Re: English For Doctors Gyorffy Pdf Free
Sandrine Willert
Background: Female doctors in Hungary have worse indicators of physical and mental health compared with other professional women. We aimed to cast light on possible indicators of mental health, workload, and burnout of female physicians.
Methods: Two time-points (T) were compared, in 2003 (T1 n = 408) and 2013 (T2 n = 2414), based on two nationally representative surveys of female doctors, and comparison made with data from other professional control groups. Independent samples t test or chi-squared test was used both for the two time-point comparison and the comparison between the index and the control groups. The background factors of sleep disorders and burnout were assessed by binary logistic regression analysis.
Conclusions: In comparison with the other professional groups, female doctors had worse mental health indicators with regard to depression, suicidal ideas, and sleep disorders both in 2003 and 2013 while within professional strata the changes seemed to be less. Increasing workload had a clear impact on sleep disorders and the personal accomplishment dimension of burnout.
Antoine Lamblin; Clément Derkenne; Marion Trousselard; Marie-Ange Einaudi - UMR 7268Ethical challenges faced by French military doctors deployed in the Sahel (Operation Barkhane): a qualitative study.
AI also means a paradigm shift in the doctor-patient relationship. As digital health transforms the well-known doctor-patient hierarchy into an equal level partnership, what happens with the autonomy that has been the essence of care [12]? Who is responsible if an AI-assisted medical decision causes harm to a patient? Most doctors use online tools to help with research. Is there really a difference when it comes to using AI? Should AI be handled as another tool, such as a stethoscope or as an individual entity?
On the level of society, will it help shift focus from treatment to prevention? Will AI increase the cost of care? Will doctors and medical professionals be more efficient, because AI handles some of the time-consuming tasks? Will doctors provide better care in underdeveloped regions with the use of AI? And generally, how will it (if at all) change the current structures of insurance policies?
There is a circulatory causality between burnout and the development of reproductive disorders. Burnout is an important risk factor for high-risk pregnancies and miscarriages, and it has a negative effect on the outcome of pregnancies. At the same time, women suffering from reproductive disorders are more likely to develop burnout syndrome. Improvement of working conditions and prevention of burnout in female doctors are equally important tasks.
Reproductive health of Hungarian female physicians has also been investigated since the new millennium. In the first qualitative study in 2002, a notable proportion of female doctors reported health problems that occurred during pregnancy and during the period between two pregnancies, compared with female pharmacists [13]. Another study, performed between 2003 and 2004, involved a representative sample of 408 female doctors and another sample of professional women, controlled for age and place of residency. In the comparison regarding reproductive health it was found that terminations of pregnancy, miscarriages and high-risk pregnancies were more frequent among physicians [14]. These findings were further supported by the results of another survey of female psychiatrists, who reported more terminations of pregnancy and miscarriages compared with the group of professional controls [15].
Work stress is a remarkable risk factor that may affect pregnancy outcome [16, 17]. There is a trend that female doctors carry on working during pregnancy, even though their profession puts a significant physical and emotional burden on them.
If we compare these data with the reproductive morbidity results of Hungarostudy 2013, there were fewer pregnancies in the general population, but the average number of children who were finally born was exactly the same (2.5). A higher prevalence of reproductive disorders among female doctors was shown by the higher rate of high-risk pregnancies, time-to-pregnancy longer than one year, infertility treatment and miscarriage among physicians. Prevalence of terminations of pregnancy was practically the same in the two groups of women. Comparing data of reproductive morbidity of physicians with the professional control group of Hungarostudy 2013, the same trends can be found, with the exception of miscarriages (Table 6).
We found that compared with the general female population, a larger proportion of female medical doctors were characterised by time-to-pregnancy intervals longer than one year, and more of them had undergone infertility treatment or miscarriage(s). On the other hand, the same prevalence of terminations of pregnancy was found in both groups. Comparing data of reproductive morbidity of physicians and the professional control group of Hungarostudy 2013, the same trends can be found, with the exception of miscarriages.
