywhere from $300,000 to $800,000, Cecilia remained missing until Wednesday's search of the house in emby. The Prosecution so far has charged five people in connection with the abduction, most of them from the tiny leftist Free Homeland Party. The alleged ringleader, Omar Martinez, has been linked by authorities to Colombian leftist rebels, FARC, (Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces) who use extortive kidnapping as one of their main means of raising funds. The ongoing investigation is being aided by the Colombian government, which is searching immigration records for Paraguayans who entered the Andean nation in recent months. Prosecutors in Asuncion are working under the theory that Free Homeland Party members travelled to Bogot to receive training from FARC
Unlike factory laborers, who receive rations, farmers receive a lump sum of food in the fall at the end of the farming year to sustain them for the next year. In North Korea, this is referred to as the farm rationing system."
Under these circumstances, the number of people in the countryside who were unable to work due to hunger increased year by year, resulting in a vicious cycle of labor shortages during the farming season that negatively impacted agricultural productivity. That's why North Korea introduced the farm rationing system in 2019. In a nutshell, farms store three months of food for the next year's farming season (April-June) and then distribute it to households in the spring. (There may be differences in the timing and status of the system between regions.)
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