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Conventional wisdom suggests that exercise training with a personal trainer (PTr) is more beneficial for improving health-related fitness than training alone. However, there are no published data that confirm whether fitness club members who exercise with a PTr in the fitness club setting obtain superior results compared with self-directed training. We hypothesized that club members randomized to receive an evidence-based training program would accrue greater improvements in lean body mass (LBM) and other fitness measures than members randomized to self-training. Men, aged 30-44 years, who were members of a single Southern California fitness club were randomized to exercise with a PTr administering a nonlinear periodized training program (TRAINED, N = 17) or to self-directed training (SELF, N = 17); both groups trained 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Lean body mass was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength 1 repetition maximum (1RM), leg power (vertical jump), and aerobic capacity (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max). TRAINED individuals increased LBM by 1.3 (0.4) kg, mean (SEM) vs. no change in SELF, p = 0.029. Similarly, significantly greater improvements were seen for TRAINED vs. SELF in chest press strength (42 vs. 19%; p = 0.003), peak leg power (6 vs. 0.6%; p Body composition is the proportion of fat to nonfat-substances in the body and actively improving body composition can make you a faster cyclist. Burning fat will have a positive effect on body composition while burning protein and muscle mass will have a negative effect.
Instead of focusing on just losing weight, cyclists should prioritize improving body composition as well. This means that while their weight may fluctuate or stay stagnant, over time they are increasing lean muscle mass and decreasing fat through proper training and nutrition.
Traditionally, cyclists focus on their power-to-weight ratio (W/Kg) as an indicator of performance potential and numeric ranking against other athletes. While increasing your W/Kg should be a high priority, improper focus on your power to weight ratio can be counter productive as it only takes into account your overall weight, and not your body composition.
Additionally, you can increase your power to weight ratio through weight loss without getting faster. This happens when you are losing muscle mass or sacrificing proper nutrition and freshness to reach a weight goal. Conversely, if your weight remains stagnant but you are actively losing fat and gaining muscle, you will likely become faster.
This is why we recommend that athletes use DEXA scan data or a bioelectrical impedance scale to track body fat opposed to merely tracking weight. Tracking your body fat is the best way to understand how your body composition is changing in response to your training and eating.
To avoid losing muscle mass, proper nutrition on and off the bike is important. A balanced diet proportionate to the work you plan on completing allows you to productively maintain your training load. This means optimizing how much you eat and what you eat on both recovery days and big training days. Restrictive dieting on training days or even recovery days can hinder the productivity of future workouts, and your training plan as a whole.
As your season goes on, eating patterns will change, just as your training plan and volume does. Serious athletes periodize their nutrition just like they do their training, and adjust their eating to the demands of their training. Throughout the season this will consistently include eating a variety of high quality nutritious foods that continuously balance the workload you complete.
As for the amount of carbohydrates you should be taking in outside of your workouts, we recommend systematically adding more carbohydrates during pre-workout meals and paying close attention to the RPE (rate of perceived exertion) of your workouts. You will know you are on the right track with nutrition, when you are able to increase carbohydrate consumption without an increase in body fat, and your RPE becomes lower for the same workouts.
Despite the variations, every person can actively improve their own body composition by being disciplined with their nutrition, sticking to a structured training plan and maintaining balance. The combination of these things will lead to improved performance.
For a rage-inducing glimpse at the bureaucratic horrorshow that inevitably results when municipal governments attempt to lead the nation on health regulations or professional licensing, read The Washington Post's depressingly thorough story on the District of Columbia's pioneering efforts to do both via the licensing and regulation of personal trainers. It's a report with something to outrage just about everyone.
The problem for personal trainers is that no standards currently exist. Instead, dozens of competing descriptions have been written by gym owners, for-profit training companies and self-proclaimed fitness experts. There are even competing organizations that certify competing tests.
Some exercise specialists who work most closely with medical groups say the D.C. physical therapy board has an inherent conflict of interest and is trying to restrict professionals with whom their own industry is in direct competition. They point to draft language that could be construed as cutting out personal trainers from potentially billable future work.
Once again, wait: You really mean that professional groups granted regulatory power over their rivals might use licensing requirements in self-interested ways? Who could possibly have imagined that this would happen?
Rules have already been considered that would either block new entrants to the physical fitness market or saddle them with enormous expenses. Crossfit, which I have never tried, but which lots of people seem to enjoy quite a bit, seems to be a particular target. One D.C. Crossfit entrepreneur, a former legal worker, tells the Post that he would not have been able to open his facilities under one requirement that has already been floated:
One early proposal that the D.C. board discussed but appears to have moved away from would have required personal trainers to have as much as a four-year degree. Killion said that if such a rule were adopted, he almost certainly wouldn't have abandoned a career in law.
Not only would they make it more expensive and onerous to operate fitness facilities, and thus make it likely that there would be fewer of them and that fewer people would be members, they also have the potential to reshape the sorts of classes and services that gyms offer, and, in addition, to impose one-size-fits-all fitness requirements that don't reflect individual preferences or physical responsiveness:
"This will affect everyone because 'fitness' is a nebulous term. That's why we have so many pathways to achieve it .?.?. we all respond differently to exercise and we all have different factors in our lives that come into play in trying to attain it," said Phillip Godfrey, a medical exercise specialist in the District who has tracked the D.C. law for months and has become convinced the final product will be problematic for his livelihood.
Does anyone really think that any meaningful, mass improvements in health and fitness will come of this? Based on the long history of poor government health interventions and dietary recommendations, which have similarly attempted (and in many cases still attempt) to impose dubiously sourced, centrally devised, often provably wrong eating guidelines on aspects of personal health that are inherently individual in nature, the answer to that question at least should be a resounding no.
INDIANAPOLIS--Convincing student-athletes not to take supplements to improve performance is one of the great challenges facing athletics personnel and sports dieticians. So is convincing them that they can achieve the same effects more safely with food, hydration and exercise.
Just as the dietitian is trying to educate the athlete, the athletic trainer needs to educate. Athletic trainers need to discuss with athletes the risks and benefits of supplements and how it might be problematic for drug testing to use any, she said.
While a number of supplement manufacturers are legitimate, the areas of body building and weight loss seem to be more at risk of unethical behavior, he said. Roberts said that in some cases, manufacturers add a steroid to a product to get an initial positive marketing response and then remove that ingredient. Word of mouth continues to sell the product, but if U.S. Food and Drug Administration testing occurs, the element has been removed.
The quality concerns about supplements are serious, said Michele Macedonio, a registered dietitian and nutrition consultant and a director of sports dietetics with SCAN (Sports, Cardiovascular and Wellness Nutrition). Members of SCAN are experts in nutrition for athletics performance, fitness and weight management.
The supplement industry is unregulated before market. Unlike drugs, supplements are not required to go through FDA testing before they are sold. The FDA enters the picture only when it receives reports of adverse results from a supplement.
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