Fwd: CHE diabetes/obesity: New science

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Sarah Howard

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Jul 30, 2019, 2:50:41 PM7/30/19
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Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Air Pollution

Diet and the Gut

Type 1 Diabetes


Reviews

Effect of social factors and the natural environment on the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Reviews the impact of the natural environment and social factors on diabetes development, with a focus on six factors: pollution, radiation, psychology, drink, sleep, and exercise, as well as inflammation. Dong et al. Int J Endocrinol.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Urinary bisphenols and obesity prevalence among US children and adolescents

A study using NHANES data found that levels of BPS and BPF (but not BPA) were associated with obesity and other body mass outcomes in youth age 6-19. Jacobson et al. J Endo Soc. 

Biochemical investigation of association of arsenic exposure with risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population and its validation in animal model

Both humans and animals exposed to arsenic through drinking water developed disrupted pancreatic β-cell functioning that led to the development of diabetes. Rehman et al. Environ Monit Assess.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Developmental programming: sex-specific programming of growth upon prenatal bisphenol A exposure

Prenatal BPA exposure caused sex-specific changes in fetal organ differentiation and in fetal and post-natal growth in sheep. Males grew slower during the early postnatal period and caught up later, while females had the opposite growth trend. Vyas et al. J Appl Toxicol.

Long-term exposure to bisphenol A or S promotes glucose intolerance and changes hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in male Wistar rats

While only the exposure to BPS induced a significant body mass gain after 21 weeks, both compounds altered serum lipid levels and led to the development of glucose intolerance. Azevedo et al. Food Chem Toxicol.

Developmental exposure to a mixture of unconventional oil and gas chemicals increased risk-taking behavior, activity and energy expenditure in aged female mice after a metabolic challenge

Developmental exposure to a mixture of 23 chemicals used in fracking, in combination with a short 3-day exposure to a high-fat, high-sugar diet, led to increased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels, as well as other changes in mice. Balise et al. Front. Endocrinol.

Arsenite and its trivalent methylated metabolites inhibit glucose-stimulated calcium influx and insulin secretion in murine pancreatic islets

Arsenite and its metabolites inhibit glucose-stimulated Ca2+ influx in pancreatic islets, an essential mechanism that regulates the release of insulin from β cells in response to glucose. The mechanisms underlying inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by arsenite may differ from those of its metabolites. Huang et al. Arch Toxicol.

Metformin in contrast to berberine reversed arsenic-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria from rat pancreas probably via Sirt3-dependent pathway

Looks at the mechanisms of arsenic-induced diabetes. Javadipour et al. J Biochem Mol Toxicol.

Cadmium exposure induces pancreatic β-cell death via a Ca2+-triggered JNK/CHOP-related apoptotic signaling pathway

Cadmium inhibits insulin secretion and caused beta cell death. Huang et al. Toxicology.

Air Pollution

Diesel exhaust induces mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis

Diesel exhaust exposure leads to dyslipidemia and liver steatosis in ApoE knockout mice, likely because of mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased lipid catabolism. Yin et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.

Diet and the Gut

Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the maternal diet causes host-microbe defects in weanling offspring mice

Developmental exposure to PCBs caused significant gut barrier defects including increased tight junction permeability, intestinal inflammation, and affected gut microbiota of juvenile mice. Rude et al. Environ. Pollut.

Type 1 Diabetes

Maternal metabolic syndrome and selenium: Endocrine energy balance during early programming

Metabolic syndrome depletes selenium levels in mother rats, and their offspring develop a type 1 diabetes-like syndrome. Luisa et al. Life Sci.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Sarah Howard

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Aug 7, 2019, 1:53:49 PM8/7/19
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Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Multiple metal concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus in Taiyuan, China

High metal levels are associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, and this increased risk is mainly driven by mercury and, to a lesser extent, by nickel, lead, and arsenic. Wang et al. Chemosphere.

Serial cross-sectional study for the association between urinary bisphenol A and paediatric obesity: Recent updates using NHANES 2003-2014

Children with higher urinary BPA concentrations had elevated odds of obesity during 2003 to 2008, whereas these associations were inconsistent during 2009 to 2014. Okubo et al. Pediatr. Obes.

