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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates   Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Reviews The Putative Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A on Autoimmune Diseases "Data from animal models provided consistent evidence highlighting the role of BPA in the pathogenesis, exacerbation and perpetuation of various autoimmune phenomena including ... insulitis in type 1 diabetes mellitus." Sharif et al. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Urinary di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate metabolite ratios in obese children of South Korea The relative metabolite ratios of DEHP metabolites was linked to BMI. On et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Associations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances with Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Highly Exposed Young Adult Community Residents-A Cross-Sectional Study in Veneto Region, Italy The results did not support a consistent association between PFAS and metabolic syndrome, and conflicting findings were observed for individual components of the syndrome. Zare Jeddi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Cases experienced different longitudinal changes in POPs compared to controls Pre- and post-diagnostic blood profiles of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants and metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and controls; A pilot study Between the pre- and post-diagnostic measurement, cases developed more favorable lipid profiles and the longitudinal changes in lipid-normalized concentrations of PCBs, beta-HCH, HCB, and DDE differed significantly between cases and controls. The changes in POPs were mainly driven by changes in bodyweight, lipids and T2DM status. Cases had significantly higher pre-diagnostic concentrations of POPs and triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol than controls. The authors conclude that "factors related to T2DM affect blood concentrations of POPs and may partly explain the positive associations between POPs and T2DM." Berg et al. Environ Res. Serum concentrations of neonicotinoids, and their associations with lipid molecules of the general residents in Wuxi City, Eastern China Found some positive associations between pesticide levels and lipid levels. Chen et al. J Hazard Mater. Sustained bloodstream release of persistent organic pollutants induced by extensive weight loss after bariatric surgery: Implications for women of childbearing age Circulating levels of all chemicals, except PFASs, increased progressively after surgery. Fénichel et al. Environ Int. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Developmental exposures to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) impact embryonic nutrition, pancreatic morphology, and adiposity in the zebrafish, Danio rerio "Together, these data suggest that the embryonic period is a susceptible window of metabolic programming in response to PFOS exposures, and that these early exposures alone can have persisting effects later in the lifecourse." Sant et al. Environ Pollut. Air Pollution Traffic-related Air Pollution is Associated with Glucose Dysregulation, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress in Children In young children living in Fresno, California, both short- and longer-term estimated individual-level outdoor residential exposures to several traffic-related air pollutants, including ambient PAHs, were associated with biomarkers of risk for metabolic syndrome (including higher HbA1c and higher blood pressure) and oxidative stress. Mann et al. Environ Res. To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Diabetes Incidence

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Study on the correlation of bisphenol A exposure, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and C-reactive protein with potential cardiovascular disease symptoms in young adults In Taiwan, young adults with higher BPA exposure levels had higher BMI, blood pressure, and inflammation. Tsen et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Urinary bisphenol A levels in prepubertal children with exogenous obesity according to presence of metabolic syndrome Obese children with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher urinary BPA levels than obese children without metabolic syndrome, and both obese groups had considerably elevated levels of urinary BPA than the controls (Turkey). Aktağ et al. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and calcifications of the coronary and aortic arteries in adults with prediabetes: Results from the diabetes prevention program outcomes study Prediabetic adults with higher plasma concentrations of select PFAS had higher risk of coronary and thoracic aorta calcification (U.S.). Osorio-Yáñez et al. Environ Int. Cadmium Exposure in Young Adulthood Is Associated with Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Midlife Toenail Cd concentration was associated with a higher odds of prevalent NAFLD 23 years later in life in this cohort of the general U.S. population. Li et al. Dig Dis Sci.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Changes and relationship of N 6-methyladenosine modification and Long non-coding RNAs in oxidative damage induced by cadmium in pancreatic β-cells Reveals mechanisms by which cadmium can induce oxidative stress in beta cells. Qu et al. Toxicol Lett.  Air Pollution Ambient air pollution and the development of overweight and obesity in children: a large longitudinal study Early childhood exposure to air pollution was associated with a small increase in the risk of developing overweight and obesity later in childhood, especially in the most deprived areas (Spain). de Bont et. al. Int J Obes (Lond). Associations of residing greenness and long-term exposure to air pollution with glucose homeostasis markers Exposure to air pollution had negative effect on glucose homeostasis markers and these effects may be modified by living in higher green space (China). Hou et al. Sci Total Environ. Association of fine particulate matter with glucose and lipid metabolism: a longitudinal study in young adults Exposure to high PM2.5 was associated with deleterious effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, especially in females and in those overweight or obese (China). Qin et al. Occup Environ Med. Diabetes Incidence Trends in the incidence of diagnosed diabetes: a multicountry analysis of aggregate data from 22 million diagnoses in high-income and middle-income settings The incidence of type 2 diabetes is stabilizing or declining in many high-income countries. 19 of 23 data sources had data from 2010 onwards and showed a downward or stable trend, with an annual estimated change in incidence ranging from −1.1% to −10.8%. Among the four data sources with an increasing trend from 2010 onwards, the annual estimated change ranged from 0.9% to 5.6%. Magliano et al. Lancet Diab and Endo.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Type 1 Diabetes Reviews Metabolically healthy obese vs. Metabolic syndrome - The crosslink between nutritional exposure to bisphenols and physical exercise This is not really a review, but the authors propose the hypothesis that lower exposure to bisphenols together with increased levels of physical exercise underlie the physiological aspects behind metabolic healthy obesity. Jones et al. Med Hypotheses. The role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: Looking at the other side of the moon "There is emerging evidence that irregular immune responses contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in T2D and, inversely, that insulin resistance is a component of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes." Koufakis et al. Obes Rev.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Organophosphate Flame Retardants, Highly Fluorinated Chemicals, and Biomarkers of Placental Development and Disease during Mid-Gestation Measured 12 PFASs and four urinary OPFR metabolites in 132 healthy pregnant U.S. women during mid-gestation and examined a subset with biomarkers of placental development and disease. Found inverse associations of PFASs or OPFRs with immunoreactivity and positive associations with placental stress in multiple regions of the placenta, indicating these chemicals may contribute to abnormal placentation and future health risks. Some chemicals were also associated with maternal blood pressure and lipid concentrations. Varshavsky et al. Toxicol Sci. Chronic Exposure to Organophosphates Pesticides and Risk of Metabolic Disorder in Cohort from Pakistan and Cameroon Elevated BMI, insulin, blood glucose, dyslipidemia and hypertension were found in people chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Leonel Javeres et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Phthalates, Parabens, and Other Phenols and Obesity in Five-Year-Olds in the CHAMACOS Cohort Prenatal exposure to phthalate metabolites and propylparaben were consistently associated with an increased BMI and overweight/obesity status in childhood across all modeling approaches. Higher prenatal exposures to the cumulative biomarker mixture also trended with greater childhood adiposity (U.S.). Berger et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Vitamin D is associated with blood lead exposure through bone turnover in type 2 diabetes patients The findings suggest that vitamin D may protect against blood lead exposure from the bone reservoir by decreasing bone turnover in people with type 2 diabetes (China). Zhang et al. Endocr Connect. Relationship between heavy metal exposure and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale retrospective cohort study using occupational health examinations Occupational exposure to lead and cadmium was not associated with the incidence of diabetes, but annual changes in fasting blood sugar according to lead concentration at the beginning of exposure showed a positive correlation (Korea). Ji et al. BMJ Open. Trimester-specific and sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on fetal growth, birth size, and early-childhood growth: A longitudinal prospective cohort study Found sex-specific and trimester-specific relationships of DEHP exposure to offspring growth from fetal to early-childhood (China). Li et al. Sci Total Environ. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Triphenyl phosphate disturbs the lipidome and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in JEG-3 cells The flame retardant triphenyl phosphate can disturb lipid metabolism and cause lipid accumulation in placental cells. Wang et al. Chemosphere. Perfluoroalkyl Acid Binding with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α, γ, and δ, and Fatty Acid Binding Proteins by Equilibrium Dialysis with a Comparison of Methods Used molecular dynamics to screen PFAS binding to liver and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins and peroxisome proliferator activated nuclear receptors (PPAR-α, -δ and -γ) with six perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. Khazaee et al. Toxics. Environmental cadmium exposure during pregnancy causes diabetes-like phenotypes in mouse offspring: Association with oxidative stress in the fetal liver Following maternal cadmium exposure during gestation, offspring mice developed hyperglycemia in puberty and impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood. The mechanism involved enhancing gluconeogenesis via oxidative stress in the liver. Yi et al. Sci Total Environ. Long-term exposure to low doses of bisphenol S has hypoglycaemic effect in adult male mice by promoting insulin sensitivity and repressing gluconeogenesis Chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of BPS exerted an unexpected hypoglycemic effect in mice under various dietary conditions, due to lower insulin resistance and disrupted thyroid hormone signalling. Guo et al. Environ Pollut. Interaction between probiotic additive and perfluorobutanesulfonate pollutant on offspring growth and health after parental exposure using zebrafish Probiotic bacteria alleviated the energy metabolism disorders caused by PFBS. Liu et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Air Pollution Exposure to PM 2.5 and Obesity Prevalence in the Greater Mexico City Area Found a significantly increased risk of obesity in people of all ages exposed to higher levels of air pollution, especially in adolescents. Tamayo-Ortiz et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Habitual exercise is associated with reduced risk of diabetes regardless of air pollution: a longitudinal cohort study Higher physical activity and lower PM2.5 exposure are associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and habitual physical activity can reduce the risk of diabetes regardless of the levels of PM2.5 exposure, even in polluted areas (Taiwan). Guo et al. Diabetologia. Foetal 25-hydroxyvitamin D moderates the association of prenatal air pollution exposure with foetal glucolipid metabolism disorder and systemic inflammatory responses Prenatal air pollution exposure was associated with impaired fetal metabolic function through systemic inflammation. High fetal vitamin D levels improved this systemic inflammation and metabolism, but only at low-medium levels of prenatal air pollution exposure (China). Liu et al. Environ Int. Association of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 with blood lipids in the Chinese population: Findings from a longitudinal quasi-experiment For each 10 μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5, LDL cholesterol, and TC decreased by 2.71 (95% CI 0.10-5.32) and 4.16 (95% CI 1.24-7.08) mg/dL, respectively. There was no significant association with HDL cholesterol or triglycerides. Li et al. Environ Int. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) inhalation-induced alterations in the plasma lipidome as promoters of vascular inflammation and insulin resistance PM2.5 exposure, by inducing pulmonary oxidative stress, promotes unique lipidomic changes characterized by high levels of circulating fatty acids, which are sufficient to trigger vascular pathology in mice. Hill et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. Type 1 Diabetes Anti-interleukin-21 antibody and liraglutide for the preservation of β-cell function in adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial The combination of anti-IL-21 and liraglutide (Victoza) helped preserve beta cell function in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes in this large, international trial. von Herrath et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. Also see the Commentary, Combination therapy in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Teplizumab improves and stabilizes beta cell function in antibody-positive high-risk individuals Follow-up study of a trial that showed that teplizumab delayed type 1 diagnosis in people at risk. Sims et al. Sci Transl. Med.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Reviews Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Reviews current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and cardiovascular disease, and how the impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD. Callaghan et al. Front Pharmacol.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Low-level lead exposure promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis and contributes to the elevation of fasting glucose level In China, people with higher blood lead levels had higher fasting glucose levels. An accompanying animal study shows possible mechanisms. Wan et al. Chemosphere. Association between cumulative childhood blood lead exposure and hepatic steatosis in young Mexican adults Chronic lead exposure during early childhood is associated with a higher levels of hepatic steatosis biomarkers and liver injury in young adulthood (Mexico). Betanzos-Robledo et al. Environ Res. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in Spanish adolescents This first longitudinal study from 4 to 18 years suggests that the previously reported POP associations with child BMI persist later in adolescence and that prenatal POP exposures are associated with major risk factors for later life cardiometabolic syndrome (Spain). Güil-Oumrait et al. Environ Int. Exposure to Phenols, Phthalates, and Parabens and Development of Metabolic Syndrome Among Mexican Women in Midlife EDCs measured in 2008 were marginally predictive of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension 9 years later (Mexico). Zamora et al. Front Public Health. Prenatal exposure to butyl paraben is associated with fat percentage in 7-year old boys Prenatal exposure to butylparaben above the level of detection was associated with an increase in total body fat percentage and android fat percentage in boys. There were no associations between in utero exposure to methyl-, ethyl- or propyl parabens and body composition, and no associations in girls. (Denmark). Damsgaard Højsager et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Perfluorooctane sulfonate continual exposure impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via SIRT1-induced upregulation of UCP2 expression In beta cells, PFOS impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion, among other things. Duan et al. Environ Pollut. Prolonged low-dose dioxin exposure impairs metabolic adaptability to high-fat diet feeding in female but not male mice Low-dose TCDD exposure did not lead to adverse metabolic consequences in chow-fed male or female mice, or in HFD-fed males. However, TCDD accelerated the onset of HFD-induced hyperglycemia and impaired glucose-induced plasma insulin levels in female mice. TCDD caused a modest increase in islet area in males but reduced % beta cell area within islets in females. Matteo et al. Endocrinology. Air Pollution The association of prenatal exposure to particulate matter with infant growth: A birth cohort study in Beijing, China Prenatal exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 was associated with increased weight-for-length and BMI, and higher risk of overweight/obesity in one-year-old children. Zhou et al. Environ Pollut.  Long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 increase obesity risk in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study based on a nationwide survey in China Higher PM2.5 concentration was associated with a higher risk of for general obesity and abdominal obesity. Cao et al. Sci Total Environ.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Urinary total arsenic and arsenic methylation capacity in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study Women with gestational diabetes may have less ability to detoxify arsenic (U.S.). Chen et al. Chemosphere. Plasma Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Body Composition from Mid-childhood to Early Adolescence Exposure levels of some PFAS during childhood was associated with changes in body composition into early adolescence-- some PFAS with less lean mass, some with less total fat mass, some with more visceral fat mass (Boston area, U.S.). Janis et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Mediation effects of thyroid function in the associations between phthalate exposure and glucose metabolism in adults Free T4 mediated 24% and 35% of the associations of urinary MEHP and MEOHP with insulin resistance, respectively. Huang et al. Environ Pollut. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Perinatal exposure to low doses of glyphosate-based herbicide combined with a high-fat diet in adulthood causes changes in the jejunums of mice In mice, perinatal glyphosate exposure combined with a high-fat diet in adulthood increases the risk of intestinal inflammation and dysfunction. Panza et al. Life Sci. Air Pollution Long-term exposure to air pollutants enhanced associations of obesity with blood pressure and hypertension Obesity increased the effects of exposure to high levels of air pollutants on high blood pressure (China). Hou et al. Clin. Nutr.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Reviews Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity risk "This review summarizes the evidence for a role for early environmental factors, such as maternal malnutrition, hypoxia, and exposure to excess hormones and endocrine disruptors during gestation in the programming of adipose tissue and obesity in the offspring." Rodgers and Sferruzzi-Perri, Int J Obes (Lond).

