Fwd: CHE diabetes/obesity: New science this week

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates   Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Chemicals and the Gut Reviews Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of the Effects of Obesogen Exposure Reviews recent advances in the field of epigenetics with respect to the transgenerational effects of environmental obesogens, including the strengths and weaknesses in evidence for the proposed mechanisms. Mohajer et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).  Obesogens in Children-An Uncharted Territory Reviews the role of obesogenic chemicals (BPA, phthalates, PFAS, POPs, DDT, TBT, PCBs and dioxin) in children. Močnik and Varda, Metabolites.  Environmental Factors as Diabetic Mediators-A Mechanistic Approach This mechanistic review provides evidence of different environmental determinants including persistent organic pollutants, air pollutants, toxic metals, etc. in inducing diabetes and proposes a framework for the possible mechanisms involved. Firdous et al. Curr Diabetes Rev. Metabolic Syndrome and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Overview of Exposure and Health Effects Reviews human biomonitoring studies that present evidence supporting the role of EDC exposures on the development of individual metabolic syndrome components. The strength of the association varies between the components and EDCs. Haverinen et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.  The Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Male Fertility: Focus on the Action of Obesogens This review discusses the  molecular targets and potential mechanisms of obesogens, and their effects on male reproductive health. Rato and Sousa, J Xenobiot. Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Maternal Phthalates Exposure and Blood Pressure during and after Pregnancy in the PROGRESS Study In this cohort of pregnant women from Mexico City, exposure to phthalates and phthalate biomarkers was associated with higher blood pressure during late pregnancy, as well as with long-term changes in blood pressure trajectories. Wu et al. EHP. Also see related commentary, Invited Perspective: Phthalates and Blood Pressure: the Unknowns of Dietary Factors. Urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens and incident diabetes in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Paraben levels were inversely associated with incident diabetes among mid-life U.S. women. Nonlinear associations were found for BPA and 2,4-dichlorophenol (significant positive associations in the second tertile but no associations in the third tertile compared with the first tertile). No significant associations were observed for the other individual chemicals or the joint effect of mixtures. Lee et al. Environ Epidemiol. PFAS Concentrations and Cardiometabolic Traits in Highly Exposed Children and Adolescents Found a consistent association between PFAS concentrations and serum lipids, stronger for PFOS and PFNA and with a greater magnitude among children compared to adolescents, and a negative association of PFAS with BMI (Italy). Canova et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Urinary Organophosphate Metabolites and Metabolic Biomarkers of Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand Conventional farmers, who had higher pesticide levels in their bodies than organic farmers, had higher cholesterol levels as well. Kongtip et al. Toxics. Association of Blood Mercury Levels with the Risks of Overweight and High Waist-to-Height Ratio in Children and Adolescents: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey In all the participants, blood mercury levels were significantly positively associated with BMI and waist-to-height ratio after adjusting for all covariates. Cho, Children (Basel). Effects of genetic polymorphisms in body mass index according to dietary exposure to bisphenols and parabens Found an interaction between LEPR polymorphism and dietary intake of bisphenols and parabens linked to an increased BMI (Spain). Ramírez et al. Chemosphere. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Protracted Impairment of Maternal Metabolic Health in Mouse Dams Following Pregnancy Exposure to a Mixture of Low Dose Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, a Pilot Study Mice exposed to a mixture of EDCs (atrazine, BPA, PFOA, dioxin) while pregnant later had hyperglycemia with a persistent elevation in blood glucose two hours after glucose administration in a glucose tolerance test, whereas no such effects were observed in mixture-exposed non-pregnant females (six months after exposure). These findings provide biological plausibility for the epidemiological associations observed between EDC exposures during pregnancy and subsequent maternal metabolic dysfunction. Merrill et al. Toxics. Physiological, biochemical, and hormonal changes in rats exposed to bottled water left in a hot car and the freezer The levels of BPA and antimony were higher in bottled water left in the car and kept at room temperature, compared to bottled water kept in the fridge. In male rats, the storage conditions affected bodyweight, some metabolic indicators, inflammation levels, hematological parameters, testosterone level, and sperm quality. Abdulkareem, Int J Environ Health Res.  Chronic Dietary Exposure of Roosters to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Increases Seminal Plasma Glyphosate and AMPA Concentrations, Alters Sperm Parameters, and Induces Metabolic Disorders in the Progeny Chicks from roosters exposed to Roundup had a higher food consumption, body weight, and subcutaneous adipose tissue content. Serra et al. Toxics. Lack of Offspring Nrf2 Does Not Exacerbate the Detrimental Metabolic Outcomes Caused by In Utero PCB126 Exposure Mice exposed to PCB-126 in utero had impairments in body weight and glucose metabolism. Rice et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).  Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate reduced cell viability and insulin release capacity of β cells In male mice, PFOS reduced pancreas weight and islet size, and lowered serum insulin levels (both fasting and post-glucose). PFOS also decreased insulin release by beta cells in cell culture. Qin et al. J Environ Sci (China).  Effects of Different Intensity Exercise on Glucose Metabolism and Hepatic IRS/PI3K/AKT Pathway in SD Rats Exposed with TCDD TCDD (dioxin) exposure induced insulin resistance in rats, while exercise improved insulin sensitivity.  Neither moderate or high intensity exercise could effectively alleviate the insulin resistance induced by TCDD, but high intensity exercise could promote compensatory insulin secretion to maintain glucose homeostasis. Wang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Leptin and adiponectin synthesis and secretion in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes are differentially down-regulated by arsenic and palmitic acid exposure throughout different stages of adipogenesis Leptin and adiponectin secretion decreased by arsenite alone or in combination with palmitate due to reduced gene and protein expression of both adipokines. Ceja-Galicia et al. Life Sci. Chemicals and the Gut Raising the Alarm: Environmental Factors in the Onset and Maintenance of Chronic (Low-Grade) Inflammation in the Gastrointestinal Tract Reviews the association between human exposure to intentional food additives and food contaminants (e.g. persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, microplastics) and chronic disease, modification of the GI microbiota, increased permeability of the GI barrier, and the potential mechanisms involved. Sandys and Te Velde, Dig Dis Sci. Bisphenol S exposure induces intestinal inflammation: An integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic study Exposure to BPS leads to the production of inflammation and the destruction of tight junctions in human colon mucosal epithelial cells. Ao et al. Chemosphere. To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org Copyright © 2022 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Air Pollution