Occupational exposure to heavy metals, alcohol intake, and risk of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among Chinese male workers

Both exposures to heavy metals and high alcohol intake were associated with the risk of diabetes, with a strong interaction between the two exposures. Yang et al. Chronic Dis Transl Med.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Concentration-dependent effects of 17β-estradiol and bisphenol A on lipid deposition, inflammation and antioxidant response in male zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The toxic effects of BPA on zebrafish are dose-dependent in that low doses induced fat deposition while high doses caused adverse effects on inflammation and antioxidant response. Sun et al. Chemosphere.

Effects of chronic glyphosate exposure to pregnant mice on hepatic lipid metabolism in offspring

Chronic prenatal exposure to glyphosate caused lipid metabolism disruption in the mouse offspring. Ren et al. Environ. Pollut.

Air Pollution

Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood growth trajectories from age 5-14 years

Prenatal exposures to airborne PAH were associated with higher childhood BMI at a young age, but growth trajectories converged by age 11 years. Rundle et al. Environ. Res.

[Prospective cohort study on association between peri-conceptional air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus]

PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and CO exposure during pre-pregnancy and SO2 exposure in first trimester were positively correlated with the risk of gestational diabetes [article in Chinese]. Yao et al. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi.

Lack of association between particulate air pollution and blood glucose levels and diabetic status in peri-urban India

Air pollution levels at individual residences were not associated with diabetes, pre-diabetes, or glucose levels in India, but some personal exposures were even associated with lower glucose levels. Curto et al. Environ. Int.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Sarah Howard

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Aug 13, 2019, 10:55:18 AM8/13/19
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Note the study on heavy metals and type 1 diabetes...

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Type 1 Diabetes


Reviews

The role of environmental disruptor chemicals in the development of non communicable disease

Reviews in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological evidence linking EDC exposure with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Concludes that preventing exposure to EDCs and reducing their production should be underscored in strategies for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Zarean and Poursafa, Adv Exp Med Biol.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Association between perfluoroalkyl substance concentrations and blood pressure in adolescents

Using U.S. NHANES data, found that higher PFOS levels in boys were associated with higher diastolic blood pressure. Ma et al. Environ. Pollut.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Chlorpyrifos exposure induces lipid metabolism disorder at the physiological and transcriptomic levels in larval zebrafish

Chlorpyrifos exposure induced lipid metabolism disorders associated with cardiovascular toxicity in larval zebrafish. Wang et al. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai).

Arsenic impairs GLUT1 trafficking through the inhibition of the calpain system in lymphocytes

Identifies a mechanism through which arsenic interferes with glucose uptake. Pablo et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.

Air Pollution

Associations of combined exposures to surrounding green, air pollution, and road traffic noise with cardiometabolic diseases

Surrounding green was inversely associated with diabetes, while air pollutants and road traffic noise were positively associated with diabetes. In two-exposure analyses, associations with green and air pollution were attenuated. The association between traffic noise and diabetes was reduced to unity when adjusted for surrounding green or air pollution. Thus, studies including only one of the correlated exposures of surrounding green, air pollution, and road traffic noise may overestimate the association of diabetes and hypertension attributed to the studied exposure (Netherlands). Klompmaker et al. EHP.

Environmental Chemicals and the Gut

Hexachlorocyclohexane exposure alters the microbiome of colostrum in Chinese breastfeeding mothers

Found high colostrum exposure levels of HCHs, and microbial diversity that differed between samples with different HCH levels. These associations might be attributable to their HCH degrading ability. Tang et al. Environ. Pollut.

Bisphenol A increases intestinal permeability through disrupting intestinal barrier function in mice

In mice, dietary BPA increased intestinal permeability and affected gut microbiota. Feng et al. Environ. Pollut. [both of these effects are linked to type 1 diabetes development]

In vitro and in vivo effects of a mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, and a trace metal, cadmium, alone or in a mixture on the intestinal barrier

Both cadmium and the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, common food contaminants, disrupt the intestinal barrier in rats. Combined exposure was similar to the effects of each individual contaminant. Luo et al. Environ. Int.