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Contribution of trace element exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus through disturbing the gut microbiome While no individual trace elements were significantly associated with gestational diabetes, trace element exposure was associated with specific gut microbiome features that may contribute to gestational diabetes development (China). Zhang et al. Environ Int.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Bisphenol F exposure in adolescent heterogeneous stock (HS) rats affects growth and adiposity BPF-exposed rats showed significantly increased body growth and abdominal adiposity. Wagner et al. Toxicol Sci.  Maternal exposure to phenanthrene during gestation disturbs glucose homeostasis in adult mouse offspring Exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene during gestation disturbed adipocytokine levels via epigenetic modification in adult offspring, caused glucose intolerance and decreased insulin levels in females, and caused elevated fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in males. Guo et al. Chemosphere. Discovery of New Protein Targets of BPA Analogs and Derivatives Associated with Noncommunicable Diseases: A Virtual High-Throughput Screening Molecules such as BTUM, BDP, BPPH, and Pergafast 201 could be targeting key signaling pathways related to noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes. Montes-Grajales et al. Environ Health Perspect. Air Pollution Associations of Particulate Matter Sizes and Chemical Constituents with Blood Lipids: A Panel Study in Guangzhou, China Short-term exposure to particulate matter in different sizes was deleteriously associated with blood lipids. Some constituents, especially metals, might be the major contributors to the detrimental effects. He et al. Environ Sci Technol. Ultrafine particles altered gut microbial population and metabolic profiles in a sex-specific manner in an obese mouse model Ultrafine particles affected several gut bacterial families in males and females differently, with stronger disruptive effects found in females in comparison to male obese mice. Yang et al. Sci Rep.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Type 1 Diabetes

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Developmental exposure to DDT or DDE alters sympathetic innervation of brown adipose in adult female mice Perinatal exposure to DDT or DDE impairs thermogenesis by interfering with patterns of connectivity in sympathetic circuits that regulate brown adipose tissue in mice. vonderEmbse et al. Environ Health. Air Pollution Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Risk of Weight Gain and Obesity in United States Veterans: An Observational Cohort Study Exposure to higher PM2.5 air pollution was associated with an increased risk of obesity and weight gain in a large, predominantly male, cohort of U.S. Veterans. Bowe et al. EHP. Exposure to biomass fuel is associated with high blood pressure and fasting blood glucose impairment in females in southern rural China Exposure to biomass fuel was associated with an increase in blood pressure and fasting blood glucose levels, but not with metabolic syndrome. Zheng et al. Environ Res. Type 1 Diabetes Maternal Vitamin C and Iron Intake during Pregnancy and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Birth Cohort Study There were no associations. Mattila et al. Nutrients. The Relationship between Traffic-Related Air Pollution Exposures and Allostatic Load Score among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes in the SEARCH Cohort Among U.S. youth with type 1 diabetes, there was no overall relationships between chronic exposures to particulate matter and traffic-related air pollution and changes in allostatic load score (a marker of cumulative biological risk). However, residing near heavily-trafficked roads was associated with higher allostatic load score for non-white participants. Montresor-López et al. Environ Res.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Type 1 Diabetes