Chemicals and the Gut Reviews

Membrane polarization in non-neuronal cells as a potential mechanism of metabolic disruption by depolarizing insecticides This review summarizes key evidence of the presence of different types of neuronal receptors-- target sites for neurotoxic insecticides-- in non-neuronal cells, the activation of these receptors by membrane-depolarizing insecticides, and changes in metabolic functions, including lipid and glucose accumulation, associated with changes in membrane potential. Park et al. Food Chem Toxicol.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Association Between Essential and Non-essential Metals, Body Composition, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults Exposure to essential metals may affect body composition and metabolic profiles, exacerbating the risk of metabolic syndrome (Taiwan). Ngu et al. Biol Trace Elem Res. Screening the incidence of diabetogensis with urinary phthalate in Saudi subjects Found that people with diabetes had higher levels of numerous phthalate metabolites than those without diabetes. Al-Bazi et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Early Pregnancy Exposure to Rare Earth Elements and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case-Control Study Found that early pregnancy exposure to lower levels of a mixture of rare earth elements was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, and neodymium, praseodymium, and lanthanum exhibited the strongest effects in the mixture. No associations were found for individual elements (China). Xu et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).  Circulating MicroRNAs, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Environmental Liver Disease in the Anniston Community Health Survey The results support the human hepatotoxicity of environmental PCB exposures while elucidating potential modes of PCB action (U.S.). Cave et al. EHP. Association of urinary triclosan, methyl triclosan, triclocarban, and 2,4-dichlorophenol levels with anthropometric and demographic parameters in children and adolescents in 2020 (case study: Kerman, Iran) Levels of triclosan, methyl triclosan, triclocarban, and 2,4-dichlorophenol were associated with a higher BMI. Nasab et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Use of metabolomics in refining the effect of an organic food intervention on biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative damage in primary school children in Cyprus: A cluster-randomized cross-over trial This is the first metabolomics study providing evidence of differential expression of metabolites (many linked to diabetes) by an organic food intervention, showing a reduction in oxidative damage. Konstantinou et al. Environ Int.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Characterization of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances Present in Commercial Anti-fog Products and Their In Vitro Adipogenic Activity Anti-fog sprays and cloths for eyeglasses were found to contain significant amounts of PFAS, and all four sprays and both commercial formulations exhibited significant cytotoxicity and adipogenic activity (either triglyceride accumulation and/or pre-adipocyte proliferation) in murine 3T3-L1 cells. Herkert et al. Environ Sci Technol. Also see related article in The Guardian, High levels of toxic ‘forever chemicals’ found in anti-fogging sprays for glasses. In vitro toxic interaction of arsenic and hyperglycemia in mitochondria: an important implication of increased vulnerability in pre-diabetics Pyruvate, but not glucose, increased arsenic trioxide toxicity in rat liver mitrochondria, even at low concentrations. The findings suggest that people exposed to arsenic may develop mitochondrial dysfunction that accelerates the progression to diabetes over time. Kalo and Rezaei, Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Whole life exposure to low dose cadmium alters diet-induced NAFLD Whole life, low dose cadmium exposure in mice alters high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with outcomes dependent on Cd concentration. Liver injury and lipid deposition were exacerbated by 5 ppm Cd exposure but attenuated by 0.5 ppm Cd exposure. Young et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.  Implications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARY) with the intersection of organophosphate flame retardants and diet-induced obesity in adult mice The findings suggest direct roles for PPARγ in flame retardant disruption of obese mice, as well as other pathways. Vail et al. J Toxicol Environ Health A. Air Pollution Adverse associations of different obesity measures and the interactions with long-term exposure to air pollutants with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Henan Rural Cohort study Found synergistic associations of obesity and air pollutants on fasting glucose levels and prevalent type 2 diabetes, indicating that obese participants were at high risk for diabetes in highly polluted rural regions in China. Kang et al. Environ Res. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced oxidative stress in Shiraz, Iran: urinary levels, health risk assessment and mediation effect of MDA on the risk of metabolic syndromes Some PAH levels were linked to components of metabolic syndrome. Shahsavani et al. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. Machine learning approaches to characterize the obesogenic urban exposome "The pluralistic analysis on environmental obesogens strengthens the existing evidence on the role of neighborhood socioeconomic position, urbanicity and air pollution." Ohanyan et al. Environ Int. Real ambient particulate matter-induced lipid metabolism disorder: Roles of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha Six weeks of real-ambient particulate matter exposure increased serum triglycerides, decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, caused liver steatosis, increased the size of adipocytes in white adipose tissue, and whitened brown adipose tissue in mice. Xu et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.