Age- and diet-specific effects of chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos on hormones, inflammation and gut microbiota in rats

Rats exposed to chlorpyrifos after weaning or during adulthood developed changes in gut microbiota. Li et al. Pestic Biochem Physiol.

Type 1 Diabetes

Prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes in children

Provides an update about the ability to predict the onset of the disease and to describe perspectives on the possibility of preventing the disease in children with different risk factors. Chiarelli et al. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol.

Toxic metals in cord blood and later development of type 1 diabetes

A small Scandinavian study found that children who later developed type 1 diabetes had more often increased concentrations of aluminium in cord blood than the non-diabetic controls, and also more often mercury and arsenic (Hg and As non-significant). Ludvigsson et al. Pediatr Dimens.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Sarah Howard

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Aug 20, 2019, 11:50:20 AM8/20/19
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Application of metabolomics to characterize environmental pollutant toxicity and disease risks

This mini review discusses potential biological mechanisms that link pollutant exposure to metabolic disturbances and chronic human diseases, with a focus on recent studies that demonstrate the application of metabolomics as a tool to elucidate biochemical modes of actions of various environmental pollutants. Deng et al. Rev Environ Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Association of self-reported personal care product use with blood glucose levels measured during pregnancy among women from a fertility clinic

The use of several personal care products was positively or negatively associated with glucose levels in the late second trimester, which may reflect increased risk of gestational diabetes. Bellavia et al. Sci Total Environ.

Type 1 Diabetes

Inflammation and acute traffic-related air pollution exposures among a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes

Indicators of inflammation were associated with estimated traffic-related air pollutant exposures in this study population of youth with type 1 diabetes. Thus youth with type 1 diabetes may be at increased risk of air pollution-related inflammation, a precursor to cardiovascular disease (U.S.). Puett et al. Environ. Int.

Association of cereal, gluten, and dietary fiber intake with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes

The Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study, a prospective birth cohort of children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, found that those who had a high intake of oats, gluten-containing cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber during childhood (up to age 6) had an increased risk of islet autoimmunity. Diet was recorded prospectively from 3-day food records. Hakola et al. JAMA Pediatr.

Environmental (lifestyle) risk factors for LADA

This review links the development of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) to factors promoting insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, such as overweight, physical inactivity, smoking, low birth weight, sweetened beverage intake and moderate alcohol consumption (protective). Findings also indicate potential effects on autoimmunity exerted by intake of coffee (harmful) and fatty fish (protective). This supports the concept of LADA as being a hybrid form of diabetes with an etiology including factors associated with both insulin resistance and autoimmunity, although the number of studies is small and exclusively based on Scandinavian populations. Carlsson, Curr Diabetes Rev.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Sarah Howard

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Aug 27, 2019, 9:49:34 AM8/27/19
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Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies


Reviews

Role of obesogens in the pathogenesis of obesity

Open access review of in vitro, animal, and human studies on chemical obesogens. Identifies the main groups and classes of obesogens, the molecular mechanisms of their action, their deleterious effect on adipose tissue function and control of appetite, and possible directions in limiting their influence on human metabolism. Shahnazaryan et al. Medicina. [This is the first article in a special issue on endocrine disruptors; they are accepting submissions until July 31, 2020].

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Urinary bisphenol a and incidence of metabolic syndrome among Chinese men: a prospective cohort study from 2013 to 2017

Found an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in those with higher BPA levels, but mainly in smokers. Wu et al. Occup Environ Med.

Association between urine lead levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors, carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic syndrome in adolescents and young adults

Found a significant positive association between urine lead levels and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, serum glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance, β-cell function, body mass index, and carotid artery intima-media thickness. Overall, increased urine lead concentrations were positively correlated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, specifically the criteria of waist/BMI and serum HDL cholesterol (Taiwan). Lin et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Genotoxicity and glucose tolerance induction by acetyltriethylcitrate, substitute plasticizer compared to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Acetyltriethyl citrate (ATEC), a DEHP substitute, is used as a plasticizer in cosmetics and nail products. Mice exposed to DEHP or ATEC for 5 days had increased blood glucose levels, and a week after the exposure was removed, glucose levels returned to normal in DEHP-treated mice, but remained high in ATEC-treated mice. Lee et al. Sci Rep.

