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CHE Diabetes and Obesity News
and Updates
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Reviews
Reviews how environmental contaminants can affect gene expressions in mammals, especially when exposed to during the developmental phases of life, leading to metabolic disorders in adulthood, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. Almeida et al. J Dev Orig Health Dis.
Reviews the mechanisms by which toxicants can influence fatty liver disease. Wahlang et al. Curr Environ Health Rep.
Includes discussion of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, immune system diseases, and many more. Konduracka, Rev Environ Health.
Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies
In two German cohorts, people who developed diabetes had higher levels of POPs at baseline, especially women and those not obese. Wolf et al. Environ. Int.
PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA concentrations were positively associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, with only PFNA reaching statistical significance. PFNA concentrations were associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity. Chen et al. Sci Total Environ.
In U.S. prediabetic adults from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), at baseline, those with higher PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA levels had higher total cholesterol levels. Over 15 years of follow-up, baseline levels of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS and PFNA, predicted higher risks of incident high cholesterol and high triglycerides, but only in the placebo group and not the lifestyle intervention group. In sum, the findings suggest adverse effects of some PFASs on lipid profiles in prediabetic adults. However, the detrimental effect was attenuated with a lifestyle intervention. Lin et al. Environ. Int.
Developed relative effect potencies (REPs) for dioxin-like compounds in relation to gestational diabetes and fasting blood glucose levels. Liu et al. Environ Sci Technol.
Of 23 metals measured, over 6 years of follow up in people with type 2 diabetes, zinc and selenium levels were associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and strontium with a higher risk (China). Long et al. Environ. Int.
In Taiwanese military personnel, higher daily intake of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was associated with higher insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Higher daily intake of benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) was associated with an increased risk of abdominal obesity. Ko et al. Environ. Res.
Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies
Females perinatally exposed to DEHP had increased body fat percent and decreased lean mass percent, while females perinatally exposed to DINP had impaired glucose tolerance. Perinatal phthalate mixture exposures were associated with few metabolic effects and were not associated with larger effects than single exposures, revealing complexities in metabolic effects of developmental phthalate mixture exposures. Neier et al. Endocrinology.
In adult rats, exposure to IPTPP had no effect on responses to glucose or insulin challenges, but serum levels of fructosamine were elevated, suggesting a slight tendency of exposed animals to be hyperglycemic. Serum levels of total and HDL cholesterol were significantly elevated in both sexes at the highest doses. Wade et al. Int J Toxicol.
DDT exposure impairs insulin signaling and thereby induces insulin resistance in muscle cells via oxidative stress. Singh et al. Int J Toxicol.
The organophosphate pesticide diazinon caused increased adipocyte size, more fat accumulation, and higher ghrelin levels in rats. Nili-Ahmadabadi et al. Pestic Biochem Physiol.
DEHP exerted toxic metabolic effects and increased insulin resistance through interfering with glucose metabolism and the insulin signaling pathway. The risks of DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity and insulin resistance in liver cells with insulin resistance were higher than that of normal liver cells. Ding et al. Toxicology.
Air Pollution
In rats, maternal exposure to fine particulate matter reduced gestation length and birth weight; increased concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids in plasma; enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver; and predisposed progeny to long-term metabolic defects in an age-, organ-, and sex-specific manner. Wu et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
This large study found that NO2 levels in the 1st trimester and PM2.5 in the 2nd trimester were associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes, while 1st trimester PM2.5 was weakly and inconsistently associated with a lower risk. Choe et al. Environ. Res.
Chemicals and the Gut
PBDEs impact intermediary metabolism in an intestinal microbiome-dependent manner, suggesting that gut dysbiosis may contribute to PBDE-mediated toxicities, including metabolic syndrome. Scoville et al. Drug Metab Dispos.
DEP affected the gut microbiota of rats, among other effects. Yang et al. Molecules.
Sodium ρ-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS), a new kind of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compound, is a surfactant for increasing oil production and an environmental contaminant. In mice, OBS accumulated in the gut and liver, causing gut barrier dysfunction and liver dysfunction. Wang et al. Environ. Int.
Type 1 Diabetes
The National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases established the Human Pancreas Analysis Program (HPAP) to procure human type 1 diabetes pancreata for an extensive array of tissue-based, cellular, and epigenetic assays aimed at critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of the local immune attack and loss of β-cells. Kaestner et al. Diabetes.
In Finnish children with a genetic risk of type 1 diabetes, meat consumption was associated with a slightly higher risk and fish consumption with a slightly lower risk of both islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes, up to age 15. Syrjälä et al. Sci. Rep.
Diabetes Incidence
Finally some good news! After an almost 20-year increase in the national prevalence and incidence of diagnosed diabetes, an 8-year period of stable prevalence and a decrease in incidence has occurred. Benoit et al. BMJ Open Diab Res and Care.
To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org
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