Chemicals and the Gut

MAIT cell activation is reduced by direct and microbiota-mediated exposure to bisphenols Found that acute bisphenol exposure may alter gut microbial metabolism and impact gut-associated immune cells directly. Krause et al. Environ Int. Impact of Heavy Metal Toxicity on the Gut Microbiota and Its Relationship with Metabolites and Future Probiotics Strategy: a Review Reviews the alterations in gut microbiota composition and function caused by exposure to various heavy metals Bist and Choudhary, Biol Trace Elem Res.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2022 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

[Sarah Howard]

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Chemicals and the Gut Reviews

The role of endocrine-disrupting phthalates and bisphenols in cardiometabolic disease: the evidence is mounting Reviews the substantive and accumulating evidence that endemic exposure to plastic-associated chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates contribute to the development of metabolic conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Lucas et al. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Association Between Phthalate Exposure in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Chinese Cross-Sectional Study Women with gestational diabetes had higher levels of MEHP in their urine; the dose-response relationship varied by the age of the women. Liang et al. Int J Gen Med.  Association of blood cobalt concentrations with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes in a US population: A cross-sectional study Higher blood cobalt concentrations were associated with a lower risk of dyslipidemia, and not associated with the risk of hypertension or diabetes. Wang et al. Medicine (Baltimore). Arsenic exposure during pregnancy and postpartum maternal glucose tolerance: evidence from Bangladesh Although arsenic exposure during pregnancy has been consistently associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, this study found no clear evidence for an adverse effect on postpartum insulin resistance or beta cell function. Fleisch et al. Environ Health Associations of multiple plasma metals with the risk of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study in the mid-aged and older population of China Of 13 metals analyzed, elevated levels of plasma magnesium and molybdenum were associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Huang et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Induction of lipid metabolism dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation response by tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate in larval/adult zebrafish Exposing zebrafish and their larvae to the flame retardant TCPP caused obesity, fatty liver, inflammation, oxidative stress, and potentially increased the risk of cancer. Yan et al. Environ Int. Cadmium exposure decreases fasting blood glucose levels and exacerbates type-2 diabetes in a mouse model Cadmium exposure disturbed glucose metabolism, increased glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in mice with diabetes. Li et al. Endocrine.

Chemicals and the Gut

Associations of Childhood and Perinatal Blood Metals with Children's Gut Microbiomes in a Canadian Gestation Cohort Found both long- and short-term associations between metal exposure and the childhood gut microbiome, with stronger associations observed with more recent exposure. Shen et al. EHP.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2022 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Air Pollution

Chemicals and the Gut

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Human transgenerational observations of regular smoking before puberty on fat mass in grandchildren and great-grandchildren Perhaps one of the first human demonstrations of transgenerational effects of an environmental exposure across four generations! It found that if the paternal grandfather started smoking pre-puberty, compared with later in childhood, his granddaughters, but not grandsons, had excess fat mass at 17 and 24. When fathers of maternal grandfathers started smoking pre-puberty, their great-granddaughters, but not great-grandsons, had excess body fat  at 17 and 24 (U.K.). Golding et al. Sci Rep. Association of urinary arsenic with insulin resistance: Cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2016 Higher arsenic exposure was associated with increased insulin resistance (U.S.). Zhou et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and body composition - A cross-sectional study in a middle-aged population PFOS and PFHxS levels did not show any consistent associations with body composition, but PFOA, and especially PFNA and PFDA were inversely related to multiple measures reflecting the amount of fat, but in women only (Sweden). Lind et al. Environ Res. Negatively interactive effect of chromium and cadmium on obesity: Evidence from adults living near ferrochromium factory Chromium was positively associated with BMI and waist circumference. For smoking participants, the metal mixture was negatively associated with BMI. A negative additive interaction was observed between chromium and cadmium on BMI and abdominal obesity (China). Zhao et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.  Association of As, Pb, Cr, and Zn urinary heavy metals levels with predictive indicators of cardiovascular disease and obesity in children and adolescents Childhood and adolescent exposure to arsenic, lead, chromium, and zinc were variously associated with obesity or cardiovascular disease markers (Iran). Nasab et al. Chemosphere.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Implications of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) with the intersection of organophosphate flame retardants and diet-induced obesity in adult mice "Collectively, these data demonstrate both direct and indirect actions of OPFRs on ERα-mediated pathways governing energy homeostasis and support a growing body of evidence urging concern for risk of human exposure." Vail et al. J Toxicol Environ Health A. Bisphenol F suppresses insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in adipocytes by inhibiting IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway Exposure of adipocytes to BPF did not change cell size but altered the expression of adipokines and suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism by impairing insulin signaling. Chen et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Proanthocyanidins Protect Against Cadmium-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy Through p38 MAPK and Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways In mice, proanthocyanidins from grapes were  protective against diabetic kidney disease caused by cadmium, due to their metal-chelating abilities and anti-oxidative effects. Gong et al. Front Pharmacol. Impacts of diethylhexyl phthalate and overfeeding on physical fitness and lipid mobilization of Danio rerio (zebrafish) Exposure to DEHP and overfeeding decreased swim performance. While no differences in blood lipids were observed with DEHP exposure, there was differential expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and utilization in the gastrointestinal and liver tissue. Buerger et al. Chemosphere. Air Pollution Combined effects of air pollution in adulthood and famine exposure in early life on type 2 diabetes Both famine exposure in early life and air pollution exposure in adulthood were each linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes; exposure to both together led to a much higher risk. Huo et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM 2.5, Sunlight, and Obesity: A Nationwide Study in China Higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased obesity, especially in those exposed to the lowest level of sunlight. Chen et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). Acute and lag effects of ambient fine particulate matter on the incidence of dyslipidemia in Chengdu, China: A time-series study This large study found that short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 was related to dyslipidemia, especially in women and people of normal weight. Zhang et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Global association between atmospheric particulate matter and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis This meta-analysis of 26 studies found that both PM2.5 and PM10 increase the risk of obesity, and that maternal exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of obesity in children. Lin et al. Environ Res.

