And when I started to do the research five years ago, I found that he had actually achieved much more as president than I or I think a lot of other people understood, and that he was a political failure, but a substantive and farsighted success.
But it really goes across the board, Judy. There were accomplishments all the way throughout, Jimmy Carter, who introduced and got passed the Ethics in Government Act that first protected whistle-blowers, Inspector Generals Act setting up those offices, FISA courts, FEMA. He established FEMA, did some of the first emergency planning.
And in the foreign policy area, despite the failures in terms of getting the hostages out of Iran before the election, which hurt him badly, not only Camp David, but establishing full diplomatic relations with China, which created the bilateral relationship that our world economy is now based on, that was Jimmy Carter.
The Panama Canal treaties prevented a major war in Central America. The human rights policy was historic, helped kick off the democratic revolution around the world, helped end the Cold War, win the Cold War, as a lot of conservatives admitted later on.
So, Carter is coming this great distance. And he runs this campaign from zero percent in the polls, gets to the presidency, has a lot of good luck, as well as good timing, because he was running after Watergate as an ethical, moral candidate. But he has good luck.
Then, when he gets to the presidency, especially in the second half of his term, 1979 and '80, he's essentially swamped by events, including economic problems that were very serious and contributed in a major way to his not getting reelected.
He did, though, appoint Paul Volcker, who raised interest rates way above 15 percent, which hurt Carter when he was running for reelection, but, eventually, that harsh medicine ended inflation. So, Reagan got the credit and arguably got reelected in '84 for that, but it was Carter's appointee who accomplished it, Paul Volcker.
So, his faith definitely drives him. I devote a fair amount of attention to that. I think even that is very misunderstood. He was a strong believer in the separation of church and state and would not allow any religious-tinged events at the White house. But I also think a sense of atonement drives him.
But then I think he spent the second half of his life, from that moment on, essentially making up for what he did not do in the first half of his life on civil rights. And that can be an inspiration for us, so this faith and this sense of wanting to do as much as he can for as many people as he can in whatever time he has left.
And I'm hoping that I and other authors can contribute to a real reassessment of his presidency. He's not going to be in our first rank of presidents. He made plenty of mistakes, but I do think that historians are now starting to recognize that he got slimed in some ways after he left office, and that there was much more that he achieved than people recognize.
And, of course, we haven't even spoken about his achievements as a former president. He revolutionized the role of former president. Rosalynn Carter is this enormously formidable partner. And I have the love letters, kind of steamy love letters that he wrote her from the Navy.
So, he completely changed the role of first lady. She did much more, for instance, than Eleanor Roosevelt as first lady. And then, after he left office, he revolutionized the role of former president.
The book is "His Very Best," of course, a play on Jimmy Carter saying when he was running for president, why not the best? It's "His Very Best: Jimmy Carter, a Life," a big contribution to our study of this presidency.
In games that give you a choice between using lethal or non-lethal force in order to overcome enemies, the former method is usually the most convenient. Some gamers like to play through such games while avoiding any killings that are not absolutely required, even if there is no real reward for doing so. In essence, the player is applying a No-Harm Requirement towards their entire playthrough.
The inverse of this is the Genocide Run, in which the player's task is to kill everything that moves. This is only possible if enemies are limited in number and don't respawn, hardly meaningful if fighting every enemy is a practical or absolute requirement, and rarely acknowledged in games that meet both of these requirements.
Also see Thou Shalt Not Kill, a super-trope of sorts. Stealth Based Games and Stealth Based Missions often feature this trope alongside Stealth Run. When the game scolds you for not taking a more peaceful option, see What the Hell, Player? Can be related to Video Game Caring Potential. The Badass Pacifist and Technical Pacifist attempt this in real life.
Action Adventure
- inFAMOUS: Second Son: It is entirely possible to make it through almost the whole game without killing a single person yourself, relying entirely on subduing people. The exception being when Reggie dies. It's impossible to subdue anyone during that scene. Delsin is so enraged that he obliterates every trooper in his way. It can start to bleed into Technical Pacifist, though.
