Space Shuttle photograph of the Hawaiian Islands, the southernmostpart of the long volcanic trail of the "Hawaiian hotspot" (seetext). Kauai is in the lower right corner (edge) and the Big Island of Hawaiiin the upper left corner. Note the curvature of the Earth (top edge). (Photographcourtesy of NASA.)
In 1963, J. Tuzo Wilson, the Canadian geophysicist who discovered transformfaults, came up with an ingenious idea that became known as the "hotspot"theory. Wilson noted that in certain locations around the world, such asHawaii, volcanism has been active for very long periods of time. This couldonly happen, he reasoned, if relatively small, long-lasting, and exceptionallyhot regions -- called hotspots -- existed below the plates that wouldprovide localized sources of high heat energy (thermal plumes) tosustain volcanism. Specifically, Wilson hypothesized that the distinctivelinear shape of the Hawaiian Island-Emperor Seamounts chain resulted fromthe Pacific Plate moving over a deep, stationary hotspot in the mantle,located beneath the present-day position of the Island of Hawaii. Heat fromthis hotspot produced a persistent source of magma by partly melting theoverriding Pacific Plate. The magma, which is lighter than the surroundingsolid rock, then rises through the mantle and crust to erupt onto the seafloor,forming an active seamount. Over time, countless eruptions cause the seamountto grow until it finally emerges above sea level to form an island volcano.Wilson suggested that continuing plate movement eventually carries the islandbeyond the hotspot, cutting it off from the magma source, and volcanismceases. As one island volcano becomes extinct, another develops over thehotspot, and the cycle is repeated. This process of volcano growth and death,over many millions of years, has left a long trail of volcanic islands andseamounts across the Pacific Ocean floor.
According to Wilson's hotspot theory, the volcanoes of the Hawaiian chainshould get progressively older and become more eroded the farther they travelbeyond the hotspot. The oldest volcanic rocks on Kauai, the northwesternmostinhabited Hawaiian island, are about 5.5 million years old and are deeplyeroded. By comparison, on the "Big Island" of Hawaii -- southeasternmostin the chain and presumably still positioned over the hotspot -- the oldestexposed rocks are less than 0.7 million years old and new volcanic rockis continually being formed.
Although Hawaii is perhaps the best known hotspot, others are thought toexist beneath the oceans and continents. More than a hundred hotspots beneaththe Earth's crust have been active during the past 10 million years. Mostof these are located under plate interiors (for example, the African Plate),but some occur near diverging plate boundaries. Some are concentrated nearthe mid-oceanic ridge system, such as beneath Iceland, the Azores, and theGalapagos Islands.
A few hotspots are thought to exist below the North American Plate. Perhapsthe best known is the hotspot presumed to exist under the continental crustin the region of Yellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming. Hereare several calderas (large craters formed by the ground collapseaccompanying explosive volcanism) that were produced by three gigantic eruptionsduring the past two million years, the most recent of which occurred about600,000 years ago. Ash deposits from these powerful eruptions have beenmapped as far away as Iowa, Missouri, Texas, and even northern Mexico. Thethermal energy of the presumed Yellowstone hotspot fuels more than 10,000hot pools and springs, geysers (like Old Faithful), and bubbling mudpots(pools of boiling mud). A large body of magma, capped by a hydrothermalsystem (a zone of pressurized steam and hot water), still exists beneaththe caldera. Recent surveys demonstrate that parts of the Yellowstone regionrise and fall by as much as 1 cm each year, indicating the area is stillgeologically restless. However, these measurable ground movements, whichmost likely reflect hydrothermal pressure changes, do not necessarily signalrenewed volcanic activity in the area.
Authors' Note: Since this booklet's publication in 1996, vigorous scientific debate has ensued regarding volcanism at "hotspots." New studies suggest that hotspots are neither deep phenomena nor "fixed" in position over geologic time, as assumed in the popular plume model. See "
hi guys, hoping you can help; I have a WN300RPv3 wifi range extender. What i am trying to do is connect the extender to my iphones personal hotspot so i can then connect a device via the patch lead out the bottom of the extender - in other words use the device to give a hardwired unit the internet from my phone. When i try to set the unit up i cant find the phones personal hotspot - am i doing something wrong? thanks for any help
If your hotspot has a WPS button you should be able to connect that way if not you will need to connect to the extender and go to www.mywifiext.net then do the setup and connect to the aircards wireless network.