Chemicals and the Gut

Sub-Chronic Difenoconazole Exposure Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice Exposure to the fungicide difenoconazole affected the gut microbiota in mice. Bao et al. Toxics. Gestational exposure to GenX induces hepatic alterations by the gut-liver axis in maternal mice: A similar mechanism as PFOA Gestational exposure to PFOA or GenX induced maternal hepatic alterations and disrupted the intestinal barrier. Xu et al. Sci Total Environ. The gut microbiota as a biomarker for realistic exposures to pesticides: A critical consideration Reviews studies on gut microbiota in rats and mice exposed to insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. Kandel Gambarte and Wolansky, Neurotoxicol Teratol.  Culturing and Molecular Approaches for Identifying Microbiota Taxa Impacting Children's Obesogenic Phenotypes Related to Xenobiotic Dietary Exposure Microorganisms from the gut microbiota of children with obesity may have more BPA biodegradation potential than those of normal-weight children. López-Moreno et al. Nutrients.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2022 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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View this email in your browser CHE Diabetes and Obesity News and Updates

Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Reviews Prenatal phthalate exposure associated with age-specific alterations in markers of adiposity in offspring: A systematic review Prenatal exposure to MEP appeared to be positively associated with several obesity markers, but associations for other phthalates were less clear. Gao et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Urinary phthalate and DINCH metabolite concentrations and gradations of maternal glucose intolerance In pregnant women, 1st trimester MBP, MCNP and MCPP were negatively associated with glucose intolerance. In the 2nd trimester, there was a negative association for MCNP and MCPP and a higher odds of impaired glucose tolerance for higher concentrations of MiBP and MHBP. For mixtures, 2nd trimester dibutyl phthalates metabolites mixtures were associated with increased impaired glucose tolerance (Boston, MA). James-Todd et al. Environ Int. Prenatal phthalates, gestational weight gain, and long-term weight changes among Mexican women Phthalate exposure levels in pregnant women were associated with lower gestational weight gain and higher long-term weight gain (6-7 years postpartum). Deierlein et al. Environ Res. Measurement of Urinary Triclocarban and 2,4-Dichlorophenol Concentration and Their Relationship with Obesity and Predictors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Children and Adolescents in Kerman, Iran Levels of triclocarban and 2,4-dichlorophenol were higher in obese children and were variously associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Nasab et al. J Environ Public Health.  Relationship Between Serum Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Mercury and Body Mass Index and Fasting Plasma Glucose in a Mexican Adult Population Serum arsenic levels (not cadmium or mercury) were positively associated with BMI and fasting glucose levels in Mexican adults. Hernández-Mendoza et al. Biol Trace Elem Res. Chronic lead exposure induces fatty liver disease associated with the variations of gut microbiota People with higher lead levels had a higher risk of fatty liver disease, and in animals, lead exposure caused fatty liver, increased visceral fat, and changes to gut microbiota (China). Wan et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Adipogenic Activity of Chemicals Used in Plastic Consumer Products Found that chemicals in everyday plastics lead to larger fat cells in vitro than a drug known to cause weight gain; many unknown chemicals or mixtures appear to be obesogens. Völker et al. Environ Sci Technol. High throughput screening of bisphenols and their mixtures under conditions of low-intensity adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) "A mixture of bisphenols at their sub-active concentrations induces a significant adipogenic effect due to its additive nature. The final active concentrations of bisphenols in tested mixtures reached below 1 μM, which is within the concentration range observed in humans." Norgren et al. Food Chem Toxicol. Bisphenol A reveals its obesogenic effects through disrupting glucose tolerance, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and modulating inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor in zebrafish BPA increased body weight in zebrafish via mechanisms involving impaired glucose tolerance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gene expression. Beler et al. Toxicol Ind Health. Intrauterine exposure of mice to arsenite induces abnormal and transgenerational glycometabolism Arsenic exposure in the womb affected glucose tolerance and increased insulin resistance in offspring mice. Xu et al. Chemosphere. Latent, sex-specific metabolic health effects in CD-1 mouse offspring exposed to PFOA or HFPO-DA (GenX) during gestation In offspring mice exposed to PFOA or GenX (a PFOA replacement) in the womb, both males and females were affected, but males had more diabetes/obesity related effects like weight gain and insulin resistance, and females had more liver damage. GenX caused damage at lower doses than PFOA. Cope et al. Emerg Contam. Air Pollution Association between urinary trans,trans-muconic acid and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of data from Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3 (2015-2017) Levels of this metabolite of the air pollutant benzene was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in Korean adults. Yang et al. Ann Occup Environ Med.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2022 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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[Sarah Howard]

