Streamline Pdf
Edilma Howard
Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In industrial design, it was used in railroad locomotives, telephones, toasters, buses, appliances, and other devices to give the impression of sleekness and modernity.[1]
As the Great Depression of the 1930s progressed, Americans saw a new aspect of Art Deco, i.e., streamlining, a concept first conceived by industrial designers who stripped Art Deco design of its ornament in favor of the aerodynamic pure-line concept of motion and speed developed from scientific thinking. The cylindrical forms and long horizontal windowing in architecture may also have been influenced by constructivism, and by the New Objectivity artists, a movement connected to the German Werkbund. Examples of this style include the 1923 Mossehaus, the reconstruction of the corner of a Berlin office building in 1923 by Erich Mendelsohn and Richard Neutra. The Streamline Moderne was sometimes a reflection of austere economic times; sharp angles were replaced with simple, aerodynamic curves, and ornament was replaced with smooth concrete and glass.
Streamline Moderne appeared most often in buildings related to transportation and movement, such as bus and train stations, airport terminals, roadside cafes, and port buildings.[2] It had characteristics common with modern architecture, including a horizontal orientation, rounded corners, the use of glass brick walls or porthole windows, flat roofs, chrome-plated hardware, and horizontal grooves or lines in the walls. They were frequently white or in subdued pastel colors.
An example of this style is the Aquatic Park Bathhouse in the Aquatic Park Historic District, in San Francisco. Built beginning in 1936 by the Works Progress Administration, it features the distinctive horizontal lines, classic rounded corners railing and windows of the style, resembling the elements of ship. The interior preserves much of the original decoration and detail, including murals by artist and color theoretician Hilaire Hiler. The architects were William Mooser Jr. and William Mooser III. It is now the administrative center of Aquatic Park Historic District.
The Normandie Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, which opened during 1942, is built in the stylized shape of the ocean liner SS Normandie, and displays the ship's original sign. The Sterling Streamliner Diners in New England were diners designed like streamlined trains.
Although Streamline Moderne houses are less common than streamline commercial buildings, residences do exist. The Lydecker House in Los Angeles, built by Howard Lydecker, is an example of Streamline Moderne design in residential architecture. In tract development, elements of the style were sometimes used as a variation in postwar row housing in San Francisco's Sunset District.
In France, the style was called Paquebot, meaning ocean liner. The French version was inspired by the launch of the ocean liner Normandie in 1935, which featured an Art Deco dining room with columns of Lalique crystal. Buildings using variants of the style appeared in Belgium and in Paris, notably in a building at 3 boulevard Victor in the 15th arrondissement, by the architect Pierre Patout. He was one of the founders of the Art Deco style. He designed the entrance to the Pavilion of a Collector at the 1925 Exposition of Decorative Arts, the birthplace of the style. He was also the designer of the interiors of three ocean liners, the Ile-de-France (1926), the L'Atlantique (1930), and the Normandie (1935).[3] Patout's building on Avenue Victor lacked the curving lines of the American version of the style, but it had a narrow "bow" at one end, where the site was narrow, long balconies like the decks of a ship, and a row of projections like smokestacks on the roof. Another 1935 Paris apartment building at 1 Avenue Paul Doumer in the 16th arrondissement had a series of terraces modelled after the decks of an ocean liner.[4]
The Flagey Building was built on the Place Flagey in Ixelles (Brussels), Belgium, in 1938, in the paquebot style,[5] and has been nicknamed "Packet Boat"[6] or "paquebot".[7] It was designed by Joseph Diongre [fr], and selected as the winning design in an architectural competition[8] to create a building to house the former headquarters of the Belgian National Institute of Radio Broadcasting (INR/NIR).[9] The building was extensively renovated, and in 2002, it reopened as a cultural centre known as Le Flagey.[8][10]
Streamline style can be contrasted with functionalism, which was a leading design style in Europe at the same time. One reason for the simple designs in functionalism was to lower the production costs of the items, making them affordable to the large European working class.[14] Streamlining and functionalism represent two different schools in modernistic industrial design.
