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CHE Diabetes and Obesity News
and Updates
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Reviews
Prenatal exposure to environmental obesogens can produce lasting effects on the exposed animals and their offspring to at least the fourth generation. Lee and Blumberg, Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.
Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies
Found that higher blood mercury levels were associated with higher type 2 diabetes prevalence. Tsai et al. Environ Int.
Gestational urinary BPA concentrations were associated with subtle increases in girl's central adiposity during early childhood (Canada). Braun et al. Environ. Res.
Exposure to the pesticide 3-PBA during childhood was positively associated with BMI in 4-year-old girls, but exposure prenatally showed no association (Korea). Lee et al. Environ. Res.
Found that higher levels of the most common pyrethoid pesticide metabolite was associated with a higher risk of diabetes. Park et al. Environ. Res.
This analysis of groundwater chemistry data from 1998/99 and fasting blood glucose outcomes measured in nearby populations approximately a decade later found no overall association of fasting blood glucose with nearby historical groundwater arsenic. This null association was not significantly modified by the historical levels of other groundwater chemicals. Ourshalimian et al. Environ Res.
In Korean adults, muconic acid (MuA) (a benzene metabolite) and MEHHP phthalate levels were positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Shim et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
Serum selenium levels were positively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in women, but only with fasting glucose and insulin resistance in men. Overall, metabolic syndrome was associated with increased selenium levels, especially in women (Taiwan). Lu et al. Nutrients.
PFAS exposures were associated with increased biomarkers of hepatocyte apoptosis, and downregulation of some aspects of the immune response, perhaps contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (U.S. C8 study). Bassler et al. Environ. Pollut.
Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies
Mixtures of flame retardants from house dust induced adipogenesis in vitro, likely involving thyroid receptor antagonism. There was a positive association between dust-induced triglyceride accumulation and residents' BMI. Kassotis et al. Sci Total Environ.
To file under "new uses of a glucose meter," this study shows that you can use a meter to test for the toxicity of sewage sludge! Mi et al. R Soc Open Sci.
The expression levels of 285, 191, and 246 genes were significantly changed in zebrafish larvae after embryos were treated with BPA, BPF, and BPS, respectively. Among the genes exhibiting altered expression, a substantial number were common to two or three exposure groups, suggesting consistent toxicity between the three bisphenols. Metabolism was the main pathway which disrupted in zebrafish larvae by bisphenols treatment. Qiu et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.
Perinatal exposure to BPA, BPF and BPAF differentially influence oxidative damage and metabolic disorders in the livers of male mouse offspring. Meng et al. Environ Pollut.
Tested the effects of mixtures of N-nitrosamines at environmentally relevant levels, when each component was combined at extremely low concentrations, i.e., a million times lower than its No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC). The exposure affected gut microbiota and increased body weight and triglyceride levels in rats. Zhu et al. Environ Pollut.
PCB-exposed stingrays failed to produce a plasma glucose increase in response to stress, even though the stressor increased liver glucose as expected, suggesting a dysfunction in glucose transport due to PCB exposure. PCB-exposure interferes with the ability of stingrays to mobilize the energy necessary to respond appropriately to acute stress. Lyons et al. Stress.
In rats, low level mercury exposure reduced white adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, plasma insulin levels, glucose tolerance, and antioxidant defenses, and increased plasma glucose and triglyceride levels. Rizzetti et al. Toxicology.
Diet and the Gut
Levels of various persistent organic pollutants (including PCBs, PBDEs, and PFASs) in breastmilk were were associated with less microbiome diversity and with microbiome functionality in infants. Iszatt et al. Microbiome.
Type 1 Diabetes and the Immune System
Exposure to BPA increased type 1 diabetes risk in juvenile females with gut microbiota shifted towards pro-inflammation. Adult females had a trend of increased diabetes and a general increase in immune responses. However, female offspring had a reduced diabetes development and a shift towards anti-inflammation. BPA had minimal effects on immunity and diabetes in male offspring. Xu et al. Arch Toxicol.
Found no increased risk for development of type 1 diabetes in the 10 years following HPV vaccination (California). Klein et al. Vaccine.
Immune cells have AhRs by which they are activated for physiological (immunity) or non-physiological (allergy and autoimmunity) processes. They can be imprinted by hormones or environmental endocrine disruptors, which could provoke pathological alterations for life. Csaba, Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung.
To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org
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