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Air Pollution Reviews Gut Microbiota: A Key Regulator in the Effects of Environmental Hazards on Modulates Insulin Resistance The author proposes a "baseline drift" hypothesis to explain how environmental chemicals might influence insulin resistance via gut microbiota, where "human health or disease is a result of a rich palette of gut-microbiota-driven multiple-pathway responses." Huang, Front Cell Infect Microbiol.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Exposure Levels and Contributing Factors of Various Arsenic Species and Their Health Effects on Korean Adults This study found that c-peptide levels (a measure of beta cell function) were significantly associated with urinary concentrations of various arsenic species, according to the abstract, but I can't access the full text to see more details. If anyone can send it to me, thanks! Plenty of other studies show that arsenic is toxic to beta cells, so presumably arsenic is inversely associated with c-peptide. Lee et al. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol.  Air Pollution Long-term exposure to air pollution and the blood lipid levels of healthy young men Higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower HDL cholesterol levels, and NO2 exposure was associated with higher total cholesterol levels. There were other associations as well (Korea). Kim et al. Environ Int. Air pollution and metabolic disorders: Dynamic versus static measures of exposure among Hispanics/Latinos and non-Hispanics Hispanics/Latinos had a higher exposure to PM2.5 compared to non-Hispanics using static measures, but a lower exposure using dynamic measures. Higher dynamic exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with increased insulin resistance and cholesterol levels, and increased risk of obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (California). Letellier et al. Environ Res. Associations of PM 2.5 exposure with blood glucose impairment in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus Higher PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was associated with higher blood glucose levels (fasting and HbA1c) and a higher risk of gestational diabetes (China). Cheng et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2022 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Reviews Persistent organic pollutants and β-cell toxicity: a comprehensive review Reviews the evidence of PCBs, organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides, dioxin, PFAS, and flame retardants and finds that, "the available data provide convincing evidence implicating POPs as a contributing factor driving impaired glucose homeostasis, β-cell dysfunction, and altered metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in islets. These findings support epidemiological data showing that POPs increase diabetes risk and emphasize the need to consider the endocrine pancreas in toxicity assessments."  Hoyeck et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. Note: the free full text of this article will be available next week. Impact of environmental pollution on the obesogenic environment Reviews the role of pollution in obesity. Martínez-Esquivel et al. Nutr Rev.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Fecal transplantation from young zebrafish donors efficiently ameliorates the lipid metabolism disorder of aged recipients exposed to perfluorobutanesulfonate PFBS increased triglyceride levels in aged zebrafish, and fecal transplantation from young zebrafish inhibited the metabolic toxicity of PFBS and restored triglyceride levels to normal. Hu et al. Sci Total Environ. Antibiotic Azithromycin inhibits brown/beige fat functionality and promotes obesity in human and rodents The authors screened major types of antibiotics to examine their effects on fat cells, and found that azithromycin suppressed brown and beige adipocyte functionality, accumulates in fatty tissue, was positively associated with BMI in humans, and increased diet-induced obesity in mice. Yu et al. Theranostics. Analysis of Indirect Biomarkers of Effect after Exposure to Low Doses of Bisphenol A in a Study of Successive Generations of Mice BPA exposure increased blood glucose levels in the higher doses in adult mice, among other effects. Bujalance-Reyes et al. Animals (Basel). Air Pollution PM2.5 and Serum Metabolome and Insulin Resistance, Potential Mediation by the Gut Microbiome: A Population-Based Panel Study of Older Adults in China This prospective study from China found that exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and changes to gut microbiota. Zhao et al. EHP.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

Collaborative on Health and the Environment in...@healthandenvironment.org | www.healthandenvironment.org

Copyright © 2022 Collaborative on Health and the Environment, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in to the Diabetes Obesity Scienceserv Our mailing address is: Collaborative on Health and the Environment PO Box 316 Bolinas, CA 94924 Add us to your address book

[Sarah Howard]

Sending early this week due to vacation!

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Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Associations of mid-childhood bisphenol A and bisphenol S exposure with mid-childhood and adolescent obesity BPA concentrations were inversely associated with percent body fat at age 8 and 12 years, while urinary BPS concentrations were positively associated with percent body fat at age 8 years, but not at 12 years (Cincinnati, Ohio). Gajjar et al. Environ Epidemiol.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Cadmium perturbed metabolomic signature in pancreatic beta cells correlates with disturbed metabolite profile in human urine In mice, cadmium exposure increased blood glucose levels, decreased insulin levels, led to glucose intolerance and suppressed insulin expression in the pancreas. In beta cells, cadmium exposure inhibited cell viability and suppressed insulin secretion in vitro, targeting the mitochondria. Hong et al. Environ Int. Cadmium exposure suppresses insulin secretion through mtROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory response in pancreatic beta cells More about how cadmium affects beta cells in vitro, by same authors as above. Hong et al. J Trace Elem Med Biol.  Associating diethylhexyl phthalate to gestational diabetes mellitus via adverse outcome pathways using a network-based approach Used publicly available databases to create a computational adverse outcome pathway (cAOP) connecting phthalates to gestational diabetes. Zhang et al. Sci Total Environ. Air Pollution Postnatal exposure to PM 2.5 and weight trajectories in early childhood Found that PM2.5 significantly modified the association between age and weight in males, with a positive association in children younger than 3 years and a negative association afterwards. We found similar but smaller changes in females, and no differences comparing growth trajectories across quartiles of PM2.5. Most of the effects were in low birthweight children and null for normal birthweight children (Boston, MA). Vanoli et al. Environ Epidemiol.

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Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Reviews The Association Between Cadmium Exposure and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Found no association overall, although prospective studies showed a borderline increased risk. Lin et al. Front Public Health. The Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Obesity: A Review of Laboratory and Epidemiological Studies "Both laboratory and epidemiological data underline the significant role of POPs as environmental obesogens." Aaseth et al. Toxics. Assessing the risk of diabetes in participants with DDT DDE exposure- A systematic review and meta-analysis This meta-analysis of the data from 43 studies (over 40,000) found that exposure to both DDT and DDE were associated with an increased risk of diabetes, especially in Asia. Yipei et al. Environ Res. Chelation Therapy in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review Overall, 17 studies suggested improved outcomes, 5 reported no statistically significant effect of treatment, and 2 reported no qualitative benefit. Repeated chelation for CVD treatment may provide more benefit to patients with diabetes and severe peripheral arterial disease. Ravelli et al. J Am Heart Assoc.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