Reviews Interplay Between Endocrine Disruptors and Immunity: Implications for Diseases of Autoreactive Etiology Reviews how ubiquitously used environmental endocrine disruptors interfere with immune relevant endocrine signaling and contribute to autoimmunity (including type 1 diabetes). Popescu et al. Front Pharmacol. Chronic oral exposure to pesticides and their consequences on metabolic regulation: role of the microbiota Reviews the mechanisms that link pesticide exposure, gut microbiota, and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. It finds that certain gut microbiome changes are linked to both pesticides and metabolism, and that prebiotics may help prevent these effects. Djekkoun et al. Eur J Nutr.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Gaussian graphical modeling of the serum exposome and metabolome reveals interactions between environmental chemicals and endogenous metabolites In Californian women firefighters and office workers, perfluoroalkyl substances were linked to bile acids and hormones that regulate cholesterol and glucose metabolism and inflammation. Bessonneau et al. Sci Rep. Perfluorooctane sulfonate alternatives and metabolic syndrome in adults: New evidence from the Isomers of C8 Health Project in China Greater serum levels of various PFAS (including 2 PFOS alternatives) were associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome. There was also a positive association between the overall mixture of PFAS and the odds of metabolic syndrome in women. Yu et al. Environ Pollut.  Relationship between urinary heavy metals with metabolic syndrome and its components in population from Hoveyzeh cohort study: A case-control study in Iran Metabolic syndrome and its components were associated with heavy metal concentrations in urine. Ghaedrahmat et al. J Trace Elem Med Biol. Investigation of the association between pesticide exposure and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Shahedieh population in Yazd There was no association (Iran). Sharafi et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Lipid responses to environmental perfluoroalkyl substance exposure in a Taiwanese Child cohort Different lipid patterns were discovered in children exposed to different levels of specific PFASs, such as PFTrDA, PFOS, and PFDA. These changes in lipid levels may be involved in liver lipid metabolism and metabolic disorders. Lee et al. Environ Pollut.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Effects of polyethylene microplastics on the microbiome and metabolism in larval zebrafish Zebrafish exposed to polyethylene microplastics had significant changes in the microbiome, changed levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, fatty acids, and glucose, and lowered transcription levels of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes, among other things. Zhao et al. Environ Pollut. Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D plus Bisphenol A effects on adipogenesis in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells BPA plus vitamin D at a concentration of 10 nM boosted adipogenesis during the critical stages of adipocyte development, whereas it inhibited this process at a concentration of 0.1 nM. Salehpour et al. Diabetol Metab Syndr. Perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces hepatic lipid accumulation mediated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 Perinatal exposure to DEHP induced triglyceride accumulation in the rat liver. An et al. Hum Exp Toxicol. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) thwarts the beneficial effects of calorie restriction and Metformin In mice fed a calorie-restricted diet, PFOS did not significantly alter weight loss or white adipose tissue mass, but PFOS did increase triglyceride accumulation in the liver. PFOS also interfered with the glucose lowering effects of metformin in liver and made metformin less effective in fat cells. Salter et al. Toxicol Sci. Air Pollution Paternal Exposure to PM 2.5 Programs Offspring's Energy Homeostasis Exposing father mice to fine particulate matter prior to mating led to metabolic effects in 3 generations of offspring along the paternal line. Chen et al. Environ Sci Technol.  Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and metabolic syndrome risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis There were positive associations between long-term PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Ning et al. Sci Total Environ. Acute effect of particulate matter pollution on hospital admissions for stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes in Beijing, China, from 2014 to 2018 PM2.5 and PM10 have a linear exposure-response relationship with stroke among people with type 2 diabetes, showing that high particulate matter might be a risk factor for stroke. Liu et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Air pollution exposure and risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes among women with type 1 diabetes Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes may be at greater risk for adverse outcomes when exposed to air pollution than women without autoimmune disease (U.S.). Williams et al. Environ Res. Type 1 Diabetes Associations of breastfeeding with childhood autoimmunity, allergies, and overweight: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study In children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes in this large international study, longer breastfeeding was not associated with a lower risk of childhood diabetes or celiac disease related autoimmunity, but was associated with decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis and obesity at 5.5 years of age. Hummel et al. Am J Clin Nutr. Distinguishing the real from the hyperglycaemia: does COVID-19 induce diabetes? We do know that SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce high blood glucose levels in people without diabetes. There are case reports of diabetes onset simultaneously or shortly after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, findings from epidemiological studies have been conflicting. There is also conflicting evidence regarding which cells within the pancreas—and particularly the β cells—express the key viral receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and additional factors necessary for effective SARS-CoV-2 entry. Atkinson and Powers, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Type 1 Diabetes Reviews

Systemic PFOS and PFOA exposure and disturbed lipid homeostasis in humans: what do we know and what not? This paper reviews the main issues regarding the modulation of lipid homeostasis by PFOS and PFOA, with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms relevant for humans. The contrast between human and animal data may be an artifact of dose, with different molecular pathways coming into play upon exposure to PFASs at low vs high levels. Fragki et al. Crit Rev Toxicol.  The gut microbiome and arsenic-induced disease-iAs metabolism in mice This review summarizes inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolism and toxicity in mice and the gut microbiome and how iAs and the gut microbiome interact to induce diseases. Yang et al. Curr Environ Health Rep. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood This literature review identified consistent research results on the topic, and the epidemiological findings have been replicated in animal studies such that prenatal exposure to POPs have negative health outcomes such as obesity and increased waist circumference. González et al. Rev Environ Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Grandmaternal Perinatal Serum DDT in Relation to Granddaughter Early Menarche and Adult Obesity: Three Generations in the Child Health and Development Studies Cohort Women's o,p'-DDT levels were associated with obesity in their granddaughters among normal weight women, but not among overweight and obese women (and with early puberty in granddaughters among all women) (U.S.). Cirillo et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.  DNA methylation in the adipose tissue and whole blood of Agent Orange-exposed Operation Ranch Hand veterans: a pilot study Found some but limited evidence of dioxin associated DNA methylation in adipose tissue and whole blood in this pilot study of Vietnam War veterans. Rytel et al. Environ Health. Relationship between gestational diabetes and serum trace element levels in pregnant women from Eastern Iran: a multivariate approach Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and mercury were significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes. Rezaei et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Associations of Dietary Exposure to Organochlorine Pesticides from Plant-Origin Foods with Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Women: A Multiple Follow-up Study in North China Dietary intake of DDT and DDE were negatively associated with serum HDL cholesterol. Wang et al. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. Environmental Contaminant Body Burdens and the Relationship with Blood Pressure Measures Among Indigenous Adults This cross-sectional study found that PCBs and organochlorines were associated with prevalent hypertension (Canada). Zuk et al. Environ Epidemiol.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Inter- and Transgenerational Effects of Paternal Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic The exposure of male mice to inorganic arsenic causes glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance in F1 females, but not males, without affecting body weight. F2 offspring from grandpaternal arsenic exposure show temporary growth retardation at an early age, which diminishes in adults. However, reduced adiposity persists into middle age and is associated with altered gut microbiome and increased brown adipose thermogenesis. In F3 offspring of the male-lineage, arsenic exposure caused increased adiposity, especially on a high-calorie diet. Gong et al. Adv Sci (Weinh).  Multi-omics phenotyping of the gut-liver axis reveals metabolic perturbations from a low-dose pesticide mixture in rats Overall, this study "demonstrated that in-depth molecular profiling in laboratory animals exposed to low concentrations of pesticides allows the detection of metabolic perturbations that would remain undetected by standard regulatory biochemical measures and which could thus improve the predictability of health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants." Mesnage et al. Commun Biol.  Bisphenol F and bisphenol S promote lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells In human adipose-derived stem cells, BPF and BPS produced a linear dose-response increase in intracellular lipid accumulation and in gene expression of adipogenic markers. Their obesogenic effects may result from a combination of pathways rather than a single mechanism. Reina-Pérez et al. Food Chem Toxicol.  Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener 180 (PCB 180) Regulates Mitotic Clonal Expansion and Enhances Adipogenesis through Modulation of C/EBPβ SUMOylation in Preadipocytes PCB 180 enhanced adipogenesis in differentiating murine and human preadipocytes. Yu et al. Food Chem Toxicol. Organophosphorus pesticides exert estrogen receptor agonistic effect determined using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PBTG455, and induce estrogen receptor-dependent adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes The organophosphorus pesticides diazinon, phoxim, terbufos, and tolclofos-methyl might have obesogenic effects mediated by interacting with the estrogen receptor. Kim et al. Environ Pollut.  Type 1 Diabetes Air pollution and meteorological conditions during gestation and type 1 diabetes in offspring Exposure to high ozone levels during gestation was associated with type 1 diabetes in offspring, but there were no associations with particulate matter or other air pollutants (Israel). Taha-Khalde et al. Environ Int. [This is the third study that has found ozone levels during pregnancy linked to an increased T1D risk in offspring; the other studies were from Sweden and Canada.] A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis Reviews the evidence that diet-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the development of T1D, and determine the effect of diet and other factors on the gut microbiota, including its impact on both immune and beta cell function. Hamilton-Williams et al. Front Nutr. Racial disparities in treatment and outcomes of children with type 1 diabetes "Racial disparities in technology use and diabetes outcomes persist in children with T1D, regardless of insurance status." Lipman et al. Pediatr Diabetes.

