BPAF, a BPA alternative chemical, activates inflammatory signaling pathways that degrade metabolic activity in human adipocytes. Chernis et al. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol.
Perinatal exposure to BPA impaired glucose homeostasis, induced obesity and increased food intake in adult male rats, altering hypothalamic signals, partially mimicking or producing an exacerbation of the effects of a high-fat diet. Stoker et al. Mol Cell Endocrinol.
Arsenite exposure significantly affected processes necessary for homeostasis of murine brown adipose tissue, possible mechanisms underlying arsenite exposure in metabolic disorders. Bae et al. Sci Rep.
The PFOS replacement chemical F-53B has the highest bioconcentration potential and the strongest metabolism-disrupting effects, followed by PFOS and another replacement chemical, OBS. Tu et al. Environ Sci Technol.
DEHP disturbs endocrine and metabolic functions and increases insulin resistance in adolescent mice, leading to the development of diabetes in mice without diabetes. Adolescent mice with diabetes were more sensitive to DEHP-induced endocrine and metabolic toxicity than healthy adolescent mice. Ding et al. Arch Toxicol.
Air Pollution
"In addition to genetic differences, the current evidence supports the roles of preexisting cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, diet, adverse prenatal environments, neurobehavioral disorders, childhood infections, microbiome, sex, and psychosocial stressors in modifying the susceptibility to air pollutant exposures... Variations in susceptibility to air pollution health effects are likely to underlie host genetic and physiological conditions in concert with disrupted neuroendocrine circuitry that alters physiological stability under the influence of stressors." Kodavanti, Toxicol Pathol.
Gestational diabetes onset early in pregnancy may increase children's susceptibility to prenatal O3-associated autism spectrum disorder risk (S. California). Jo et al. Environ Int.
Diet and the Gut
Prenatal alcohol exposure did not affect fasting blood glucose levels in offspring at any age, nor blood glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in 6-month old offspring. However, there was evidence of insulin resistance in exposed male offspring at 6 months of age, with significantly elevated fasting plasma insulin, and a tendency for increased first phase insulin secretion during the GTT and impaired glucose clearance following an insulin challenge. Nguyen et al. J Physiol.
Type 1 Diabetes
This is a letter to the editor, but includes data from community health studies of Latinos. It finds that the overall prevalence of type 1 diabetes in this study was 1.8/1000 persons, which is similar to the estimates obtained through NHANES (2.6/1000) and the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (1.5/1000), with prevalence varying by specific Hispanic/Latino background. Kinney et al. Epidemiology. [Note that each of these studies uses different definitions of type 1 diabetes, based on criteria such as age of onset or insulin use, and are not necessarily based on a doctor's diagnosis, autoimmune antibody testing, c-peptide testing, or other more accurate measures of type 1 diabetes diagnosis. We really need better diagnosis and tracking of type 1 diabetes in the U.S.!]
Data from the Children's Hospital of Alabama show that the crude type 1 diabetes incidence rate was estimated at 16.7 per 100,000 children <19 years of age in Alabama. Between 2000 and 2007, there was an increase in age-adjusted incidence of type 1 diabetes with an annual percent change of 10% from 2000-2007 and a 1.7% decrease from 2007-2017. The age-adjusted incidence for Whites and Blacks increased with an average annual percentage change of 4.4% and 2.8%, respectively. A nearly 11% increasing trend in age-adjusted incidence was observed for both races, though the increase plateaued in 2006 for Whites and 2010 for Blacks. Correya et al. Pediatr Diabetes.
Free full text review. The relatively common co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease suggests they share common causes. Environmental factors are involved in the development of both diseases because identical twins are only partially concordant, and incidence rates of both diseases have been rising for decades. Prospective studies in infants genetically predisposed show that antibody positivity to both diseases can begin in the first years of life. Goodwin, Horm Res Paediatr. |
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