The association between blood PFAS concentrations and clinical biochemical measures of organ function and metabolism in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Exposure to various PFAS was associated with clinical blood tests reflecting metabolism (e.g., lipid/cholesterol levels) and the function of several organ systems, including the liver. Cakmak et al. Sci Total Environ. Metals and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort of midlife women in the United States Arsenic, cobalt, zinc, as well as metal mixtures, might increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in midlife women. Wang et al. Environ Res. Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction Those with higher exposure cadmium and lead had an increased risk of diabetes and kidney dysfunction (Thailand). Yimthiang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health.  Triglyceride profiles are associated with subacute exposure to bisphenol A in healthy young adults A natural experiment in travelers between the US and China. Lu et al. Sci Total Environ. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to arsenic exposure and metabolism in Mexican women Found an association between diabetes prevalence and inorganic arsenic metabolism, but not with urinary arsenic levels. Rangel-Moreno et al. Environ Res. Changes in plasma levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with changes in plasma lipids - A longitudinal study over 10 years In this longitudinal study with three measurements over 10 years of both plasma PFAS and lipids, changes in six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) (Sweden). Dunder et al. Environ Res.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

A Mixture of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Associated with Lower Birth Weight in Children Induces Adipogenesis and DNA Methylation Changes in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells The EDC mixture increased lipid droplet accumulation at concentrations corresponding to levels measured in pregnant women, and induced differentially methylated regions in genes important for adipogenesis. Lizunkova et al. Int J Mol Sci. Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish Demonstrated consistent adipogenic effects in two separate human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell models, and that nonylphenol and its ethoxylates promoted weight gain and increased adipose deposition in developmentally exposed zebrafish. Kassotis et al. Toxics. Effect of high fat diet on the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of chlorpyrifos following acute exposure in male C57BL/6J mice Chlorpyrifos may be retained longer in obese animals than in non-obese animals. Kondakala et al. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. AS3MT facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by m 6 A modification during arsenic-induced hepatic insulin resistance Qiu et al. Cell Biol Toxicol.  Prenatal dexamethasone exposure induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance of male offspring rats: Role of the epigenetic repression of ACE2 Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid steroid drug, reduced insulin production in male offspring rats and in vitro. Dai et al. Sci Total Environ.  Environmental exposure to low-dose perfluorohexanesulfonate promotes obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-fat diet Exposure to PFHxS through drinking water significantly promoted obesity and metabolic syndrome in male mice fed a high-fat diet, aggravated hepatic symptoms resembling NAFLD and caused systematic metabolic disorders as well as gut dysbiosis in the obese mice. He et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. Transgenerational Transcriptomic and DNA Methylome Profiling of Mouse Fetal Testicular Germline and Somatic Cells after Exposure of Pregnant Mothers to Tributyltin, a Potent Obesogen "TBT may directly target testicular somatic cells in F1 testes to irreversibly affect epigenetic suppression of endogenous retroviruses in both germline and somatic cells." Shioda et al. Metabolites. Decabromodiphenyl ether-induced PRKACA hypermethylation contributed to glycolipid metabolism disorder via regulating PKA/AMPK pathway in rat and L-02 cells The flame retardant BDE-209 induced liver tissue injury and liver toxicity, increased glucose and total cholesterol levels in the serum of rats, and increased glucose and triglyceride levels in liver cells. Zhu et al. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces mitochondrial calcium overload and early hepatic insulin resistance via autophagy/detyrosinated alpha-tubulin-regulated IP3R2-VDAC1-MICU1 interaction Insights into how PFOS causes insulin resistance in mice. Dong et al. Sci Total Environ.  Effects of gestational exposure to bisphenol A on the hepatic transcriptome and lipidome of rat dams: Intergenerational comparison of effects in the offspring Fetal exposure has more severe effects than adult exposure. Nguyen et al. Sci Total Environ. Studies on male gonadal toxicity of bisphenol A in diabetic rats: An example of exacerbation effect Rats with diabetes were more susceptible to the testicular damage caused by BPA than rats without diabetes. Sahu et al. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. Air Pollution Glucose Metabolic Disorders Enhance Vascular Dysfunction Triggered by Particulate Air Pollution: a Panel Study People with higher glucose levels (prediabetes) were more susceptible to the cardiovascular effects of air pollution than those with lower glucose levels (China). Chen et al. Hypertension.

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Reviews

Role-Playing Between Environmental Pollutants and Human Gut Microbiota: A Complex Bidirectional Interaction Reviews interactions between environmental chemicals and the gut microbiota, with implications for diabetes, obesity, the immune system, and more. Giambò et al. Front Med (Lausanne).

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Relationships Between Urinary Metals and Diabetes Traits Among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas, USA Arsenic, molybdenum, and a mixture of 8 metals were associated with lower beta cell function, lower insulin resistance, lower insulin levels, and higher insulin sensitivity. Higher urinary copper levels were associated with reduced beta cell function. Weiss et al. Biol Trace Elem Res. [Relationship between pesticide exposure and lipid metabolism in population] In Chinese but data from NHANES. The use of herbicides was associated with lower HDL cholesterol and higher LDL cholesterol in women. Yan et al. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Molecular pathways dysregulated by Pb 2+ exposure prompts pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction Lead exposure reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and diminished pancreatic β-cell mass in animals. Daniel et al. Toxicol Res (Camb). Metabolic Consequences of Developmental Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics, the Flame Retardant BDE-47 and Their Combination in Zebrafish "Co-exposure to emerging nanoplastic contaminants and legacy contaminants results in cumulative metabolic disruption in early development in a fish model relevant to eco- and human toxicology." Chackal et al. Front Pharmacol. Air Pollution PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy is associated with altered placental expression of lipid metabolic genes in a US birth cohort Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was associated with metabolic gene expression in placentas, especially in male offspring. Kaur et al. Environ Res.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution