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Dysregulation of autophagy acts as a pathogenic mechanism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by common environmental pollutants This review analyzed the regulations of common environmental pollutants on autophagy in NAFLD, including the dysregulation of autophagy by environmental pollutants in adipose tissue and gut, and their interactions with liver, as well as epigenetic regulation on autophagy by environmental pollutants. Zhang et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Life-course exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in relation to markers of glucose homeostasis in early adulthood Life-course PFAS exposure is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and increased pancreatic beta-cell function in young adults (Faroe Islands). Valvi et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Perinatal exposure to silver nanoparticles reprograms immunometabolism and promotes pancreatic beta-cell death and kidney damage in mice In mice, perinatal exposure to silver nanoparticles through the mother led to chronic inflammation in offspring which persisted until adulthood, pancreatic damage, reduced insulin levels, increased blood glucose levels, and kidney damage. Tiwari et al. Nanotoxicology. Air Pollution Association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients: A national cross-sectional study in China Exposure to higher levels of PM2.5 was associated with a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy among people with diabetes in rural China. Shan et al. Environ Int. Fine particulate matter and body weight status among older adults in China: Impacts and pathways PM2.5 has an independent and significant detrimental impact on weight status including BMI of older adults in China, especially among rural adults and rural-urban migrants. Zhang et al. Health Place. Effect of sulfur dioxide exposure on histopathology and morphometry of pancreatic islet cells and glycemic indices in Wistar rats Exposure to SO2 caused a significant increase in blood glucose and damaged the pancreas of rats, but did not affect insulin resistance. Soltan-Abad et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Type 1 Diabetes Advances in Type 1 Diabetes Prediction using Islet Autoantibodies: Beyond a Simple Count There have been many studies investigating islet autoantibody characteristics for their predictive potential, beyond a simple categorical count. This review aims to identify the dynamic and nuanced manifestations of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes, and to highlight how these autoantibody features have the potential to improve study design of trials aiming to predict and prevent disease. So et al. Endocr Rev.

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Flame Retardants-Mediated Interferon Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of flame retardants-associated immune and inflammatory signaling and their possible contribution to the development and progression of NAFLD. Negi et al. Int J Mol Sci.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Arsenic Exposure, Arsenic Metabolism, and Glycemia: Results from a Clinical Population in New York City While there was no evidence of an association of total urinary arsenic with prediabetes, diabetes, or HbA1c, the data suggest that a lower arsenic methylation capacity is associated with worse glycemic control and diabetes. Wu et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Associations of perfluorooctane sulfonate alternatives and serum lipids in Chinese adults Alternative PFAS are adversely associated with serum lipid levels, as are legacy PFASs. Cong et al. Environ Int. Cardiometabolic risk factors and mercury content in hair of women from a territory distant from mercury-rich geochemical zones (Cherepovets city, Northwest Russia) Mercury levels were higher in the hair of women with metabolic syndrome than in those without. Ivanova et al. Environ Geochem Health. Blood lead, nutrient intake, and renal function among type 2 diabetic patients High blood lead levels were significantly associated with renal injury, and there was some interaction with nutritional intake. Chen et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies 4-Methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene, a Major Active Metabolite of Bisphenol A, Triggers Pancreatic β-Cell Death via a JNK/AMPKα Activation-Regulated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway Exposure to MBP, a metabolite of BPA, significantly reduced beta cell viability, caused insulin secretion dysfunction, and induced beta cell death. Huang et al. Int J Mol Sci. Toxicological Assessment of Oral Co-Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Juvenile Rats at Environmentally Relevant Dose Levels: Evaluation of the Synergic, Additive or Antagonistic Effects In the metabolic system, in females, BPA and DEHP acted synergistically, and in males they acted additively, while in the reproductive and endocrine systems they acted antagonistically. Tassinari et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. High-fat diet accelerate hepatic fatty acids synthesis in offspring male rats induced by perinatal exposure to nonylphenol Nonylphenol and a high-fat diet synergistically accelerated the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver of male offspring rats, which caused abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormal liver function and hepatic steatosis. All of these effects were passed on to the second generation as well. Zhang et al. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. Developing QSAR Models with Defined Applicability Domains on PPARγ Binding Affinity Using Large Data Sets and Machine Learning Algorithms Screened chemicals for PPARγ binding, which is involved in obesity. Wang et al. Environ Sci Technol. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development in Zebrafish upon Exposure to Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate, a Novel Brominated Flame Retardant TBPH amplified the disruption of lipid homeostasis in zebrafish, leading to the enhancement of diet-induced NAFLD progression. Guo et al. Environ Sci Technol. Air Pollution Prenatal exposure to residential PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents and weight in preschool children: A longitudinal study from Shanghai, China Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 total mass and its main chemical constituents was associated with decreased weight in boys from 1 to 6 years of age, with increased weight at birth and decreased weight at 6 years of age in girls. Sun et al. Environ Int. Associations between air pollution indicators and prevalent and incident diabetes in an African American cohort, the Jackson Heart Study Found positive associations between long-term PM2.5 and O3 exposure and diabetes in African Americans. Weaver et al. Environ Epidemiol. Effect of Air Pollution on Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Air pollution is correlated with a substantially increased risk of childhood obesity. Parasin et al. Children (Basel). Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes incidence among youth in Utah: A geographical analysis The incidence rate increased by 14% between 1998 and 2015, with an annual increase of 0.80%. There were 42 high-risk clusters throughout the state, which were associated with median household income, population density, and latitude. McCullough et al. Soc Sci Med.

