Generator Keys

[Carmel Useted]

Ourfree mobile-friendly tool offers a variety of randomly generated keys and passwords you can use to secure any application, service or device. Simply click to copy a password or press the 'Generate' button for an entirely new set.

Your online passwords should always be between 8-12 characters long (more is always better) and should always include a combination of letters (both upper and lowercase), digits and symbols. And, don't forget to change your passwords regularly.

Take a look at the python docs on expressions. These are all things that just represent values of one sort or another, of various complexity. They are not side-effect inducing things (like I/O) or transformations on mutable data. Generator expressions are, as the name implies, just another kind of expression.

Reducing lines of code is not the intended purpose of generator expressions. Beyond their primary usefulness of "memory efficiency and lazily computed values" (thanks commenter below) a big part of their purpose is to make your code more concise and readable by making iterators a more accessible kind of atomic value. If you're making your code less readable, you're probably using generator expressions incorrectly.

In particular generator expressions seem to me tightly linked with the functional paradigm of python programming. They yield values as you would expect from a mathematically defined series, like the generator yielding all the Fibonacci numbers for a example. With this functional paradigm in mind, using generators specifically to produce side-effects is probably a code smell.

To put it positively the right way to use generator expressions is probably to have them doing a single well-defined transformation on one element of an iterable data set at a time, and yielding that transformed data afterwards. This fits in with the functional paradigm: a function takes in a value, returns a value, and has no side-effects.

You could possibly use a generator function to refactor this code in an interesting way which would allow you to print successive elements by iterating through the generated elements. Like so:

Note that the map() is for converting non-string elements into strings so that they can be joined with join(). If you are sure that the keys and values will always be strings, you can simply use ' ---> '.join(item) instead.

d.itervalues() returns a generator of all the values in each dictionary. itertools.chain takes all those generators, and flattens them into a single generator. The itertools.imap function converts all your values to strings, so they can be printed. Those values are then fed to the .join method which puts a newline between each value and prints it.

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Hi, I am using resusable sequence generator to create surrogate key in my single target table loading it in multiple sessions. I am using default 1000 cashed values for this. The number of rows getting inserted is dynamic based on which day I run (It can be in millions or it can be in thousands so I dont want to increase the cashe value number in sequence generator). Now when I run these sessions in parallel to load the target table it loads the data but randomly it fails saying that the unique key violation occured. When I saw the reason it is creating the same key that it has already created in one session. Can somebody please help me to understand what could be wrong in my transformation, mapping or session. As it is a reusable sequence I have reset option desabled, cycle option desabled and my start value is 0 with increment value of 1. Please let me know if you need more information to pinpoint the problem. Thanks CM

The cached value for Sequence Generator should not be a cause for duplicate

values.

When 2 sessions are running in parallel, and each has exhausted the cached

values at the same time, even then it should not get duplicate values

because 2 sessions cannot update the current value column in the repository

at the same time.

No there is no informatica bug known till date. As you rightly mention, use of cache values is to expedite the processing. but at the same time, you need to rightly assign the cache values being used at one time ((It can be in millions or it can be in thousands records inserted), kindly set the upper value. It can only unused, in the case, multiple sessions are referring to this reuseable seq t/r. But above, if you verify the logic also, may be its not incrementing correctly, something related to it. Otherwise, such problems are not encountered for the seq generator t/r.

We are also facing the same issue that reusable sequence generator is assigning duplicate values to concurrently running session.we have used 1000 as cached values.Both the session for which sq transformer has generated duplicate values had loaded 15-20 records each in the target table.

The problem is, it is difficult to consolidate all these information to succinctly answer the questions I have about cryptographic keys. How are they generated? What mechanism come to play in key generation, are they more than just random numbers? and do certain use cases call for certain ways of generating these keys?

Cryptographic keys should generally be generated secretly and uniformly at random in the cryptosystem's key domain; that is in the set of valid keys for the cryptosystem. What makes a key valid depends on the cryptosystem and often parameters (typically including key size).

Each key must be indistinguishable from random, from the point of view of potential adversaries. This can mean that the key is generated randomly (as explained above). But not all keys are generated randomly: some keys are calculated deterministically from a mixture of keys and other inputs. Such processes are called key derivation. HKDF is an example of a key derivation function. A pseudorandom function (PRF) can be a building block for a KDF. For example, when two computers communicate over an encrypted channel, they typically derive the same keys from a shared secret.

Clearly if you have to access multiple services, you'll need multiple passwords /keys. IT professionals typically have 100's of passwords /keys. You generally pick the passwords from your life experiences. So my iguana's name features in most of them (Trevor). Spreadsheets are useful for managing this.

You don't trust the government that commonplace cryptography hasn't been broken in polynomial time. And so (as diplomatic services do [why?]) you use one time pads. That requires a truly random key symbol for every plaintext symbol you send. This statistically is no different than point 2.

No. They're just random numbers with a uniform distribution. But, there is the concept of Kolgomorov complexity. That means the source of the numbers is not deterministic. It is universally unique. Again, easily achieved but requires some thinking. \dev\urandom is deterministic so can't be used for point 3.

I am really new to PuTTY and PuTTY key generator as I am trying to setup EC2 on AWS. I have managed to install PuTTY on my Mac, and PuTTY works fine, but every time I click on PuTTY key generator I see a message (please see the snap attached) and no pop up window. how do I get it to work? I have Mac Mojave.

PuTTYgen is normally installed as part of the normal PuTTY .msi package installation. There is no need for a separate PuTTYgen download. Download the PuTTY installation package. For detailed installation instructions, see PuTTY installation instructions.

To create a new key pair, select the type of key to generate from the bottom of the screen (using SSH-2 RSA with 2048 bit key size is good for most people; another good well-known alternative is ECDSA).

Then click Generate, and start moving the mouse within the Window. Putty uses mouse movements to collect randomness. The exact way you are going to move your mouse cannot be predicted by an external attacker. You may need to move the mouse for some time, depending on the size of your key. As you move it, the green progress bar should advance.

Once the progress bar becomes full, the actual key generation computation takes place. This may take from several seconds to several minutes. When complete, the public key should appear in the Window. You can now specify a passphrase for the key.

You should save at least the private key by clicking Save private key. It may be advisable to also save the public key, though it can be later regenerated by loading the private key (by clicking Load).

To install the public key, Log into the server, edit the authorized_keys file with your favorite editor, and cut-and-paste the public key output by the above command to the authorized_keys file. Save the file. Configure PuTTY to use your private key file (here keyfile.ppk). Then test if login works. See configuring public key authentication for PuTTY.

In larger organizations, the number of SSH keys on servers and clients can easily grow to tens of thousands, in some cases to millions of keys. In large quantities, SSH keys can become a massive security risk and they can violate compliance requirements.

Universal SSH Key Manager can manage PuTTY keys in addition to OpenSSH and Tectia keys. It works with legacy keys on traditional servers as well as dynamic and keyless elastic environments in the cloud. Any larger organization should ensure they have proper provisioning and termination processes for SSH keys as part of their Identify and Access Management (IAM) practice.

It is recommended that all SSH keys be regenerated and changed periodically. The Universal SSH Key Manager can automate this. Just changing the passphrase is no substitute, but it is better than nothing. These instructions can also be used to add a passphrase to a key that was created without one.

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