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[Sarah Howard]

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates   Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Type 1 Diabetes Events Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Non-monotonic dose-response effects of arsenic on glucose metabolism Found that a low-dose exposure caused glucose intolerance in adult male mice, by disrupting glucose-induced insulin secretion and without affecting insulin sensitivity. However, a higher-dose exposure had fewer effects on glucose tolerance despite disrupted insulin secretion. The higher arsenic dose actually enhanced systemic insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that arsenic has opposite glycemic effects at different doses. Gong et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Perigestational low-dose BDE-47 exposure alters maternal serum metabolome and results in sex-specific weight gain in adult offspring Perigestational BDE-47 exposure caused increased adult body weight in male but not in female offspring and rat dams. Gao et al. Chemosphere. Mechanistic assessment of cadmium toxicity in association with the functions of estrogen receptors in the Langerhans islets Cadmium reduced viability of the islets, and β-estradiol was able to alleviate these disturbances to some extent. Mohammadi et al. Iran J Basic Med Sci. Air Pollution and Noise Association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: a national retrospective cohort study Long-term exposure to PM2.5 increased the risk of incidence of T2D by 11%. Li et al. Epidemiology. Type 1 Diabetes The influence of type 2 diabetes-associated factors on type 1 diabetes This Perspectives in Care article highlights the role of type 2 diabetes-associated genetic factors (e.g., gene variants, obesity (via insulin resistance, inflammation, β-cell stress, or all three) in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and how the influence of these factors increases with age at diagnosis. Redondo et al. Diabetes Care. This is really important! An anti-CD3 antibody, Teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes After many, many tries, finally something has been found to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes development in humans! Herold et al. NEJM. Also see the accompanying editorial: Traveling down the Long Road to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention. Events American Diabetes Association's Scientific Sessions The ADA's 79th Scientific Sessions in San Francisco comes to a close today. For highlights, see the daily update summaries from Diatribe, ADA Meeting News,  or #ADA2019 on twitter. There was one symposium on "The Environment and Diabetes," which featured talks on climate change and diabetes, air pollution and diabetes, heat and diabetes, and humanitarian crises and diabetes. I only found one abstract on any environmental chemicals or related topics (searchable abstracts and eposters are here): Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentrations and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults. To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org Copyright © 2019 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

[Sarah Howard]