A human relevant defined mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) affects in vitro secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but does not affect translocation of its receptor

Individual classes of POPs, alone or in combination, can affect GLP-1 secretion and might contribute as a molecular mechanism, linking environmental toxicants and diabetes. Shannon et al. Toxicol Sci.

Maternal polystyrene microplastic exposure during gestation and lactation altered metabolic homeostasis in the dams and their F1 and F2 offspring

In mice, microplastics caused metabolic disorders in the mothers, along with gut microbiota dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction, as well as long-term metabolic consequences in the F1 and F2 generations. Luo et al. Environ Sci Technol.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Sarah Howard

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Sep 3, 2019, 1:18:57 PM9/3/19
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Type 1 Diabetes


Reviews

Environmental neglect: endocrine disruptors as underappreciated but potentially modifiable diabetes risk factors.

Read this article! Free full text here.
From the abstract: "EDCs implicated in diabetes pathogenesis include various inorganic and organic molecules of both natural and synthetic origin, including arsenic, bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. Indeed, evidence implicates EDC exposures across the lifespan in metabolic dysfunction; moreover, specific developmental windows exhibit enhanced sensitivity to EDC-induced metabolic disruption, with potential impacts across generations. Importantly, differential exposures to diabetogenic EDCs likely also contribute to racial/ethnic and economic disparities. Despite these emerging links, clinical practice guidelines fail to address this underappreciated diabetes risk factor." Sargis and Simmons, Diabetologia.

This article is part of a free full text special issue of Diabetologia, A Life Course Perspective on Diabetes: Developmental Origins and Beyond. Additional articles in this issue include: 

Chemical effect of bisphenol a on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Both in vitro and animal studies suggested a multifactorial involvement of BPA in the onset of NAFLD as well as in its progression. Dallio et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.

Developmental origins of type 2 diabetes: focus on epigenetics

Reviews research on the role of developmental epigenetic variation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. There is substantial evidence that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), exposure to xenobiotics, and more, may impair fetal development, thereby leading to adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Vaiserman and Lushchak, Ageing Res Rev.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Associations of peri-pubertal serum dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls with growth and body composition among Russian boys in a longitudinal cohort

Higher levels of dioxins and PCBs around puberty were associated with a lower BMI over 11 years of follow-up. Higher non-dioxin-like PCBs were associated with lower height. Burns et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health.

Associations between mercury exposure and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in US adolescents

Found a positive association between mercury exposure and the risk of NAFLD in U.S. adolescents, especially among non-Hispanic whites, and among those of normal or under weight. Chen et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Effect-based environmental monitoring for thyroid disruption in Swedish amphibian tadpoles

Found unexplained higher body weight in wild Swedish tadpoles, similar to what is found with thyroid disrupting chemicals. Carlsson, Environ Monit Assess.

Metal-induced nephrotoxicity to diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats

Co-exposure of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, As) induced more kidney toxicity as compared to each metal alone. Rats with diabetes were more prone to kidney damage from metals compared to rats without diabetes. Riaz et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.

Developmental exposure to a human relevant mixture of endocrine disruptors alters metabolism and adipogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

A mixture of phthalates, triclosan, and perfluorinated compounds (designed within the EDC-MixRisk project based on serum levels of the compounds in pregnant Swedish women) affected metabolic rate, adipogenesis and lipid storage in young zebrafish fed a calorie-rich diet. Mentor et al. Chemosphere.

Multi-generational obesogenic effects of sulfomethoxazole on Caenorhabditis elegans through epigenetic regulation

The pharmaceutical antibotic sulfomethoxazole is obesogenic in roundworms. Li et al. J Hazard Mater.