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Impact of the exposome on the development and function of pancreatic β-cells Reviews how environmental exposures, including pollutants, can lead to altered β-cell function at birth, and a subsequent mismatch in pancreatic hormonal demands and secretory capacity postnatally, resulting in an increased risk of gestational, type 2, and type 1 diabetes. Hill, Mol Aspects Med. Epigenetic Modifications Associated with Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Reviews the potential role of epigenetic changes linked to EDCs (including BPA, phthalates, and parabens) in women with gestational diabetes. Kunysz et al. Int J Mol Sci. Exposure to obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals and obesity among youth of Latino or Hispanic origin in the United States and Latin America: A lifecourse perspective Written by a group of experts in the United States and Latin America, this narrative review of the epidemiological literature on the role of obesogenic EDCs in the etiology of childhood obesity among Latino youth in the United States and Latin America also discusses the role of policy and regulations to prevent obesity. Perng et al. Obes Rev. Toxicity of bisphenol analogues on the reproductive, nervous, and immune systems, and their relationships to gut microbiome and metabolism: insights from a multi-species comparison Reviews the immunotoxicity, metabolic toxicity, and gut microbiome toxicity of BPA analogues in various species, including humans. BPA analogues exert their toxic effects on different organs and systems through various mechanisms including epigenetic modifications and effects on cell signaling pathways, the microbiome, and the metabolome. McDonough et al. Crit Rev Toxicol. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds such as phthalates and bisphenol A is associated with an increased risk for obesity Reviews the potential impact of BPA and phthalate-based plasticizers on obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Special emphasis is given to the obesogenic effects of prenatal exposure and strategies for identifying, regulating, and replacing EDCs. Biemann et al. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. A systematic review on the metabolic effects of chlorpyrifos Summarizes findings from 61 publications on glycemic, lipid, insulin, and body weight changes in rodents and fish exposed to the pesticide chlorpyrifos. Most of the studies reported hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and decreased insulin levels and body weight following exposure, depending on dose and timing. Farkhondeh et al. Rev Environ Health. Lead and Cadmium as Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Burden of Proof Has Been Met This review/editorial contends that lead and cadmium have met the burden of proof to be considered coronary risk factors. Lamas et al. J Am Heart Assoc. Confronting Racism in Environmental Health Sciences: Moving the Science Forward for Eliminating Racial Inequities Not a review, but an important Commentary. Outline five recommendations the EHS research community can implement to confront racism and move our science forward for eliminating racial inequities in environmental health. Payne-Sturges et al. EHP.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Timing of Menarche and Growth and Adiposity into Adulthood: A Twenty-Years Birth Cohort Study Found weak negative associations between some phthalate metabolites and change in height and weight during infancy, and weak positive associations between some of the high molecular weight phthalate metabolites and height during childhood (plus slightly delayed puberty) (Australia). Berman et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Association between prenatal phthalate exposure and anthropometric measures of newborns in a sample of Iranian population Found significant correlations between urinary levels of maternal MBzP and MEHHP with birth weight of female neonates. MBP and MBzP had negative associations with head circumference in male and female newborns, Darvishmotevalli et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. The associations of phthalate biomarkers during pregnancy with later glycemia and lipid profiles As a mixture, higher urinary phthalate concentrations during pregnancy were associated with higher levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c 4-8 years post-delivery. Associations were primarily driven by MECPTP and the sum of DBP. The phthalates mixture was associated with lower HDL, driven by ∑DBP and MEP, and higher triglyceride levels, driven by MECPTP and MEP.  ∑DBP and MEP were associated with lower and higher total cholesterol, respectively, and MECPTP and ∑DBP were associated with lower LDL (Mexico City). Wu et al. Environ Int. Perturbation of serum metabolome in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus and urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and bisphenols Found that metabolism may play a role in the associations phthalates and type 2 diabetes, but not for bisphenols (China). Duan et al. Environ Int. Associations of accumulated selected persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue with insulin sensitivity and risk of incident type-2 diabetes This 16 year longitudinal study from Spain found positive dose-response relationships between POPs and T2DM risk, particularly for HCB. PCB-180 showed a positive but non-linear association with T2DM risk. Unadjustment for body mass index considerably increased the magnitude of the associations. At baseline, HCB and PCB-180 were associated with increased insulin resistance. Barrios-Rodríguez et al. Environ Int. Multiple metal exposure and obesity: A prospective cohort study of adults living along the Yangtze River, China A mixture of 17 metals was negatively associated with obesity. Zhong et al. Environ Pollut.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Multi- and trans-generational disturbances of perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorohexane sulfonate on lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans Short-chain PFAS had transgenerational effects related to obesity in C. elegans. Li et al. Chemosphere. Air Pollution Joint effects of ethnic enclave residence and ambient volatile organic compounds exposure on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Asian/Pacific Islander women in the United States Preconception VOC exposure was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes when women resided outside ethnic enclaves, and the effect was somewhat mitigated within enclaves. Ethnic enclave residence may mitigate the effects of VOC exposure, perhaps due to lower stress levels. Williams et al. Environ Health. Type 1 Diabetes Why is the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Increasing? Reviews some of the major and minor environmental factors potentially linked to type 1 diabetes development, including some environmental chemicals. Abela and Fava, Curr Diabetes Rev.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Type 1 Diabetes Events Reviews Adipotropic effects of heavy metals and their potential role in obesity Reviews the effects of mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic on fat tissue functioning, and finds these effects are dose-dependent, with increased adipogenesis at low-doses and inhibition of adipose tissue differentiation at higher doses. Both of these effects can contribute to metabolic disruption. Tinkov et al. Fac Rev.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Associations among perfluorooctanesulfonic/perfluorooctanoic acid levels, nuclear receptor gene polymorphisms, and lipid levels in pregnant women in the Hokkaido study Found that interactions between maternal PFOS levels and some genes may affect maternal fatty acid levels in pregnant women (Japan). Kobayashi et al. Sci Rep. Environmental exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy, maternal glucose homeostasis and the risk of gestational diabetes: A prospective cohort study Exposure to PFAS was associated with higher blood glucose levels in pregnancy and an increased risk of gestational diabetes, especially in normal weight women (China). Yu et al. Environ Int.  Exposure to novel and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and associations with type 2 diabetes: A case-control study in East China Most PFASs were inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes, but  in the control group, PFOA was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose levels. Higher levels of PFNA, PFUnDA, and Cl-PFESA were associated with higher total cholesterol and these plus PFOS with higher LDL cholesterol. Han et al. Environ Int.  Serum concentrations of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of type 2 diabetes: A case-control study Exposure to PFHxS and PFHpA had an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship with type 2 diabetes risk, with the highest risk at middle exposure levels. Most other PFASs were inversely associated with risk of type 2, especially at higher exposure levels (China). Duan et al. Sci Total Environ. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and body size and composition trajectories in midlife women: the study of women's health across the nation 1999-2018 Certain PFAS were positively associated with greater body size and body fat, and higher rates of change over time (U.S.). Ding et al. Int J Obes (Lond). The relationship between chronic arsenic exposure and body measures among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016 Found a strong inverse relationship between body measures (BMI, waist circumference) and daily excretion of all urinary arsenic metabolites except dimethylarsinic acid, which had a positive relationship with BMI up to 4.26 μg/L/day, and an inverse relationship beyond that. Warwick et al. J Trace Elem Med Biol. Relationship of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children and Adolescents Concentrations of phthalate metabolites had a significant relationship with systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, and insulin resistance (Iran). Hashemi et al. J Environ Public Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Polystyrene microplastics-induced ROS overproduction disrupts the skeletal muscle regeneration by converting myoblasts into adipocytes In mice, microplastic exposure promoted fat cell differentiation and interfered with muscle cells. Shengchen et al. J Hazard Mater. Maternal exposure of mice to sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate causes endocrine disruption in both dams and offspring Exposure to OBS, a type of PFAS, increased total and LDL cholesterol levels in dams and male offspring, and lowered HDL levels in male offspring. Wang et al. Endocr J. Cr (VI) induces abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism through ROS/Nrf2 signaling Hexavalent chromium induced abnormal liver function, increased fasting blood glucose, as well as glucose and insulin intolerance in mice, and more. Li et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.  Oleuropein attenuates the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-perturbing effects on pancreatic β-cells Oleuropein, a phenolic compound found in olives, prevents pancreatic beta cell impairment caused by dioxin. Choi et al. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. Tamoxifen treatment in the neonatal period affects glucose homeostasis in adult mice in a sex-dependent manner Neonatal treatment with the pharmaceutical tamoxifen caused females to have increased fat mass, increased food intake, decreased physical activity and decreased energy expenditure, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, and fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, exposed male mice exhibited a modest amelioration of glucose and insulin tolerance, and long-term decreased lean mass and decreased bone weight. Estrada-Meza et al. Endocrinology. Type 1 Diabetes Bisphenol A as a Factor in the Mosaic of Autoimmunity This review finds that BPA has been found to affect the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmunity, and that BPA has been found to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. Lazurova et al. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Relationships between emissions of toxic airborne molecules and type 1 diabetes incidence in children: An ecologic study This study of 19 European countries found that those with higher nationwide emissions of particulate matter (PM10), volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides (but not SO2 or ammonia) had higher type 1 diabetes incidence. Di Ciaula and Portincasa, World J Diabetes.  Events Webinar: DDT Exposure in Grandmothers Linked to Obesity, Earlier Periods in Granddaughters: New Meaning of “Persistence” for an Environmental Chemical Banned 50 Years Ago June 9, 1pm EDT Featuring Barbara A. Cohn, PhD, Director of the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS), who will discuss her new research, which is the first to show a 3 generation effect for a pesticide in humans. Sponsored by the EDC Strategies Partnership.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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That's it! Short newsletter this week!  Reviews A pathway level analysis of PFAS exposure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus Reviews the literature on PFAS exposure and gestational diabetes development. and argues that PFAS dysregulation of maternal thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) may disrupt glucose homeostasis, increasing the risk of gestational diabetes. Birru et al. Environ Health. Nontraditional Risk Factors for Obesity in Modern Society Reviews the role of artificial lighting, air pollution, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and reduced exposure to green spaces in obesity. Han and Lee, J Obes Metab Syndr.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Association of persistent organic pollutants with sensorimotor neuropathy in participants with and without diabetes or prediabetes: Results from the population-based KORA FF4 study Low-dose concentrations of POPs were not associated with increased odds of having distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (a type of neuropathy common in people with diabetes) in people with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose tolerance; if anything, there was a decreased risk (Germany). Schwarz et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Reviews To which extent are per-and poly-fluorinated substances associated to metabolic syndrome? Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the current (but small) body of evidence does not support an association between PFAS and metabolic syndrome. Zare Jeddi et al. Rev Environ Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Adipose tissue cadmium concentrations as a potential risk factor for insulin resistance and future type 2 diabetes mellitus in GraMo adult cohort Found evidence that cadmium exposure, particularly from tobacco smoking, could be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (Spain). Salcedo-Bellido et al. Sci Total Environ. Interactions among thyroid hormones and serum lipid levels in association with PCB exposure in the Mohawk Akwesasne population Found only small and inconsistent associations between serum PCB levels and thyroid function. Bella et al. Environ Res. Serum lipids mediate the relationship of multiple polyaromatic hydrocarbons on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based study. PAH levels were associated with NAFLD (U.S.). Hu et al. Sci Total Environ. Prenatal exposures to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals and children's weight trajectory up to age 5.5 in the SELMA study Prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures was associated with lower birthweight and altered infant weight gain trajectories (Sweden). Svensson et al. Sci Rep. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Exposure to a low concentration of mixed organochlorine pesticides impairs glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in L6 myotubes and zebrafish. Exposure to the organochlorine mixture, even at the lowest concentration, perturbed glucose uptake, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Park et al. J Hazard Mater.  Host Metabolic Disorders Induced by Alterations in Intestinal Flora under Dietary Pesticide Exposure Interventions with fructooligosaccharides and fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated the metabolic disorders caused by pesticide exposure, thus confirming that the intestinal flora mediates the effects of pesticide exposure on host metabolism. Liu et al. J Agric Food Chem.  Air Pollution Reduced Ambient PM2.5, Better Plasma Glucose Level, and Decreased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study An improvement in PM2.5 air quality is associated with a better level of fasting glucose and a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes development (Taiwan). Bo et al. Am J Epidemiol.