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Type 1 Diabetes

Reviews Phthalate exposure and metabolic effects: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence For DEHP exposure, there was consistency among studies of insulin resistance and coherence with the single included study of diabetes, as well as an observed exposure-response gradient observed in a study of insulin resistance. This evidence is considered moderate. Similarly, for DBP and DIBP exposure, the evidence is considered moderate due to strong positive associations in the diabetes study and coherent results for insulin resistance. For DINP, BBP, and DEP, the evidence is considered slight. Radke et al. Environ. Int. The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out Developed three distinct categories to describe the different levels of essentiality of individual uses, and applied these concepts to PFASs. The concept of essential use can also be applied in the management of other chemicals, or groups of chemicals, of concern. Cousins et al. Environ Sci Process Impacts. Also see the related article in Science Daily, Cutting potentially harmful chemicals like PFAS from consumer goods. A scoping review of the health and toxicological activity of bisphenol a (BPA) structural analogues and functional alternatives Numerous new endpoints were evaluated, including diabetes and obesity. Pelch et al. Toxicology. Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Physico-chemical properties and gestational diabetes predict transplacental transfer and partitioning of perfluoroalkyl substances Moderate to high correlations were observed between maternal and cord serum PFAS concentrations, indicating significant transfer of these compounds from the mother to the fetus. Importantly, gestational diabetes was also a strong predictor of transplacental transfer, with significantly higher transfer in mothers with gestational diabetes. Eryasa et al. Environ. Int. [I have not seen any other studies on this topic before]. Metabolic outcomes in southern Italian preadolescents residing near an industrial complex: the role of residential location and socioeconomic status Living closer to an industrial complex was associated with higher BMI-adjusted fasting blood glucose levels, particularly in girls. Bansal et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Polychlorinated biphenyl serum levels, thyroid hormones and endocrine and metabolic diseases in people living in a highly polluted area in North Italy: A population-based study Found no association between PCB levels and diabetes, blood glucose levels, or metabolic diseases. Zani et al. Heliyon.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Sperm epimutation biomarkers of obesity and pathologies following DDT induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease Gestating F0 generational female rats were transiently exposed to DDT during fetal gonadal sex determination, leading to numerous health effects in subsequent generation, including obesity in the F3 generation. The epigenetic DNA methylation region (DMR) signatures identified for these pathologies provide potential biomarkers for transgenerationally inherited disease susceptibility. King et al. Environ Epigenet. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards pancreatic lineage and pancreatic beta cell function Found that early embryonic exposure to low levels of TCDD might alter the development of the pancreas and beta cell function. Kubi et al. Environ. Int. Preconceptional, gestational, and lactational exposure to an unconventional oil and gas chemical mixture alters energy expenditure in adult female mice Developmental exposure to a mixture of 23 unconventional oil and gas chemicals altered energy expenditure and spontaneous activity in adult female mice, but had no effects on glucose tolerance or body weight/composition. Balise et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Effects of methylmercury and theaflavin digallate on adipokines in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes Methylmercury induces reactive oxygen species leading to development of an inflammatory response in adipocytes. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate reduced these impacts. Chauhan et al. Int J Mol Sci. Inflammatory effects of subacute exposure of roundup in rat liver and adipose tissue Roundup caused inflammation in liver and adipose tissue, suggesting progression of fatty liver disease in adult male rats. Pandey et al. Dose Response. Combined effects of arsenic exposure and diabetes on male reproductive functions Arsenate exposure enhances several damages to male reproductive functions in rats with diabetes. Souza et al. Andrology. Pectin reduces environmental pollutant-induced obesity in mice through regulating gut microbiota: A case study of p,p'-DDE Pectin supplementation reversed body and fat weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in DDE-exposed mice, and altered the DDE-induced microbial composition. Zhan et al. Environ. Int. Air Pollution Gut microbiota partially mediates the effects of fine particulate matter on type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based epidemiological study Long-term exposure to particulate matter may increase the risk of diabetes, and alterations in the gut microbiota partially explained these associations (China). Liu et al. Environ. Int. Type 1 Diabetes Loss of gut barrier integrity triggers activation of islet-reactive T cells and autoimmune diabetes This animal study shows that loss of gut barrier continuity can lead to activation of islet-specific T cells within the intestinal mucosa and to autoimmune diabetes. Sorini et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Lower incidence rate of type 1 diabetes after receipt of the rotavirus vaccine in the United States, 2001-2017 There was a 33% reduction in the risk of type 1 diabetes with completion of the rotavirus vaccine series compared to the unvaccinated. Completion of the pentavalent vaccine series was associated with 37% lower risk of type 1 diabetes. Partial vaccination (incompletion of the series) was not associated with type 1 incidence. Overall, there was a 3.4% decrease in incidence annually in children ages 0-4 in the United States from 2006-2017 which coincides with the vaccine introduction in 2006. Rogers et al. Sci Rep. [These findings are similar to another study from Australia].

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2019 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

[Sarah Howard]

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Diet and the Gut Type 1 Diabetes and the Immune System Reviews NLRP inflammasome as a key role player in the pathogenesis of environmental toxicants Reviews how exposure to environmental toxicants can result in organ damage and auto-immune diseases, mediated by inflammation, as well as protective agents like polyunsaturated fatty acids. Moloudizargari et al. Life Sci. Editorial: Nutritional and environmental modulation of the endocrine system: effects on metabolism and growth. This editorial is an introduction to the full Research Topic on this subject, which includes additional articles of interest. Carnevali and Capilla, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Early life exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances in relation to adipokine hormone levels at birth and during childhood Found significant associations between leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels and maternal and child 5-year serum PFAS concentrations, whereas associations for PFASs measured at ages 7-13 years were mostly null (Faroe Islands). Shelly et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Joint analysis of metabolite markers of fish intake and persistent organic pollutants in relation to type 2 diabetes risk in Swedish adults The results suggest that fatty fish intake may be beneficial for T2D prevention, after removing the counteractive effects of coexposure to POPs in Swedish adults. Shi et al. J Nutr. Metabolomics of childhood exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: a cross-sectional study Childhood serum PFAS concentrations were correlated with metabolic pathways related to energy production, e.g., lipids (Ohio, U.S.). Kingsley et al. Metabolomics.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Epigenetic effects of in utero bisphenol A administration: Diabetogenic and atherogenic changes in mice offspring In mice, in utero exposure to BPA caused higher blood glucose, insulin, and cholesterol levels as well as changes to the pancreatic tissue and body weight. Bano et al. Iran J Basic Med Sci. Assessing the trend of diabetes mellitus by analyzing metformin as a biomarker in wastewater Well this is an interesting idea. The results were consistent with more traditional measures (China). Xiao et al. Sci Total Environ. Air Pollution Associations of gestational diabetes mellitus with residential air pollution exposure in a large Southern California pregnancy cohort Found that maternal exposure to NO2 during preconception may increase the risk of gestational diabetes. Jo et al. Environ. Int. Diet and the Gut Association of prenatal antibiotics with measures of infant adiposity and the gut microbiome Prenatal antibiotic exposure in the second trimester was associated with an altered infant gut microbiome composition at 3 and 12 months and with higher infant weight-for-length and skinfold thickness at 12 months (North Carolina, U.S.). Zhang et al. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. Type 1 Diabetes and the Immune System Endocrine disruption and commensal bacteria alteration associated with gaseous and soil PAH contamination among daycare children While not specifically addressing type 1 diabetes, this study of Finnish children found that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentrations in soil and air that are considered safe may interfere with endocrine signaling by microbiota and affect bacterial communities in children. These effects, in turn, are linked to inflammatory disorders, including types 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as obesity (Finland). Roslund et al. Environ. Int.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2019 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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Sarah Howard