- The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past makes this easier than other games in the series because of two factors: The Magic Cape item, and the fact that the game doesn't require you to Kill Enemies to Open the way out as much as other games in the series.
- The Ghandi bonus in the first two games of the The Journeyman Project series is awarded if you defeat your enemies with non-lethal force, which gives you extra points. It's possible to complete a game this way too.
- Players have found ways to complete certain Assassin's Creed games with a minimum of blood on their hands. One standout example is Assassin's Creed: Odyssey where the player's kill scorenote which normally reaches into the high thousands, if not above ten thousand per playthrough can be kept at near zero by letting the misthios' Animal Companion Ikaros do most of the necessary killing for them. In situations where this doesn't work, like in conquest battles, paralyzing arrows can be used to neutralize enemies nonlethally. Players on a New Game Plus run can also equip the legendary Pilgrim armor set to make themselves invisible indefinitely and just sneak past the majority of enemies in the game.
- It is possible to beat Metroid and have the only enemy you defeat be Mother Brain. The main obstacle comes in the form of missile ammo: unlike later games, which have recharge stations for energy and ammunition, the NES original only gives you these through item drops from defeated enemies. Since missiles are absolutely required to get through the final part of the game and defeat Mother Brain, you will not only need to get pretty much every missile expansion in the game (as you no longer have access to the massive 75 missile upgrades that defeating Kraid and Ridley nets you), but you also can't afford to waste a single one before reaching Tourian. In addition, because some missile expansions are behind doors that require missiles themselves, you will have to use the (very simple to do) "door glitch" to enter those rooms.
Action Game
- It is possible in Horizon Zero Dawn to wear outfits optimized for stealth, and the varied landscape offers numerous opportunities to sneak around without alerting machines that lack the radar-sensing functionality (and even the ones with radar don't engage it all the time). As a result, once Aloy has the ability to override basic machines like Watchers and Striders, it is possible to combine stealth with the override ability to take advantage of the tendency of non-overridden machines to attack the overridden one. Consequently, aside from storyline-mandated fights against machines, it is possible to go through the entire game without killing more machines than necessary.
- Truly skilled (and crazy) runners will do this with Ninja Gaiden (NES) the game that is the epitomy of Nintendo Hard. Only the bosses are allowed to be killed and since most regular enemies die in one blow, a single errant button press will invalidate the run. If you want to see jaw dropping runs, check them out.
- In Pharaoh's Tomb, you only have to kill two monsters in the first part. You do get a reward though: you have a maximum of 5 spears, and getting a 6th gives you a lot of points.
- In Teppoman, if you run very fast and jump over enemies, you can freak out the AI, skip most enemies and rescue all hostages in the first part, but the second part is impossible to do, because the game treats destroying the turret as a kill. Pacifist run of Teppoman up to the "blue ending".
Adventure Game
- In Quest for Glory, the Thief can make it through the first three games only killing two Big Bads. The fourth game also requires you to kill two Eldritch Abominations, a wraith, and the Big Bad. The fifth game does not really allow for a pacifist run, shifting as it did to a more traditional hack-and-slash action game.
- Required in Open Sorcery for the Golden Ending.@Decker: You made friends with a virus.@Decker: What are you doing, maintaining network security, or playing Undertale?
Driving Game
- Fatal Racing. Surprisingly easy to do unconsciously before you learn how to play the crash/fatality system, surprisingly hard to do consciously after you do.
- In the classic arcade game Bump n' Jump, where the objective was generally to run as many other cars off the road as you could without crashing yourself, you got substantial bonus points if you completed a level without running anyone off the road.
Fighting Game
- Super Smash Bros.:
- The original game has a bonus ("Pacifist") for clearing a stage without even attempting an attack. Given how many stages have level hazards, this isn't as difficult as it sounds to obtain.
- In the sequel, Super Smash Bros. Melee, this bonus still exists, and is joined by another bonus called "Switzerland" which requires not being attacked as well (complete neutrality). Yet another bonus is called "Peaceful Warrior," which lets you attack an enemy but not KO them. And all of these are necessary for 100% Completion. There are some AI quirks in certain stages that help with getting these.
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