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Including a lab study on BPS and type 1 diabetes: 

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Chemicals and the Gut Reviews Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review Exposure to numerous EDCs might play a crucial role in NAFLD initiation and development. Cano et al. Int J Mol Sci.  Early Life Exposure to Food Contaminants and Social Stress as Risk Factor for Metabolic Disorders Occurrence?-An Overview This overview examines the impact of early life adverse events focusing on exposures to the food contaminants BPA and phthalates as well as social stress on weight gain and type 2 diabetes in the offspring. There is evidence of a link between early life-induced intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, epigenetic modifications, and the occurrence of later-life metabolic disorders. Guzylack-Piriou and Ménard, Biomolecules.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Early-life associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and serum lipids in a longitudinal birth cohort In the Faroe Islands, PFAS concentrations (PFDA, PFNA, and PFOS) at ages five and nine were associated with higher total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels at age nine. Girls had stronger positive associations between PFASs and total/LDL cholesterol levels, and boys had stronger positive associations with HDL Blomberg et al. Environ Res. Associations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PFAS mixtures with adipokines in midlife women Some PFAS may alter circulating levels of leptin. Ding et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins, Curry Consumption, and Heavy Metal Levels on Metabolic Syndrome with Comorbidities: A Korean Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study Serum levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd were significantly higher in people with metabolic syndrome, and this risk was reduced when curry and vitamin B1 and C intakes were higher. Duc et al. Antioxidants (Basel). Lipid metabolism disorders associated with dioxin exposure in a cohort of Chinese male workers revealed by a comprehensive lipidomics study Dioxin exposure was linked to changes in lipid levels, including triglycerides. Liang et al. Environ Int.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

BPA, BPAF and TMBPF Alter Adipogenesis and Fat Accumulation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, with Implications for Obesity Low, environmentally relevant levels of BPA and BPAF increased adipogenesis and lipid production in differentiated cells, whereas higher levels of BPA and BPAF decreased adipogenesis. All tested doses of TMBPF reduced adipogenesis and lipid production, likely at least partially through toxic effects on stem cells. Cohen et al. Int J Mol Sci. Behavioral changes and hyperglycemia in NODEF mice following bisphenol S exposure are affected by diets To examine the impact of diet in BPS-treated mice in relation to hyperglycemia, development of type 1 diabetes, immunomodulation, and behavioral changes, adult male and female non-obese diabetic excluded flora (NODEF) mice were exposed to environmentally relevant doses of BPS and fed either a soy-based diet, a phytoestrogen-free diet, or a Western diet. BPS-exposed NODEF mice exhibited sex and diet-related changes in hyperglycemia, behaviors, and immune endpoints. McDonough et al. Neurotoxicology. [This is the first study I've seen on BPS and type 1 diabetes] New insights into bisphenols induced obesity in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Activation of cannabinoid receptor CB1 Exposure to BPA and TBBPA at concentrations commonly found in the environment led to obesity, increased appetite, and lipid accumulation in the liver in adult male zebrafish by activating cannabinoid receptor type 1(CB1). Tian et al. J Hazard Mater. Probiotic reduced the impact of phthalates and bisphenol A mixture on type 2 diabetes mellitus development: merging bioinformatics with in vivo analysis A mixture of DEHP, DBP and BPA was linked to markers of type 2 diabetes in rats, and probiotics reduced these effects. Baralić et al. Food Chem Toxicol.  Air Pollution Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and early infant growth and adiposity in the Southern California Mother's Milk Study In this group of Hispanic infants from Southern California, prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased weight gain and anthropometric measures from 1-to-6 months of life. Patterson et al. Environ Health. Combustion-derived particulate organic matter associated with hemodynamic abnormality and metabolic dysfunction in healthy adults In healthy adults in Beijing, China, increases in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were associated with significant elevations of diastolic blood pressure, insulin, and inflammation, worsening insulin resistance. Xu et al. J Hazard Mater.  Chemicals and the Gut Toxicology and Microbiota: How Do Pesticides Influence Gut Microbiota? A Review Reviews the influence of pesticide exposure on the gut microbiota, discussing the factors influencing gut microbial diversity. Giambò et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Bisphenol A impairs cognitive function and 5-HT metabolism in adult male mice by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis BPA exposure affected the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in male mice and reduced the tight junctions in the colon, resulting in dysfunction of the gut barrier. Ni et al. Chemosphere. Programming of intestinal homeostasis in male rat offspring after maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or to a high fat diet. Maternal exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos slowed down fetal and postnatal weight gain and induced modifications of tight junctions without inducing an increase in epithelial permeability or inflammation. Guibourdenche et al. Sci Rep. Next Generation Probiotics for Neutralizing Obesogenic Effects: Taxa Culturing Searching Strategies Reviews how probiotics could help counteract the effect of obesogens. López-Moreno et al. Nutrients.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Reviews Key Characteristics of Human Hepatotoxicants as a Basis for Identification and Characterization of the Causes of Liver Toxicity The newest release of the "Key Characteristics" approach, this paper describes the methods by which key characteristics of human liver toxicants were identified and provides examples for how they could be used to systematically identify, organize and utilize mechanistic data when identifying liver toxicants. Rusyn et al. Hepatology.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Are people with metabolically healthy obesity really healthy? A prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants [This isn't on environmental chemicals but it is an important study] People with obesity and a normal metabolic profile are sometimes referred to as having 'metabolically healthy obesity,' but this study finds that about a quarter of them became metabolically unhealthy within 3-5 years. Zhou et al. Diabetologia. Also see this related article in Medpage Today, 'Metabolically Healthy' Obesity Linked With Poorer Health Outcomes. Exposure to phthalates and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese with type 2 diabetes Phthalate exposure was positively associated with CVD in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes, especially in those currently smoking, with an uncontrolled lipid profile, and who are not using statins. Zhang et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Early pregnancy essential and non-essential metal mixtures and gestational glucose concentrations in the 2nd trimester: Results from Project Viva Early pregnancy barium and mercury concentrations were associated with altered post-meal glucose concentrations in later pregnancy (barium with higher glucose and mercury with lower), with potential interactions between barium and lead (U.S.). Zheng et al. Environ Int. Effects of single and combined gestational phthalate exposure on blood pressure, blood glucose and gestational weight gain: A longitudinal analysis In Chinese pregnant women, exposure to various individual phthalates or phthalate metabolites during the first trimester of pregnancy elevated blood pressure and fasting blood glucose levels in the third trimester and body weight gain throughout pregnancy. However, some phthalate metabolites had the opposite effect as the original phthalates. Higher exposure to the overall phthalate mixture in the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, higher weight gain during pregnancy, higher fasting blood glucose levels, and higher blood pressure as well. Gao et al. Environ Int.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Tributyltin and high-refined carbohydrate diet lead to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities, exacerbating premature ovary failure features in the female rats Rats exposed to the obesogen TBT and a high-carb diet had increased adiposity, abnormal lipid profiles and triglyceride and glucose levels, worsening adipocyte hypertrophy, and reproductive disorders. Zanol et al. Reprod Toxicol

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Includes an animal study on type 1 and air pollution--

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Air Pollution Chemicals and the Gut

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Exposure to isomers of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances increases the risk of diabetes and impairs glucose-homeostasis in Chinese adults: Isomers of C8 health project In Chinese adults, higher PFAS isomer levels were associated with higher fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance, as well as a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in women. Zeeshan et al. Chemosphere. Exposure to a mixture of metals and growth indicators in 6-11-year-old children from the 2013-16 NHANES Pb and Mn showed opposite directions of associations with all outcome measured, where Pb was inversely associated with anthropometry. For body mass index and waist circumference, the effect estimates for Pb and Mn appeared stronger at high and low concentrations of the other metals of the mixture, respectively (U.S.). Signes-Pastor et al. Expo Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Developmental exposure to a POPs mixture or PFOS increased body weight and reduced swimming ability but had no effect on reproduction or behavior in zebrafish adults Developmental exposure of zebrafish to a mixture of 29 POPs or PFOS at levels found in humans caused increased length and weight, among other effects. Christou et al. Aquat Toxicol. The possible effects of mono butyl phthalate (MBP) and mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on INS-1 pancreatic beta cells All of the conducted experiments showed that MBP and MEHP have moderate cytotoxicity on beta cells, with a time-dependent increase in effectiveness. Karabulut and Barlas, Toxicol Res (Camb). Exposure to the herbicide butachlor activates hepatic stress signals and disturbs lipid metabolism in mice Butachlor induces hepatotoxic effects through disruption of lipid metabolism, abnormal mechanisms of autophagy, and apoptosis. Yang et al. Chemosphere. Effects of arsenic and heavy metals on metabolic pathways in cells of human origin: Similarities and differences Among the metals and metalloids examined, arsenic appears to have relatively more influences on cellular metabolic pathways, including those known to have associations with diabetes. Fatema et al. Toxicol Rep. Air Pollution Ambient PM gross β-activity and glucose levels during pregnancy In Boston pregnant women, higher levels of particulate matter radioactivity were associated with higher glucose levels in the second trimester, consistent with a prior study on this aspect of air pollution. Wang et al. Environ Health. Joint effects of ambient air pollution and maternal smoking on neonatal adiposity and childhood BMI trajectories in the Healthy Start study The rate of BMI growth among offspring jointly exposed to maternal smoking and high PM2.5 in the third trimester was more rapid than would be expected due to the individual exposures alone (Colorado). Moore et al. Environ Epidemiol. PM 2.5 promotes β cell damage by increasing inflammatory factors in mice with streptozotocin To examine the effects of air pollution on mice with type 1 diabetes, the mice were housed under filtered air or PM2.5 for 12 weeks and then received an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 1. After STZ injection, fasting glucose levels were higher in mice pre-exposed to PM2.5 compared with those pre-exposed to filtered air, impaired glucose tolerance and inflammation was higher in those exposed to air pollution, and insulin secretion was lower. Zhang et al. Exp Ther Med.

