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CHE Diabetes and Obesity News
and Updates
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Reviews
Reviews current knowledge in the obesogen field and the existing tools developed in research laboratories using tributyltin as a model obesogen. Chamorro-Garcia and Blumberg, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). This is another article that is part of the research topic, Endocrine disruptors and metabolism, which is well worth reading in full.
While current preventive strategies for cardio-metabolic disease focus on high-risk individuals in mid-life, the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concepts offer a 'primordial' preventive strategy to reduce disease in future generations by improving fetal and infant development. Fall and Kumaran. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. This article is part of the theme issue, Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine.
Adipose tissue inflammation is considered a major contributing factor in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Woo et al. Diabetes Metab J. And, a lot of researchers are now looking into the ability of environmental chemicals to affect mitochondria.
Found that the assessment of significant associations in current epidemiological studies is impermissible due to methodological limitations and absence of inter-study consistency. Jamal et al. Environ. Res.
Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies
Higher BPA levels were associated with higher BMI, increased odds of overweight/obesity, and a greater risk of abdominal obesity. Mustieles et al. Environ Res.
Trihalomethanes, by-products of water chlorination, were not associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Gängler et al. Metabolomics.
Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies
Mancozeb exposure increased triglycerides and total cholesterol levels and decreased glucose levels (among other things), whereas withdrawal improved the lipid and glucose profiles. Yahia et al. Toxicol Ind Health.
Organophosphorus flame retardants, a replacement for brominated flame retardants, cause lipid metabolic disruption in vitro. Hao et al. Chem Res Toxicol.
Found no significant effects on glucose, glycogen, or triglyceride levels. Panetto et al. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol.
Air Pollution
Provides a blueprint for an evidence-based clinical approach to assessing and mitigating cardiovascular risk from exposure to air pollution. Hadley et al. Circulation. This is from 2018, but it seems useful for anyone, and I'm not sure if I sent it out before. If you know of other resources for clinicians, let me know, I have started a list of resources for clinicians on the Key Publications page of HEEDS.org.
Found beneficial associations between residing in places with higher greenness and blood lipid levels, especially in women and the elder individuals. The associations were partly mediated by lower air pollution and adiposity. Yang et al. Environ Pollut.
Exposure to PM10 and SO2 were positively associated with type 2 diabetes incidence, whereas O3 was negatively associated. Li et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.
Type 1 Diabetes
Although significantly associated with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes development, the risk factors analyzed by the international TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study individually contribute little to prediction. However, in combination, these factors increased prediction substantially. Krischer et al. Diabetes Care.
In a group of UK adults who developed diabetes after age 30 and were being treated with insulin, 21% met the criteria for type 1 diabetes-- but 47% of them thought they had type 2. Thomas et al. Diabetologia. (I myself developed diabetes after age 30, which was first thought to be gestational, and then type 2; finally a doctor checked for antibodies and determined it was type 1).
This placebo-controlled trial from Finland found no difference in type 1 diabetes incidence between those vaccinated and those receiving a placebo after 12-14 years of follow-up, and a lower incidence of celiac disease in those vaccinated. Hemming-Harlo et al. Infect Dis. J. (This vaccine is linked to lower rates of type 1 diabetes in Australia).
To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org
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