I was successful connecting a PC with Windows 10 OS using a Ralink and Linksys AE6000 USB wireless adapter to the extender which was connected to the iPhone 5 with the cell phone data and mobile hotspot enabled giving the PC access to the internet. The speeds could not be tested accurately because I am in the country with poor cell phone service. My cell phone provider assures me they will be enabling a block of LTE towers. This exercise was preparation for cell phone service enhancements.
Hi, maybe it has become easier to connect devices to iPhone hotspots in August of 2019. I connect my PC through an iPhone hotspot using the lightning cable (USB). It is fast & sturdy and than on from the PC you can setup a (private) LAN network or a wireless network if you like. It needs (LAN) only a connected Router (PC LAN). These routers are cheap now to obtain. In Windows 10 it is possible to pause all syncing in the background because you use a SIM (metered connection). Your data (rate) usage will be considerebly lower. Expect speeds up to 30+Mbps. That seems sufficient even using Netflix in HD. I never use more then 2.5GB on a daily basis wich is within the 5GB daily standard limit of a unlimited 4G account. You do the math?
Iphones can't have cell data and wifi on at the same time. You must set up your iphone as a hotspot using cell data. Use another device to set up the range extender that can have the wifi turned on, like an ipad, or another iphone.
Is it possible to use a mobile hotspot wifi signal as the input for the 7800 Router? I have a very slow dish network as my usual internet provider. The Nighthawk router provides excellent wi-fi coverage in my house and surrounding property. My smartphone hotspot has very fast download speed with an unlimited data plan. Can I this hotspot or a dedicated hotspot modem to link via wi-fi to the router?
I mentioned using a mobile hotspot modem because you might be able to use one of those as the source for a router, even if you have to use it in AP mode. To see if that is an option, you'd have to pick a mobile hotspot and check its manual.
I was getting maybe 5-10MB down and like 1MB up without the outdoor antenna. After configuring the antenna, I am getting anywhere from 40MB down to as high as 100MB down, and anywhere from 2.5MB up to 12MB up. It depends on time of day and my current prioritization on the AT&T network. I would also suggest using one of those power outlet timers with the M1 and set it up so that the M1 reboots every morning at like 4:30am or whatever. Having this unit reboot every morning before you wake up will help with performance. Every time you reboot the M1 it has to reconnect to the AT&T network, and I believe if you basically do a reconnect it will put you to the top of the priority list, which is why you will notice whenever you reboot the M1 or any other hotspot/LTE modem the speeds are much better. Then as time goes on throughout the day you move down the priority list and your speeds become slower.
Sophos is my edge device to ISP where I've created a lot of firewall rules and Sophos is connected to Mikrotik because of this I can't use firewall rules to block or allow any mac address. My issue is some of the workstation Pc users are using a mobile hotspot to connect to the wifi since the blocked applications in the wifi are allowed on their computers because they're from sales and marketing. So, my problem is I want to block them from using mobile hotspot from windows 11 and connect to the AP for wifi access so that I can control what they're accessing.
Hello Kaeyana,
Thank you for reaching out to the community, see you can not control the allow/block action if the client connected to the Internet does not have Sophos Firewall as there gateway. So in this scenario, the best thing would be to have an endpoint that control the network traffic, so that even if someone uses mobile hotspot they may not be able to access the sites blocked in your organization !!
For me wireless debugging works flawlessly on my home Wi-Fi, but I always wanted to go in the park and have the freedom of developing applications without the cable, where my iPhone provides Internet via its hotspot.
Connect to iPhone's hotspot. Disconnect the USB cable. My iPhone is still visible under Devices because wireless debugging is enabled, but I cannot run and debug applications. Control + click the iPhone, and select: Connect via IP: 172.20.10.1 Done! Now it just works.
The Yellowstone Hotspot track is superimposed on other tectonic provinces of the Pacific Northwest. The hotspot first surfaced 17 million years ago as massive outpourings of fluid basalt lava in the Columbia Plateau and Steens Basalt region. Surfacing of the hotspot was affected by subduction that is now manifest as the Cascadia Subduction Zone where the Juan de Fuca Plate descends beneath the edge of the continent. Since then the North American Plate has been moving west-southwest over the hotspot, so that a chain of explosive rhyolite volcanic centers (pink blobs) extends across the Snake River Plain to Yellowstone. This line of supervolcanoes is concurrent with continental rifting forming the Basin and Range Province.
Modified from Oregon's Island in the Sky: Geology Road Guide to Marys Peak, by Robert J. Lillie, Wells Creek Publishers, 75 pp., 2017, www.amazon.com/dp/1540611965.