Chemicals and the Gut

Dietary nanoparticles alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota in mice at dose levels relevant for human exposure Long-term oral exposure to dietary nanoparticles at doses relevant for estimated human intake disrupts gut microbiota composition and function, but did not cause glucose intolerance or other deleterious metabolic outcomes. Perez et al. Food Chem Toxicol.  Antagonistic interaction between perfluorobutanesulfonate and probiotic on lipid and glucose metabolisms in the liver of zebrafish In zebrafish, perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) disturbed lipid metabolism, increased blood glucose levels (by 2.5-fold relative to the controls), and decreased glucagon levels in the liver of females, while probiotics counteracted these effects. Liu et al. Aquat Toxicol.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Type 1 Diabetes

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Dietary exposure to parabens and body mass index in an adolescent Spanish population Overweight/obese girls were more likely to have a higher dietary intake of parabens. Monteagudo et al. Environ Res. The relationship between dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants from fish consumption and type 2 diabetes among First Nations in Canada Dietary exposure to DDE and PCBs was positively associated with type 2 diabetes, especially in women and older individuals. Marushka et al. Can J Public Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Magnesium lithospermate B supplementation improved prenatal Bisphenol A exposure-induced metabolic abnormalities in male offspring Rats exposed to BPA in the womb developed obesity and adiposity, high blood sugar and insulin levels, insulin resistance, high triglycerides, and higher glucagon and free fatty acid levels. These effects were improved by Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB), an active compound of Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen/red sage). Huang et al. Environ Toxicol. Type 1 Diabetes Intestinal permeability in type 1 diabetes: An updated comprehensive overview Reviewing both human and animal/laboratory data, finds that there is consistency pointing towards increased intestinal permeability in type 1 diabetes. Mønsted et al. J Autoimmun.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

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Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Air Pollution Chemicals and the Gut

Type 1 Diabetes Reviews

The Role of the Bisphenol A in Diabetes and Obesity This review concludes that BPA exposure is a risk factor for the development of diabetes and obesity. Pérez-Bermejo et al. Biomedicines. The contribution of structural racism to metabolic health disparities in the USA Comment in Lancet Diab Endo by Sherita Hill Golden.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Associations between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and body fat evaluated by DXA and MRI in 109 adolescent boys Overall, found no consistent associations between PFAS exposure and body fat, although PFOS was negatively associated with abdominal fat, android fat, android/gynoid ratio, and total body fat (Denmark). Thomsen et al. Environ Health. Placental Glucose Transporters and Response to Bisphenol A in Pregnancies from of Normal and Overweight Mothers Placental tissue from overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) pregnant women were exposed to BPA and examined for glucose type transporter (GLUT) expression, which plays a role in supplying nutrients and energy to the fetus. While no differences in GLUTs expression were detected between NW and OW placentae, differences were observed in cultured placental explants and in response to BPA. In particular, GLUT1 was increased in BPA-treated NW explants and decreased in OW ones. GLUT4 was lower in OW than in NW villous explants and was not regulated by BPA (Italy). Ermini et al. Int J Mol Sci. Joint effect of urinary arsenic species and serum one-carbon metabolism nutrients on gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study of Chinese pregnant women Pregnant women with higher urinary arsenite (As3+) and total arsenic with lower serum vitamin B12 were more likely to have higher odds of gestational diabetes. There was also a positive relationship between urinary arsenite and gestational diabetes, but a negative relationship between arsenate (As5+) and gestational diabetes. Zhang et al. Environ Int. Association of maternal exposure to bisphenol A with her β-hCG level and neonatal anthropometric measures Found no associations (Iran). Amin et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Racial and Sex Differences between Urinary Phthalates and Metabolic Syndrome among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005-2014 In white women only, higher MCOP levels were associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome while MEHP with a lower risk. In white men only, ΣDEHP metabolites were associated with an increased risk, and in Black men only, MEP was linked to a lower risk. Ghosh et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.  Urinary Phthalate Levels Associated with the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012-2014 Higher levels of urinary phthalates are associated with an increased prevalence of NAFLD in Korean adults. Yang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Association between Blood Mercury Levels and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Non-Obese Populations: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2012-2014 Blood mercury levels were positively associated with NAFLD in both the overweight and non-obese groups. Yang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Alternatives for the worse: Molecular insights into adverse effects of bisphenol a and substitutes during human adipocyte differentiation Not only BPA but also four of its substitutes disrupt crucial metabolic functions and insulin signaling in fat cells under low, environmentally relevant concentrations. Schaffert et al. Environ Int.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development in Zebrafish upon Exposure to Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate, a Novel Brominated Flame Retardant

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), a novel brominated flame retardant, amplified the disruption of lipid homeostasis in zebrafish, enhancing diet-induced NAFLD progression. Guo et al. Environ Sci Technol. Polystyrene nanoplastics dysregulate lipid metabolism in murine macrophages in vitro Polystyrene nanoplastics can be potent stimuli for lipotoxicity and foam cell formation leading to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Florance et al. Toxicology. Hypothalamic Expression of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Pro-OpioMelanoCortin (POMC) in Adult Male Mice Is Affected by Chronic Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors In mice, adult exposure to different EDCs [BPA, TBT, DES] altered the hypothalamic circuits that control food intake and energy metabolism. Marraudino et al. Metabolites. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit Obesity Caused by Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A in Female Offspring Rats Perinatal exposure to BPA led to weight gain, lipid accumulation, high levels of blood lipids, and deterioration of intestinal microbiota in female offspring rats. Supplementation with resveratrol butyrate esters reduced the weight gain and lipid accumulation caused by BPA, optimized the levels of blood lipids, and improved the gut microbiota. Shih et al. Molecules. Prenatal Exposure to BPA: The Effects on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Male and Female Rat Fetuses In the liver of female (not male) rat fetuses, in utero exposure to very low doses of BPA causes significant modulations in proteins involved in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. Tonini et al. Nutrients. Effects of Flutriafol Fungicide on the Lipid Accumulation in Human Liver Cells and Rat Liver In rats, flutriafol exposure induced fatty infiltration in the liver by impairing liver metabolism and inducing apoptosis. Kwon et al. Foods. PXR-mediated organophorous flame retardant tricresyl phosphate effects on lipid homeostasis Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) exposure caused lipid accumulation in liver cells. Xiang and Wang, Chemosphere. Air Pollution A Co-Twin control study of fine particulate matter and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors In this twin study of Vietnam veterans, a higher exposure to PM2.5 was overall associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, but there was no association comparing twins who differed in exposure to PM2.5. Zhang et al. Environ Res. Portable HEPA filter air cleaner use during pregnancy and children's body mass index at two years of age: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial This single-blind, parallel group randomized controlled trial in Mongolia randomly assigned 540 pregnant women to receive high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaners or no air cleaners. At age 2, the mean BMI of children who were randomly assigned to the intervention group was lower than children in the control group, and they had a reduced risk of overweight/obesity. Tamana et al .Environ Int. Long-term impacts of ambient fine particulate matter exposure on overweight or obesity in Chinese adults: The China-PAR project This large study found that each 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 was associated with 0.421 kg/m2 and 13.5% increased BMI and overweight/obesity risk, respectively. The exposure-response curve suggested a non-linear relationship between PM2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity, and the association was modified by age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia status. Huang et al. Environ Res. PM 2.5 and Diabetes in the Japanese Population Higher long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Lee and Ohde, Int J Environ Res Public Health.

Chemicals and the Gut

Food Contaminants Effects on an In Vitro Model of Human Intestinal Epithelium Various pesticides may alter gut barrier function. Guibourdenche et al. Toxics. Probiotic intervention mitigates the metabolic disturbances of perfluorobutanesulfonate along the gut-liver axis of zebrafish PFBS exposure decreased nutrient reserves, especially the lipid content, induced gut microbial dysbiosis, and affected the liver, which were all alleviated by the probiotic administration. Intestinal mucus secretion was promoted by the probiotic, which enhanced epithelial protection against PFBS damage. Hu et al. Chemosphere. Type 1 Diabetes Epigenetic Changes Induced by Maternal Factors during Fetal Life: Implication for Type 1 Diabetes This review provides an overview of the critical role of DNA methylation changes induced by prenatal maternal conditions contributing to the increased risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Barchetta et al. Genes (Basel). Mark Atkinson: bringing two worlds together "Mark Atkinson has two careers, one scientific, the other humanitarian. As he puts it, “For years, I've been sitting at the University of Florida, trying to find ways to prevent and reverse type 1 diabetes in the future, but my heart is also drawn to helping people in the developing world now.” In both of these endeavours, he has had extraordinary success." by Carl Power, Lancet Diab Endo.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Reviews Why is elevation of serum cholesterol associated with exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans? A workshop report on potential mechanisms Summarizes an expert workshop held Oct 31 and Nov 1, 2019 to discuss relevant data and propose new studies. Andersen et al. Toxicology. Perinatal effects of persistent organic pollutants on thyroid hormone concentration in placenta and breastmilk Reviews studies concerning the association between thyroid hormone concentration and POP levels measured during the perinatal period, and their relation to body composition. De Angelis and Schramm, Mol Aspects Med. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis No significant associations were found between pregnancy PFAS exposure and gestational diabetes or low birth weight, but many associations were found for other health effects. Gao et al. Environ Res. Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and one phthalate substitute with anthropometric measures in early life: Results from the German LIFE Child cohort study High molecular weight phthalates were inversely associated with birth weight in girls but not in boys. Nidens et al. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

In vitro effect of DDE exposure on the regulation of B-TC-6 pancreatic Beta Cell insulin secretion: a potential role in Beta Cell dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus DDE exposure significantly increased insulin secretion from beta cells. Ward et al. Toxicol Mech Methods. MEHP induces pyroptosis and autophagy alternation by cathepsin B activation in INS-1 cells The DEHP metabolite MEHP decreases the cell viability of beta cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Jiang et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Perfluorooctanoic acid induces liver and serum dyslipidemia in humanized PPARα mice fed an American diet PFOA affected triglyceride levels in these mice. Schlezinger et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Air Pollution Association of PM 2.5 with Insulin Resistance Signaling Pathways on a Microfluidic Liver-Kidney Microphysiological System (LK-MPS) Device Used a fancy new device to figure out how particulate matter can cause insulin resistance. Duan et al. Anal Chem.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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[Sarah Howard]

Note: starting next week I'll be sending this out on Wednesdays instead of Tuesdays, FYI.