According to our original hypothesis, reproductive disorders and burnout, which is a crucial symptom of work stress, correlate with each other. Therefore, the first step of our study was to examine burnout among female physicians. Moderate and severe emotional burnout was found in cases of more than half of our respondents (51.4%). More than one-third (37.7%) of the participants reached moderate to high scores on the depersonalisation scale. Moderate or low levels of personal accomplishment were found in 66.3% of the cases. When examining socio-demographic characteristics of burnout, we found that high scores reached on all three subscales of burnout were significantly more frequent in cases of the youngest group of female medical doctors (24 to 35 years), in cases of childless women and among those who worked in in-patient care.
One of the most important questions of our study pertains to the mechanisms in the background of the interaction between reproductive disorders and burnout. It is possible that burnout acts as a mediator in the development of reproductive disorders: we assume that in the background of burnout, the potential stress factors of the female medical profession can be found, such as emotional burden, urge to perform, and being pushed for time [56, 57]. It must be emphasised that it is not easy to differentiate between cause and effect in cases of burnout and its correlates. It is possible that there is a circulatory causality between burnout and the development of reproductive disorders. Burnout is an important risk factor of high-risk pregnancies and miscarriages, and it has a negative effect on the outcome of pregnancies. At the same time, reproductive disorders are more likely to cause burnout. This latter assumption was supported by the finding that there were more childless women who suffered from burnout in our survey. The balance between work and family plays a crucial role in the physical and mental health of female doctors, according to the international literature [58, 59]. These publications emphasise that reaching equilibrium is only possible when resources from different fields of life are mutually converted. According to our results, it is possible that healthy pregnancies and babies who are born play a substantial role in preserving the health of female physicians. Based on our survey, it seems likely that burnout is not a cause but rather a consequence of reproductive morbidity. Female doctors who face difficulties in the field of reproduction are potentially less successful in coping with burnout.
Compared with the general female population, a larger proportion of female medical doctors was characterised by a time-to-pregnancy interval longer than one year, and more had undergone infertility treatment or miscarriage(s). It was found that high-risk pregnancies and miscarriages were in correlation with both depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that, beside traditional risk factors, depersonalisation acted as an important explanatory factor in cases of high-risk pregnancies. Improvement of working conditions and the prevention of burnout are equally important tasks.
Lubosz gained a MSc in Biotechnology at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. After graduation Lubosz worked in in the manufacturing department and hospital services of Blood Donation Centre in Olsztyn, where he was liaising with hospitals and doctors, as well as taking part in production of special ordered blood components. Lubosz joined CDL team in 2019 and currently ongoing training necessary to support work of scientists in upcoming component development projects..
Lubosz.Le...@nhsbt.nhs.uk
Tel: 01223 588146
The questionnaire concerned physical and mental health, health behaviour, stress load and coping strategies among Hungarian medical students, and their career motivations. The design of the questionnaire largely drew on our previous research among doctors [34, 35].
Some say that telemedicine is on track to become the new norm. Patients and doctors are going to interact virtually more frequently. Messaging or video-chatting makes everything easier for both parties; patients get answers without putting themselves or others at risk by visiting crowded public spaces, and it also saves time for the medical professionals.
With the advancement of AI, chatbot functionality will be improved to cover more areas in healthcare for both patients and doctors. The right AI will enable chatbots to help patients manage chronic illness, double-check on diagnosis, and provide more personalized and personal responses.
This research project investigated user preferences for mHealth apps. We sought to facilitate the acceptability of such technology in health care provision, which would lead to more frequent and productive use of these apps. In general, when a human touch was present in the analysis, that is, when the respondents thought a physician would analyze the data collected by the mHealth app, ratings of both instrumentality and aesthetics were higher than the scenario in which they thought AI would analyze their data. These overall higher ratings can be explained by trust. Previous studies reported that people do not trust AI-based technology in health care as much as they do their doctors (eg, [15,42]). A human physician increases the sense of connectedness to a knowledgeable, caring health care professional [41].
aa06259810