Diabetes and the Environment

Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS)

[Sarah Howard]

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Diet and the Gut

Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmunity Reviews Associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis This analysis of 30 articles found that air pollution exposure was positively associated with type 2 diabetes, not only in high-income countries, but also in low- and middle-income countries. Liu et al. Environ. Pollut. Braving the element: pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and adaptation in response to arsenic exposure A lifetime of arsenic exposure may exacerbate problems with both insulin sensitivity as well as β-cell function/survival, promoting the development of diabetes. This review focuses on the mechanisms of arsenic action on pancreatic β-cells. Carmean and Seino, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Bisphenol A co-exposure effects: a key factor in understanding BPA's complex mechanism and health outcomes BPA exposure has been associated with obesity, diabetes, and more. This review examines BPA co-exposure studies to highlight potentially unexplored mechanisms of action and their possible associations with the adverse health effects attributed to BPA. Sonavane and Gassman, Crit Rev Toxicol.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Early lead exposure and childhood adiposity in Mexico city Found an inverse association between prenatal lead exposure and body composition in Mexican children. Liu et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Oestrogen receptor β mediates the actions of bisphenol-A on ion channel expression in mouse pancreatic beta cells Found that BPA, at levels that humans are exposed to, directly affects the expression and function of genes that control ion channels in mouse pancreatic islets, thereby influencing insulin secretion from beta cells, and helping to explain how BPA promotes diabetes development. Martinez-Pinna et al. Diabetologia. Developmental exposure to the endocrine disruptor tolylfluanid induces sex-specific later-life metabolic dysfunction Gestational and lactational exposure to the fungicide tolylfluanid had contrasting metabolic effects in offspring later in life. Females had reduced glucose tolerance, lower insulin resistance, and lower adiposity, while males had impaired glucose tolerance and increased gluconeogenic capacity. Ruiz et al. Reprod Toxicol. Exploring toxicity of perfluorinated compounds through complex network and pathway modeling Constructed a PFC-target interaction network and found four target genes as the central nodes of the network-- genes linked to obesity and diabetes. Liu et al. J Biomol Struct Dyn. Tributyltin affects retinoid x receptor-mediated lipid metabolism in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus Tributyltin has metabolic effects even in tiny little aquatic organisms. Lee et al. Environ Sci Technol. Effects of preconception and in utero inorganic arsenic exposure on the metabolic phenotype of genetically diverse Collaborative Cross mice Combined in utero and postnatal exposure to arsenic produced insulin resistance in two strains of mice. Fry et al. Chem Res Toxicol. Air Pollution The effects of ambient particulate matter on human adipose tissue Particulate matter causes inflammation in human adipose tissue. Hassan et al. Toxicol Environ Health A. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and exposure to suspended particulate matter In India, the prevalence of diabetes was 77.5% higher among people living in areas of high particulate matter exposure compared to people living in less exposed areas. Jacob et al. J Health Pollut. Near-roadway air pollution exposure and altered fatty acid oxidation among adolescents and young adults - The interplay with obesity Near-roadway air pollution exposure is associated with altered fatty acid metabolism in young adults in Southern California. Chen et al. Environ. Int. Interaction between neighborhood walkability and traffic-related air pollution on hypertension and diabetes: The CANHEART cohort Walkability and traffic-related air pollution interact to jointly predict risk for hypertension and diabetes. Howell et al. Environ. Int.