The Division of Water Rights (Division) has developed a streamlined permitting process for diversions of water from high flow events to underground storage. The streamlined process will directly assist GSAs and other local agencies working to address SGMA and adverse impacts caused by extractions.
The streamlined permitting process consists of an administrative adjustment in priorities and process. No statutory or regulatory changes were necessary to implement the streamlined permitting process, except for lowering of the associated fee schedule. Streamlining is primarily achieved through identifying eligibility criteria and a simplified water availability analysis (WAA) targeting diversion of high flow events during winter. These criteria and analyses will ensure applications are unlikely to injure other legal users, adversely affect fishery resources, or other public trust resources. The following is a graphical representation of the main components of the streamlined permitting process.
An application that meets some but not all of these criteria is still likely to proceed more quickly than applications that do not meet any of these criteria. Applications that incorporate a substantial portion of the criteria may also be administratively prioritized for processing over those that incorporate few to none of the criteria, depending on staff availability.
The streamlined permit process for GSA Applicants is identical to the process described for standard permitting. The streamlined process does not change any existing law or policy. Some components of the existing process are streamlined because the project applied for will be designed in accordance with a pre-determined conditioning approach.
Groundwater recharge is the enhancement of water levels in groundwater aquifers, by natural or artificial means, with surface water or recycled water. Groundwater recharge is not a beneficial use of water on its own, but rather is one method of diverting and storing water that takes advantage of the natural storage capacity of groundwater aquifers. To obtain a water right to divert water to underground storage, you must identify the eventual beneficial use of the water just as with above-ground surface water storage projects.
Robust accounting methodologies for sub-basins or management areas under SGMA may be relied upon to demonstrate beneficial use. As parties pursue various extractive or in situ beneficial uses, the Division will provide the applications as examples to assist others.
Option 1: Relies on a predetermined threshold to show the presence/ absence of high flow conditions and protects critical ecosystem functions associated with high flows by applying a conservative cap on the amount of water that can be diverted rather than analyses that often require highly site-specific information and a detailed technical investigation. The predetermined threshold explicitly assumes that flows above the 90th percentile daily flow, between December 1 and March 31, are protective of aquatic ecosystem functionality if the total amount of water diverted is capped at 20 percent of the daily flow. A telemetered gage located near the POD will be the means for demonstrating high flows are present and how much may be diverted without exceeding the 20 percent limit. Staff have developed a WAA for Streamlined Recharge Permitting guidance document describing how to implement this methodology and what technical resources are available.
Option 2: Relies on the presence or imminent threat of flood conditions to demonstrate water availability. An applicant may demonstrate water availability be proposing to divert when flows exceed thresholds that trigger flood control actions necessary to avoid threats to human health and safety, according to established written flood management protocols adopted by a flood control agency.
The Guidance Document is provided to assist in the simplified water availability analysis. Early outreach and consultation with Division staff is critical for WAA development as prospective applicants will likely be completing the WAA to support the pre-requisite CEQA document prior to filing an application. Prospective applicants are encouraged to discuss their projects with Division staff in advance and provide a draft copy of the WAA for review and comment.
Right holders will need to demonstrate beneficial use is occurring in order to develop and preserve their water rights. The Division has released a fact sheet describing options for beneficial uses that include both extractive uses (e.g., for irrigation) and in situ uses (e.g., for stopping seawater intrusion). These uses, as well as how much water has been diverted and how much water remains stored underground must be provided in annual reports required by existing law.
Several options are available for accounting for the storage and use of water under the streamlined permitting process. The most appropriate method will likely depend on the type of applicant, the beneficial uses proposed, and whether an existing method of accounting for groundwater stored in the basin is already established by a groundwater sustainability plan, court decree, or other basis for groundwater management.
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