Chemicals and the Gut

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Child Growth Trajectories in the First Two Years It's complicated. Gao et al. EHP.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Methylmercury Induces Mitochondria- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Dependent Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis via an Oxidative Stress-Mediated JNK Signaling Pathway One more study finding that methymercury can decrease insulin secretion and kill beta cells. Yang et al. Int J Mol Sci. Perinatal Combinational Exposure to Bisphenol A and a High-Fat Diet Contributes to Transgenerational Dysregulation of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Systems in Mice In mice, exposure to both BPA and a high-fat diet during development caused metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in the offspring, as well as in the subsequent generation. Liu et al. Front Cell Dev Biol.  Food contact materials as possible endocrine disruptors for PPARs: a consensus scoring analysis Looks at how food contact materials such as phthalates can activate PPAR receptors, which play a role in metabolism. Agosta and Cozzini, Int J Food Sci Nutr. Air Pollution Secular trends in global burden of diabetes attributable to particulate matter pollution from 1990 to 2019 Found that globally, 293 thousand deaths and 13 million disability-adjusted life years from diabetes could be attributed to PM2.5 pollution in 2019. Household air pollution-related diabetes declined sharply during 1990-2019, while the global burden of diabetes attributable to ambient PM2.5 rose rapidly. Wang et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.  Exposure to source-specific air pollution and risk for type 2 diabetes: a nationwide study covering Denmark This Denmark-wide study found that 5-year exposure to all types of particulate air pollutants and NO2 were associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk, especially when the pollution originated from traffic. Sørensen et al. Int J Epidemiol. White and brown adipose tissue functionality is impaired by fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) exposure Reviews the effects of air pollution on fatty tissue and finds that oxidative stress and inflammation are responsible for the effects related to insulin resistance. Della Guardia and Shin, J Mol Med (Berl).

Chemicals and the Gut

Bisphenol chemicals disturb intestinal homeostasis via Notch/Wnt signaling and induce mucosal barrier dysregulation and inflammation In adult mice, both BPA and BPF at the reference (supposedly "safe") dose caused intestinal barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. Zhu et al. Sci Total Environ.

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Type 1 Diabetes Reviews

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies Air Pollution Chemicals and the Gut

Type 1 Diabetes Associations between persistent organic pollutants and type 1 diabetes in youth Exposure to DDE, trans-nonachlor, and PCB-153 were associated with type 1 diabetes in youth with normal insulin sensitivity, but not in those with insulin resistance. In experiments, treatment with DDE or PCB-153, at levels found in people, impaired the ability of pancreatic β-cells to produce and secrete insulin in response to glucose; longer treatment killed the β-cells. Bresson et al. Environ Int. Reviews Sex-specific Associations Between Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Exposure to Dioxin and Dioxin-like Pollutants: A Meta-analysis Both sex and the type of exposure make a difference. When all 18 studies were considered in the meta-analysis, there was an increased diabetes incidence for both sexes, and the overall risk was higher in males than in females. However, when looking only at disaster-exposed populations, the risk was higher in females than males. In contrast, in non-disaster exposed populations, the risk for females was lower than males. Gang et al. Front Toxicol.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Race-specific associations of urinary phenols and parabens with adipokines in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) There were a number of associations, and some varied by race. Lee et al. Environ Pollut.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Cadmium acute exposure induces metabolic and transcriptomic perturbations in human mature adipocytes Cadmium induces inflammation and affects the function of fat cells. Gasser et al. Toxicology. Candidate master microRNA regulator of arsenic-induced pancreatic beta cell impairment revealed by multi-omics analysis Shows how arsenic affects gene expression in beta cells. Todero et al. Arch Toxicol. Air Pollution Near-roadway air pollution, immune cells and adipokines among obese young adults In Southern Californian obese young adults, higher exposure to non-freeway near-roadway air pollution during the prior year was associated with higher leptin levels in blood and adipose tissue, especially in those with higher inflammation levels. Rahman et al. Environ Health. Multiple environmental exposures and obesity in eastern China: An individual exposure evaluation model Air pollution was significantly positively associated with obesity, and the various air pollutants were significantly enhanced by each other. Li et al. Chemosphere. Long-term PM 0.1 exposure and human blood lipid metabolism: New insight from the 33-community study in China Higher PM0.1 concentrations were associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol levels. Zhang et al. Environ Pollut.

Chemicals and the Gut

Navigating a Two-Way Street: Metal Toxicity and the Human Gut Microbiome A summary of some research on how mercury and arsenic affect the gut, and how the microbiome plays a role in metal toxicity. Schmidt, EHP.