Bisphenol A exposure induces cholesterol synthesis and hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice by down-regulating the DNA methylation levels of SREBP-2

Low-dose BPA exposure induces cholesterol synthesis in the liver, which causes cholesterol accumulation and further induces liver lipid synthesis and hepatic steatosis. Li et al. Food Chem Toxicol.

Exposure to chlorpyrifos at different ages triggers APOE genotype-specific responses in social behavior, body weight and hypothalamic gene expression

Adult exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos increased food intake in mice with APOE3 and 4 genes, but only mice with the APOE4 gene had increased body weight. Basaure et al. Environ. Res.

Estrogen withdrawal and replacement differentially target liver and adipose tissues in female mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet: impact of a chronic exposure to a low-dose pollutant mixture

Postmenopausal women may be at particular risk when exposed to endocrine disruptors. Ovariectomized mice were exposed to a low-dose mixture of one dioxin, one PCB, one phthalate, and BPA, and some to estrogen replacement, with interesting results too complex to summarize here. Julien et al. J Nutr Biochem.

Air Pollution

Ambient air pollution and lipid profile: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Despite the few studies included in the meta-analysis, this study found some epidemiologic evidence supporting the association between PM10 and NO2 exposures and increased triglyceride levels. Giao et al. Environ Pollut.

Type 1 Diabetes

Early-life factors contributing to type 1 diabetes

In case you missed it under "reviews" above. The evidence "corroborates the hypothesis that environmental exposures in early life contribute to type 1 diabetes risk, whether related to maternal influences on the fetus during pregnancy, neonatal factors or later effects during infancy and early childhood. Studies to date show a range of environmental triggers acting at different time points, suggesting a multifactorial model of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, which integrally involves a dialogue between the immune system and pancreatic beta cells." Craig et al. Diabetologia.

Serum copper profile in patients with type 1 diabetes in comparison to other metals

Total copper and ceruloplasmin levels were higher in people with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy controls; elevated copper was the strongest factor associated with type 1, resulting in a 15-fold increased odds of having the disease per standard deviation increase. Squitti et al. J Trace Elem Med Biol.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Sarah Howard

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Sep 10, 2019, 12:22:49 PM9/10/19
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Organophosphorus pesticides can influence the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes with concomitant metabolic changes

Reviews epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo evidence on the influence of organophosphorous pesticides on obesity and type 2 diabetes development, including the influence of maternal exposure on offspring. Czajka et al. Environ. Res.

Chlorpyrifos induces metabolic disruption by altering levels of reproductive hormones

Reviews studies showing that chlorpyrifos causes metabolic disruption, and discusses a potential mechanism. Li et al. J Agric Food Chem.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

A cluster-randomized crossover trial of organic diet impact on biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress/inflammation in primary school children

A 40 day organic diet intervention reduced children's exposure to pesticides and lowered biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. The organic diet was also linked to a lower BMI, although since caloric intake was also lower during the organic diet, this association may not be causal (Cyprus). Makris et al. PLoS One.

Early-life environmental exposures and blood pressure in children

Found that early-life exposure to several chemicals, as well as built environment and meteorological factors, may affect blood pressure in children (Europe). Warembourg et al. J Am Coll Cardiol.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) promoted lipid accumulation via JAK2/STAT5 and aggravated oxidative stress in BRL-3A cells

Investigates a mechanism by which MEHP could promote non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Zhang et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.

Air Pollution

Investigating potential associations between O3 exposure and lipid profiles: A longitudinal study of older adults in Beijing

Found that both short-term and medium-term O3 exposure is associated with lipid profiles abnormalities in older adults. Li et al. Environ Int.

Ambient air pollution exposure and obesity-related traits in Korean adults

Found that annual exposure to ambient air pollution was not associated with any obesity-related traits in Korean adults. Hwang et al. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes.

Type 1 Diabetes

Caesarean section and risk of type 1 diabetes: whole-of-population study

There may be a small increased type 1 diabetes risk following caesarean, but confidence intervals included the null. The lower risk estimate for pre-labor compared with intrapartum caesarean suggest that neonatal vaginal microbiota might not be a mechanism involved (Australia). Begum et al. Diabet. Med.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for moreon environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org