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CHE Diabetes and Obesity News
and Updates
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Reviews
I reviewed the recent human and animal evidence of exposure to chemicals or air pollution in relation to the development of type 1 diabetes or related autoimmunity. Howard, J Epidemiol Community Health.
The two following articles are part of the research topic, Endocrine Disruptors and Metabolism published by Frontiers in Endocrinology. All of the articles are well worth reading.
Elucidating the mechanism is critical to understanding whether the association of DDT and DDE with obesity and diabetes is in fact causal. This review concludes that there is "reasonable data to suggest that DDT and DDE target specific complexes and processes within the mitochondria, and that these insults could in turn contribute to the role of DDT and DDE in mitochondria-associated diseases." Elmore and La Merrill, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).
"...Human metabolism is under a constant and coordinated attack... there is no doubt that it is high time we took action... The health of future generations is under attack, suggesting that if we don't further explore this scientific area, our children could be affected in decades to come." Papalou et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).
The NIH-funded Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT), the first double blind, randomized, controlled trial to demonstrate an improvement in cardiovascular outcomes with chelation therapy in patients with prior myocardial infarction, found a striking benefit, especially among people with diabetes. This review discusses the potential mechanisms unifying the pathogenesis of atherogenic factors in diabetes with toxic metal exposure, and the potential role of metal chelation. Moreno et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
Positive associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and percentage of fat mass, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and risk of overweight persisted after adjustment for important confounding variables. No association was found with lipid profile and glucose levels. Gutiérrez-Torres et al. Ann Glob Health.
Environmental Chemicals: Human Studies
In cross-sectional analyses, urinary concentrations of some phthalate metabolites were positively associated with obesity prevalence. In longitudinal analyses, positive trends with weight gain between baseline and year 3 were observed for various phthalate metabolites, but not over 6 years (U.S.). Díaz Santana et al. Environ Health.
Found evidence that the risk of arsenic-related diabetes may be higher in people with lower socioeconomic status (Chile). Eick et al. Environ Res.
Environmental Chemicals: Laboratory Studies
The obesogen tributyltin is here linked to reproductive health. da Costa et al. Toxicol. Lett.
Analyzes how exposure of the crustacean Daphnia magna to tributyltin, juvenoids, or bisphenol A induces transcriptome changes linked to metabolism. Fuertes et al. Environ. Pollut.
Air Pollution
Areas of relative disadvantage have a stronger association between PM2.5 and hypertension compared to areas of relative advantage (North Carolina, U.S.). Weaver et al. Environ Epidemiol.
This one is listed because of what it lacks-- any mention of environmental factors-- especially air pollution, which is strongly linked to CVD. Clearly there is some work to do. Arnett et al. Circulation.
Type 1 Diabetes
Reviews recent advancements depicting the role of intestinal dysbiosis on immunity and autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes, and therapies aimed at maintaining a healthy gut barrier as possible prevention strategies. Abdellatif and Sarvetnick, J Diabetes.
Incidence/Prevalence
In Catalonia Spain, gestational diabetes prevalence almost doubled between 2006 and 2015, from 3.8% to 6.5%. Gortazar et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev.
In Xiamen China, gestational diabetes prevalence remained stable between 2011 and 2018, affecting an average 17.6% of pregnant women. Yan et al. J Diabetes Investig.
The annual prevalence of type 1 diabetes in children enrolled in Medicaid increased continuously from 2002 to 2016. The annual prevalence of type 2 in children increased from 2002 to 2011, with a subsequent decrease in 2016, possibly due to the increase of relatively healthier participants with the expanded eligibility through the ACA between 2011 and 2016. Chen et al. Pediatr Diabetes.
To see how these studies relate to existing research, or for more on environmental chemicals and diabetes/obesity, visit www.diabetesandenvironment.org
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