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Reviews Endocrine Disruptors and Obesity: an Overview "Data show that Phthalates, Bisphenol compounds, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), solvents, and personal care products can modify metabolic properties in a dose-response and sex-specific manner." Murro et al. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Bisphenol A (BPA) Leading to Obesity and Cardiovascular Complications: A Compilation of Current In Vivo Study Reviews in vivo evidence on BPA and obesity. Naomi et al. Int J Mol Sci. The toxic effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on gut microbiota: Bisphenol A (BPA). A review Charitos et al. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Per- and perfluoroalkyl substances alternatives, mixtures and liver function in adults: A community-based population study in China Higher PFAS levels were associated with abnormal liver function; PFOS was the main contributor. Liu et al. Environ Int. Effects of multi-metal exposure on the risk of diabetes mellitus among people aged 40-75 years in rural areas in southwest China Various metals were positively or negatively associated with diabetes. Zhang et al. J Diabetes Investig. Risk of Abdominal Obesity Associated with Phthalate Exposure of Nurses Exposure to numerous phthalates were associated with various measures of obesity in Slovakian nurses. Kolena et al. Toxics.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Early-life exposure to bisphenol A induces dysregulation of lipid homeostasis by the upregulation of SCD1 in male mice Fat cells exposed to BPA had higher lipid content, and male mice developmentally exposed to BPA had liver inflammation and signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fang et al. Environ Pollut. Chronic Perigestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Induces Perturbations in Gut Bacteria and Glucose and Lipid Markers in Female Rats and Their Offspring When female rats were exposed to low levels of the pesticide chlorpyrifos before and during gestation and lactation, they had higher blood glucose, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels, lower body weight and HDL cholesterol levels, and worsening gut bacteria distributions, compared to controls. Their offspring had high blood glucose levels, low birth weight, and perturbation of gut bacteria. Djekkoun et al. Toxics. Diabetogenic and Obesogenic Effects of Cadmium in Db/Db Mice and Rats at a Clinically Relevant Level of Exposure Cadmium caused weight gain and a more rapid increase in blood glucose levels following an oral glucose tolerance test. Nguyen et al. Toxics. Acute exposure to environmentally relevant levels of DDT alters muscle mitochondrial function in vivo in rats but not in vitro in L6 myotubes: A pilot study Investigating the role of DDT in diabetes and insulin resistance, the authors found that acute exposure to environmentally relevant doses of DDT resulted in muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in rats, but not when muscle cells were directly exposed. Chehade et al. Toxicol Rep.

To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org

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Reviews Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Air Pollution The Gut Reviews Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms Obesity II: Establishing Causal Links Between Chemical Exposures and Obesity Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions These three reviews are part of a Special Edition on Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Health and Disease in Biomedical Pharmacology, and were coordinated by Jerry Heindel of HEEDS. Exploring the causes of semen quality changes post-bariatric surgery: a focus on endocrine-disrupting chemicals After bariatric surgery, serum EDC concentrations progressively increase, and there is evidence that semen parameters deteriorate as well. Magalhaes et al. Hum Reprod.

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Association of Organochlorine Pesticides With Genetic Markers of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study Among the North-Indian Population Levels of various persistent organic pollutants in fat tissue were associated with type 2 diabetes, central adiposity, higher glucose levels, and ER stress. Tawar et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).  Association between exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and the risk of diabetes among US Adults: Cross-sectional findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Pesticide exposure was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Guo et al. Chemosphere. Exploratory analysis of the associations between neonicotinoids and measures of adiposity among US Adults: NHANES 2015-2016 There were different associations (positive and negative) between various neonicotinoid exposures, and the associations varied by sex. Godbole et al. Chemosphere.

Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies

Potential obesogenic effects of TBBPA and its alternatives TBBPS and TCBPA revealed by metabolic perturbations in human hepatoma cells The results suggest that the replacement chemicals TBBPS and TCBPA are more likely to disrupt liver metabolic homeostasis and potentially drive liver dysfunction than the original flame retardant TBBPA. Yu et al. Sci Total Environ. Maternal Sodium p-Perfluorous Nonenoxybenzene Sulfonate Exposure Disturbed Lipid Metabolism and Induced an Imbalance in Tyrosine Metabolism in the F1 Generation of Mice Maternal exposure to OBS (a type of PFAS) caused higher triglyceride levels in dams and offspring. Wang et al. Chem Res Toxicol. Air Pollution How long-term air pollution and its metal constituents affect type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence? Results from Wuhan Chronic Disease Cohort Three year exposure levels to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 increased type 2 diabetes prevalence, especially for men and middle-aged and elderly people. Type 2 was also positively associated with cadmium and antimony in PM2.5. Chen et al. Environ Res. Combined exposure to fine particulate matter and high glucose aggravates endothelial damage by increasing inflammation and mitophagy: the involvement of vitamin D Simultaneous exposure to particulate matter and high glucose exerts significant harmful effects on endothelial cells by inducing ROS production, mitophagy, and inflammation, while vitamin D reverses these effects. Lai et al. Part Fibre Toxicol. The Gut Probiotic Strains Isolated from an Olympic Woman's Weightlifting Gold Medalist Increase Weight Loss and Exercise Performance in a Mouse Model All probiotic supplementation groups showed a significant reduction in body weight and fat mass. The strains isolated from the gold medalist were most effective, and also increased exercise performance. Lin et al. Nutrients. Pretty interesting!

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Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies Air Pollution

Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies

Associations of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A Levels with Obesity in Children: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015 to 2017 The concentrations of urinary DEHP metabolites and MnBP were higher in Korean children than in children in Western countries. Urinary MECPP exposure, but not other phthalates or BPA, showed a positive association with obesity in Korean children. Seo et al. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and incident diabetes in midlife women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Higher exposure levels to numerous PFAS as well as PFAS mixtures were associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes in U.S. women. Park et al. Diabetologia. Association between whole blood metallic elements concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus in Japanese women: The Japan environment and Children's study This large, nationwide study found that higher mercury exposure levels were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes in Japanese women. Other elements (lead, cadmium, manganese, and selenium) were not associated. Tatsuta et al. Environ Res. Prenatal exposure to insecticides and weight trajectories among South African children in the VHEMBE birth cohort Higher maternal levels of one pesticide metabolite was associated with smaller size in boys, but there were no other associations. Kim et al. Epidemiology. Air Pollution Could greenness modify the effects of physical activity and air pollutants on overweight and obesity among children and adolescents? Greenness has a moderating effect on the effects of air pollutants on childhood overweight/obesity especially in heavy-industry areas (China). Chen et al. Sci Total Environ. The Impact of PM2.5 on the Growth Curves of Children's Obesity Indexes: A Prospective Cohort Study Found a dose-response relationship between PM2.5 exposure and childhood obesity, especially central obesity (China). Tong et al. Front Public Health.

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