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Chemicals and the Gut

Reviews Inappropriately Sweet: Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the diabetes pandemic "Burgeoning data from cell-based, animal, population, and even clinical studies now indicate that a variety of structurally distinct EDCs of both natural and synthetic origin have the capacity to alter insulin secretion and action as well as global glucose homeostasis" Schulz and Sargis, Adv Pharm. Also see this related article in Environmental Health News, Endocrine disrupting chemicals are an “under-appreciated” diabetes risk factor, by Elizabeth Gribkoff. The association between environmental exposures to chlordanes, adiposity and diabetes-related features: a systematic review and meta-analysis Among adults, the odds of having diabetes significantly increase with increasing levels of chlordanes. The data did not allow to reach a clear conclusion regarding the association with adiposity. Mendes et al. Sci Rep.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Associations of plasma metal concentrations with incident dyslipidemia: Prospective findings from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort Elevated plasma aluminum, arsenic, strontium, and vanadium concentrations were associated with a higher incidence of dyslipidemia (China). Jiang et al. Chemosphere.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit Obesity Caused by Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A in Female Offspring Rats

Resveratrol butyrate esters (RBE) are derivatives of resveratrol (RSV) and butyric acid and exhibit biological activity similar to that of RSV but with higher bioavailability. RBE can suppress BPA-induced obesity in female offspring rats, and has excellent modulatory activity on intestinal microbiota. Shih et al. Molecules. Obesogenic and developmental effects of TBT on the gene expression of juvenile Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) Found obesogenic effects and developmental toxicity of TBT to juvenile Japanese medaka. Chen et al. Aquat Toxicol. An eight-compound mixture but not corresponding concentrations of individual chemicals induces triglyceride accumulation in human liver cells ... And each chemical was below its individual effect concentration. Lichtenstein et al. Toxicology. Cadmium exposure induces cardiac glucometabolic dysregulation and lipid accumulation independent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity Cadmium lead to lower insulin and higher total cholesterol/triglyceride levels in rats. Oluranti et al. Ann Med. Air Pollution Prenatal air pollution exposure to diesel exhaust induces cardiometabolic disorders in adulthood in a sex-specific manner In rabbits. Rousseau-Ralliard et al. Environ Res. Air pollution and metabolic syndrome risk: Evidence from nine observational studies Although exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, or NO2 was not found to have a significant association with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, the statistical significance of the relationship was borderline, and metabolic syndrome incidence in older men increased dramatically with increasing PM2.5. Zang et al. Environ Res. Chemicals and the Gut Impacts of PBDE-47 exposure before, during and after pregnancy on the maternal gut microbiome and its association with host metabolism Maternal exposure to PBDE-47 showed a distinct profile in gut microbiota compared to control rat dams, and global metabolomics analysis identified 26 differential serum metabolites to distinguish PBDE-47 from controls, which were mainly involved in amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Gao et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Effects of cadmium on organ function, gut microbiota and its metabolomics profile in adolescent rats Cd exposure during adolescence disturbed the gut microbiota and increased triglyceride levels in rats. Yang et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Chemicals and the Gut Reviews

Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review Finds that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, with conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. Pinos et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.  Do perfluoroalkyl substances aggravate the occurrence of obesity-associated glucolipid metabolic disease? PFASs are aggravating the occurrence of obesity-associated diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease. Liu et al. Environ Res. Effect of Maternal Triclosan Exposure on Neonatal Birth Weight and Children Triclosan Exposure on Children's BMI: A Meta-Analysis This meta-analysis found that there was no significant association between maternal triclosan levels and neonatal birth weight, nor between children's urinary triclosan levels and their BMI. Liu et al. Front Public Health.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Associations between endocrine-disrupting heavy metals in maternal hair and gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study in China Pregnant women with gestational diabetes had higher levels of mercury and tin in their hair than those without diabetes. Jia et al. Environ Int.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure exacerbates metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice Obese mice treated with environmentally-relevant levels of DEHP exhibited higher glucose intolerance and insulin resistance than unexposed obese mice, among other effects; the DEHP effects were not observed in lean mice. Hsu et al. Food Chem Toxicol. Modulation of PPAR signaling disrupts pancreas development in the zebrafish, Danio rerio Venezia et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Peripubertal Bisphenol A Exposure Imparts Detrimental Age-Related Changes in Body Composition, Cognition, and H 2 S Production Capacities In mice, exposure to low and high doses of BPA around the time of puberty increased fat mass and decreased thyroid hormone levels later in life, among other things. Yang et al. Antioxid Redox Signal.  Air Pollution Particle-bound PAHs induced glucose metabolism disorders through HIF-1 pathway Wu et al. Sci Total Environ.

Chemicals and the Gut

Lactic acid bacteria alleviate liver damage caused by perfluorooctanoic acid exposure via antioxidant capacity, biosorption capacity and gut microbiota regulation Lactic acid bacteria could help alleviate PFOA liver toxicity caused by PFOA by adjusting the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid content. Shi et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2021 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

[Sarah Howard]

The next update will be in mid-August due to vacation.

see the article on BPA and type 1! finally some research on that topic, we need more!

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Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Chemicals and the Gut Type 1 Diabetes

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Placental Glucose Transporters and Response to Bisphenol A in Pregnancies from of Normal and Overweight Mothers

In the womb, sugar is transported from the maternal to the fetal blood via glucose transporters (GLUTs). This study found that while no differences in GLUTs were detected between placentae from normal weight vs overweight mothers, there were differences in response to BPA. The placental response to BPA in overweight mothers resulted in a reduction in GLUT1 levels. Given the importance of glucose as a major source of nutrients and energy for the fetus, a worsening of its transport across the placenta could be detrimental to the fetal growth and development. Ermini et al. Int J Mol Sci. Low‑Level Environmental Heavy Metals are Associated with Obesity Among Postmenopausal Women in a Southern State Significant positive associations were observed in postmenopausal Arkansas women for both arsenic and cadmium concentrations. There was no relationship with obesity was evident among premenopausal women for either metal. Stahr et al. Expo Health. Diabetes control is associated with environmental quality in the USA Diabetes control is worse in areas of low environmental quality; improvements in environmental quality mediated by larger scale policy and practice interventions may improve glycemic control and reduce the morbidity and mortality arising from hyperglycemia. Jagai et al. Endocr Connect. Association between gestational PFAS exposure and children's adiposity in a diverse population Among women without obesity, greater PFUnDA was associated with their children having higher waist circumference, fat mass, and % body fat. Among women without obesity, the associations of PFAS and their children's adiposity varied significantly by race/ethnicity. However, among the children of women with obesity, greater PFOS, PFNA, and PFDA concentrations were associated with lower adiposity. Bloom et al. Environ Res. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies A Data-Driven Transcriptional Taxonomy of Adipogenic Chemicals to Identify White and Brite Adipogens Used lipid accumulation and RNA-Seq data to develop a classification system that identified PPARγ agonists and sorted chemicals into likely white or brite adipogens. Kim et al. EHP. An adverse outcome pathway based in vitro characterization of novel flame retardants-induced hepatic steatosis Used an in vitro bioassay toolbox to assess the key events (KEs) in the proposed adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for hepatic steatosis, and identified several flame retardants (TMPP, EHDPP, TPHP, and TDCIPP) as potential risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Negi et al. Environ Pollut.

Chemicals and the Gut

Probiotics and gut microbiome - Prospects and challenges in remediating heavy metal toxicity This review summarizes the effect of heavy metals in altering the gut microbiome, the mechanism by which gut microbiota detoxifies heavy metals, diseases developed due to heavy metal-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, the usage of probiotics, and advancements in developing improved probiotic strains for the remediation of heavy metal toxicity. Arun et al. J Hazard Mater.  Maternal exposure to sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate during pregnancy and lactation disrupts intestinal barrier and may cause obstacles to the nutrient transport and metabolism in F0 and F1 generations of mice In mice, developmental exposure to sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), a novel kind of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compound, affected the intestinal barrier function (including mucus and inflammation) of both exposed dams and offspring. Wang et al. Sci Total Environ.  Type 1 Diabetes Increased Bisphenol A (BPA) Levels in Thai Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus This cross-sectional study found that children with type 1 diabetes had significantly higher median levels of adjusted urinary BPA compared to the controls. Tosirisuk et al Pediatr Int. [This is only the second human study done on BPA and type 1 diabetes that I know of, the other, from Turkey, found higher levels in children with type 1 but the difference was not statistically significant. Animal studies do show that BPA can have effects linked to type 1 diabetes, so it would be valuable to have more human studies...]

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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