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CHE Diabetes and Obesity News
and Updates
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Reviews
Highlights the significant differences in endocrine and metabolic aspects of the liver between males and females throughout development and into adulthood, and how the male and female liver differently cope with exposure to various EDCs such as bisphenols, phthalates and persistent organic chemicals. Le Magueresse-Battistoni, Chemosphere.
"There is emerging evidence that paternal risk factors, such as paternal obesity, diabetes mellitus, nutritional habits, advanced age and exposure to environmental chemicals or cigarette smoke, are clearly associated with adverse effects in metabolic and cardiovascular health in their offspring." Eberle et al. PLoS One.
Includes evidence on metabolic diseases, among others. Martínez-Ibarra et al. Environ Pollut.
This review addresses the impact of maternal and fetal exposure to environmental EDCs in disrupting the maternal-fetal milieu, leading to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes - a risk factor for adult onset non-communicable diseases, the role lifestyle and environmental factors play in mitigating or amplifying the effects of EDCs, the underlying mechanisms involved, and research directions for the future. Padmanabhan et al. Endocr Rev.
Argues that "studying the effects of plastic additives through a single-compound approach cannot be sufficient and a holistic approach is more appropriate for evaluating the potential effects of plastics in human health." Includes discussion of metabolic diseases. Sendra et al. J Hazard Mater.
This review traces the steps through which the early toxicological studies of TCDD led to the conceptual framework for the AHR as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disease. Girer et al. Int J Mol Sci.
Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies
Analyzed the cross-sectional correlation of blood leukocyte DNA methylation with 3758 serum metabolite features (574 of which are identifiable) in 238 children (ages 8-14 years) from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. Found ten known metabolites, and then assessed associations with adiposity 3 years later. Goodrich et al. Epigenet Insights.
DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood was associated with maternal serum PFAS concentrations during pregnancy, suggesting potential associations with offspring growth, metabolism, and immune function (U.S.). Starling et al. EHP.
Found positive associations between urinary EDCs during pregnancy, especially DEHP metabolites, and gestational weight gain. The 1st trimester of pregnancy is the time window of highest susceptibility to the effects of EDCs on gestational weight gain. Tyagi et al. Environ Res.
Found significant relationships between blood lead level and systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, waist circumference, and triglyceride level; also between blood mercury level and waist measurement and triglyceride level; and between blood cadmium level and waist circumference and triglyceride levels. Park and Oh, Public Health Nurs.
The associations between PFAS concentrations and lipid profiles in pregnant women might differ by trimesters of pregnancy. In the first trimester, patterns are similar to those of non-pregnant women, while they differ late in pregnancy. Dalla Zuanna et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.
Higher organochlorine levels in groundwater were linked to higher levels in blood and an increased type 2 diabetes risk. Tyagi et al. Environ Pollut.
Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies
"This study not only provided the first evidence that TBT stimulated lipogenesis, activated PPARγ and related genes in human macrophages, but also provided insight into the mechanism of TBT-induced metabolism disturbance and obesity through targeting PPARγ via both in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal models." In other words, more evidence that TBT is an obesogen. Jie et al. Environ Pollut.
Found that early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can influence body weight later in life, but the effect is not necessarily reflected in changed gene expression in the fat tissue. Ramskov Tetzlaff et al. Toxicol Lett.
Found disease-specific epigenetic patterns that can potentially serve as epigenetic biomarkers for transgenerationally-induced prostate disease, kidney disease, obesity, and the presence of multiple diseases. Nilsson et al. Environ Epigenet.
Perinatal phthalate exposures were associated with short- and long-term activation of PPAR target genes, which manifested as increased fatty acid production in early postnatal life and increased fatty acid oxidation in adulthood in mice. Neier et al. Environ Epigenet.
Vanadium administration has a strong effect against metabolic disturbances caused by chronic cadmium exposure in rats, with an interaction on glucose homeostasis. Sarmiento-Ortega et al. Biometals.
Air Pollution
Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was associated with umbilical asprosin concentrations, a insulin-resistant inducing adipokine, in newborns (Iran). Hosseini et al. Chemosphere.
High levels of insulin resistance could aggravate the adverse metabolic impact of exposure to air pollution particles. Chen et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care.
The results of this study do not provide clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to particulate matter and type 2 diabetes. Dimakakou et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
Found that long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) before pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, and that consumption of animal foods significantly modified these associations. Hehua et al. Environ Int.
Chemicals and the Gut
Exposure to the insecticide nitenpyram during pregnancy affected the gut microbiota of offspring. Yan et al. Environ Pollut.
Type 1 Diabetes
This review provides insights into the interaction between the gut microbiome, susceptibility genes, epigenetic factors, and the immune system in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Elhag et al. Int J Mol Sci.
Virome analyses to date have demonstrated associations between enteroviruses and islet autoimmunity that may be clinically significant. Faulkner et al. Rev Med Virol.
The results suggest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) ingestion may enhance type 1 diabetes development. Seise et al. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng.
To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org
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