Diet and the Gut

Research progress in the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora Summarizes current research on the correlation between type 2 diabetes and intestinal flora, the mechanisms involved, and the methods of prevention and treatment of type 2 based on intestinal flora. Ma et al. Biomed Pharmacother. Butylated hydroxyanisole isomers induce distinct adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells Found that the food additive BHA may promote obesity. Sun et al. J.Hazard Mater. Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmunity Bisphenol s modulates type 1 diabetes development in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with diet- and sex-related effects In adult male NOD mice, BPS exposure plus a soy-based diet led to increased insulin resistance and variable blood glucose levels, while adult females had lower blood glucose levels and delayed diabetes development. The effects could partly be explained by the diet. Xu et al. Toxics. Note that one characteristic of NOD mice is that many things can delay development of diabetes in these mice-- things that do not delay diabetes in humans-- so findings of diabetes delay in NOD mice is not necessarily applicable to humans. Human exposure to trichloroethylene is associated with increased variability of blood DNA methylation that is enriched in genes and pathways related to autoimmune disease and cancer Human exposure to TCE was associated with epigenetic alterations in genes important in the development of autoimmune diseases. Phillips et al. Epigenetics. Microbiome and type 1 diabetes Reviews recent findings regarding the associations between islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes, and the intestinal microbiota. Siljander et al. EBioMedicine.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2019 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

[Sarah Howard]

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmunity

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Complex relationships between perfluorooctanoate, body mass index, insulin resistance and serum lipids in young girls High levels of PFOA exposure in girls was associated with lower BMI, with interactions by puberty (Cincinnati, Ohio). Fassler et al. Environ Res. Phthalate exposures, DNA methylation and adiposity in Mexican children through adolescence Early gestation MBP, MIBP, and MBzP were associated with higher adiposity among girls. Second trimester and adolescent MBzP were associated with adiposity among boys in opposite directions. Bowman et al. Front Public Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Concomitant exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and triclosan at environmentally relevant concentrations induces metabolic syndrome with multigenerational consequences in Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis Early life exposure to triclosan and benzo[a]pyrene at levels found in the environment led to effects similar to pre-diabetes type and metabolic syndrome in frogs. Usal et al. Sci Total Environ. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate disorders lipid metabolism via TYK2/STAT1 and autophagy in rats DEHP exposure led to increased weight gain and altered serum lipids. Zhang et al. Biomed Environ Sci. Bisphenol A induces cholesterol biosynthesis in HepG2 cells via SREBP-2/HMGCR signaling pathway At levels found in the environment, BPA increased cholesterol content in liver cells, with a non-monotonic dose-response curve. Li et al. J Toxicol Sci. Air Pollution Developmental programming of obesity by maternal exposure to concentrated ambient PM2.5 is maternally transmitted into the third generation in a mouse model Pre-conceptional but not gestational exposure to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) was sufficient to cause male but not female offspring's low birth weight, accelerated postnatal weight gain, and increased adulthood adiposity. These adverse developmental traits were transmitted into the F2 offspring born by the female but not male F1 offspring of CAP-exposed dams. In contrast, no adverse development was noted in the F3 offspring. Xu et al. Part Fibre Toxicol. Effects of first-generation in utero exposure to diesel engine exhaust on second-generation placental function, fatty acid profiles and foetal metabolism in rabbits: preliminary results Diesel engine exhaust exposure and in utero indirect exposure should be considered as a programming factor within the context of the DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) with a probable intergenerational transmission. Rousseau-Ralliard et al. Sci Rep. Effects of ambient particulate matter on fasting blood glucose among primary school children in Guangzhou, China Exposure to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with higher fasting blood glucose levels in children, especially those with a family history of diabetes and in those who drank more sugar-sweetened beverages. Cai et al. Environ Res.

Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmunity

Heavy metals in fish and its association with autoimmunity in the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective birth cohort study Eating fish more than once a week during pregnancy and in offspring in early childhood was associated with higher levels of heavy metals, autoantibody positivity, and the autoimmune disease juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children (Sweden). Kindgren et al. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2019 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

[Sarah Howard]

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Type 1 Diabetes Reviews

The adverse health effects of bisphenol A and related toxicity mechanisms Reviews the current status of BPA exposure and relevant health effects covering reproductive, developmental, metabolic, immuno, respiratory, hepatic and renal toxicity and carcinogenesis of BPA. Ma et al. Environ Res. Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Unhealthy levels of phthalates and bisphenol A in Mexican pregnant women with gestational diabetes and its association to altered expression of miRNAs involved with metabolic disease Phthalates were detected in 97-100% of urine samples, while BPA only in 40%. Urinary MEHP and BPA concentrations were remarkably higher in both study groups compared to previously reported data. Unadjusted MEHP levels and adjusted BPA levels were higher in non-diabetics than in those with gestational diabetes. Martínez-Ibarra et al. Int J Mol Sci. Exposure to bisphenol A and diabetes risk in Mexican women In a cohort of Mexican women, BPA levels were positively associated with self-reported diabetes. Murphy et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and infant growth and adiposity: the Healthy Start Study In male infants, maternal perfluorooctanoate and perfluorononanoate were positively associated with adiposity, and in female infants, maternal PFOS and PFHxS were associated with lower weight-for-age. In both sexes, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate above vs. below the limit of detection was associated with greater odds of rapid growth in weight-for-age and weight-for-length (USA). Starling et al. Environ. Int. Salivary N1-Methyl-2-Pyridone-5-Carboxamide, a Biomarker for Uranium Uptake, in Kuwaiti Children Exhibiting Exceptional Weight Gain In Kuwaiti children, a possible marker of uranium exposure (due to military activity) was associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Goodson et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Perfluorooctanoate and changes in anthropometric parameters with age in young girls in the Greater Cincinnati and San Francisco Bay Area PFOA is associated with decreased BMI and waist:height ratio in young girls, but the strength of the relationship decreases with age. Site heterogeneity may be due to greater early life exposure in Cincinnati. Pinney et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Associations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances with incident diabetes and microvascular disease Some plasma PFASs were associated with the later development of diabetes and microvascular disease, and importantly, exercise and diet may attenuate the diabetogenic association of PFASs (USA). Cardenas et al. Diabetes Care.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Linking chemical exposure to lipid homeostasis: A municipal waste water treatment plant influent is obesogenic for zebrafish larvae Influent from a municipal waste water treatment plant induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae, similar to that of the obesogen tributyltin. Barbosa et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Fetal androgen signaling defects affect β-cell mass and function, leading to glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-fed male rats Male rats exposed to an anti-androgen during development had reduced β-cell mass and proliferating β-cells at birth, which was not recovered when rats were fed a standard diet, but fully recovered when rats were fed a high-fat diet. It also led to the development of glucose intolerance in male rats due to decrease in insulin secretion when fed a high-fat diet, but not standard diet. The data show that fetal androgen signaling is involved in sex differences in pancreatic β-cell function. Harada et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. Tributyltin exposure disturbs hepatic glucose metabolism in male mice The TBT-treated mice had higher fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, glucose intolerance, lower glucagon levels, and less pancreatic β-cell mass, among other effects. Xu et al. Toxicology. Effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency on PCB-77-induced impairment of glucose homeostasis during weight loss in male and female obese mice Male and female mice responded differently to PCB-77 and AhR deficiency in body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis. AhR deficiency reversed PCB-77-induced glucose impairment of obese males losing weight but augmented glucose intolerance of females. Jackson et al. EHP. Type 1 Diabetes Landmark models to define the age-adjusted risk of developing stage 1 type 1 diabetes across childhood and adolescence. The risk of developing autoantibodies drops exponentially with age in children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes, whereas the rate of developing clinical diabetes in children who were islet autoantibody-positive did not decline with age. Hoffmann et al. BMC Med. A low-carbohydrate high-fat diet initiated promptly after diagnosis provides clinical remission in three patients with type 1 diabetes All 3 patients (adults) were able to stop taking insulin after initiating a low-carb diet, but one eventually had to resume use after 18 months. ["Clinical remission" is also known as the "honeymoon" period, a time after type 1 diagnosis where beta cell function tends to improve for a period of time, usually after insulin is initiated, and is common in type 1 diabetes, especially in adults]. Bouillet et al. Diabetes Metab.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2019 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book