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CHE Diabetes and Obesity News
and Updates
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Reviews
This systematic review and two meta-analyses of 13 epidemiological studies evaluated bidirectional associations, including exposure effect by obesity and obesity risk by exposure. It found that the relatively high-exposed group had a significantly higher risk of childhood obesity than the relatively low-exposed group. However, the obese group showed no significant difference in the BPA concentration when compared to the normal group, suggesting possible causality between BPA exposure and childhood obesity. Kim et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies
In a meta-analysis of the data from two European cohort studies, in people with type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI) was significantly associated with urine BPA detection. Exposure to chlorinated derivatives of BPA (ClxBPA) was very strongly associated with MI in one cohort but not the other. Whether these results may be explained by different water chlorination processes in France and Germany, resulting in different ClxBPA exposure levels, requires further investigation. Hu et al.Environ Sci Technol.
Prenatal concentrations of PCB congeners were not associated with measures of body fatness in daughters at age 9 (U.K.). Wang et al. Chemosphere.
Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies
In mice, cadmium exposure reduced fasting insulin levels, and caused islet atrophy and decreased islet area, but did not affect beta cell function, insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose, or glucose tolerance. Li et al. J Toxicol.
Flies exposed to dichlorvos (DDVP, an organophosphorus pesticide) during development display insulin deficiency [which the authors label "type 1 diabetes"], while those exposed to the herbicide atrazine show insulin resistance ["type 2 diabetes"], suggesting that exposure to these pesticides during organismal development can result in diabetes, mediated by different mechanisms. Gupta et al. Free Radic Biol Med.
Other PPAR-independent mechanisms may play a role in BPA-induced pathological changes. Sharma et al. Chemosphere.
Air Pollution
Reviews how air pollutants affect diabetes and other metabolic dysfunction-related diseases across the different life stages. "The global burden of diabetes attributed to air pollution exposure is substantial, with a recent estimate that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure contributes to more than 200,000 deaths from diabetes annually." Lim et al. Curr Diab Rep.
Long-term exposure to particulate matter was associated with increased levels of fasting blood glucose in children and adolescents, especially exposure to PM1 and PM2.5. Zhang et al. Sci Total Environ.
People with pre-diabetes are more susceptible to the acute cardiometabolic effects of air pollution than healthy individuals (Beijing, China). Han et al. Environ. Health.
Diet and the Gut
The accumulation of microplastics caused multiple toxic effects in fish intestine, including mucosal damage, gut microbiota dysbiosis and specific bacteria alterations, and increased permeability, inflammation and metabolism disruption. Qiao et al. Chemosphere.
In mice, exposure to arsenic in drinking water led to changes in intestinal microbiota, gut inflammation, oxidative stress, and changes linked to increased gut permeability. Chiocchetti et al. Arch Toxicol.
In intestinal cells, arsenic causes inflammation, oxidative stress, and a reduction in the expression of tight junction proteins that help maintain the structure of the epithelium, which would lead to a loss of the gut barrier. Chiocchetti et al. Metallomics.
To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org
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